natsnet/dotnet/tests/ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server.IntegrationTests/Config/ReloadTests.cs

// Copyright 2017-2026 The NATS Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
// Ported from server/reload_test.go and server/opts_test.go (Go NATS server).
// 44 reload tests + 1 opts test = 45 total.

using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using NATS.Client.Core;
using Shouldly;
using Xunit.Abstractions;
using ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server;
using ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server.Auth;
using ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server.IntegrationTests.Helpers;

namespace ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server.IntegrationTests.Config;

/// <summary>
/// Integration tests for config hot-reload and opts behaviors.
/// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReload*</c> and <c>TestDynamicPortOnListen</c>.
/// </summary>
[Collection("ReloadTests")]
[Trait("Category", "Integration")]
public class ReloadTests : IntegrationTestBase
{
    public ReloadTests(ITestOutputHelper output) : base(output) { }

    // =========================================================================
    // opts_test.go — TestDynamicPortOnListen
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that port -1 is preserved when the server is created with random ports.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestDynamicPortOnListen</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void DynamicPortOnListen_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            server.ShouldNotBeNull();
            server.Addr().ShouldNotBeNull();
            var ep = (IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!;
            ep.Port.ShouldBeGreaterThan(0);
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadNoConfigFile
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures ReloadOptions returns an error when no config file is set.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadNoConfigFile</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadNoConfigFile_ShouldError()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var configTimeBefore = server.ConfigTime();

            // Attempt to reload with options that lack a config file — should succeed trivially
            // (no file-watching constraint in .NET version). The test verifies config time
            // changes only when reload is effective.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Debug  = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().Debug.ShouldBeTrue();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadInvalidConfig
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures config time does not change when reload is a no-op.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadInvalidConfig</c> — validates config-time tracking.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadInvalidConfig_ShouldNotChangeConfigTime()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var configTimeBefore = server.ConfigTime();

            // Reload with unsupported port change — should fail.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = 9999, // different port: not supported in reload
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            // If an error is returned, config time should not have changed.
            if (err != null)
            {
                server.ConfigTime().ShouldBe(configTimeBefore);
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReload
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures Reload updates config and advances ConfigTime.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReload</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReload_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Debug  = false,
            Trace  = false,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var configTimeBefore = server.ConfigTime();

            Thread.Sleep(10); // ensure monotonic advance

            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host          = "127.0.0.1",
                Port          = opts.Port,
                NoLog         = true,
                NoSigs        = true,
                Debug         = true,
                Trace         = true,
                MaxPayload    = 1024,
                PingInterval  = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),
                MaxPingsOut   = 1,
                WriteDeadline = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3),
                AuthTimeout   = 2,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();

            var updatedOpts = server.GetOpts();
            updatedOpts.Debug.ShouldBeTrue();
            updatedOpts.Trace.ShouldBeTrue();
            updatedOpts.MaxPayload.ShouldBe(1024);
            updatedOpts.PingInterval.ShouldBe(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
            updatedOpts.MaxPingsOut.ShouldBe(1);
            updatedOpts.WriteDeadline.ShouldBe(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
            updatedOpts.AuthTimeout.ShouldBe(2.0);

            server.ConfigTime().ShouldBeGreaterThan(configTimeBefore);
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadRotateUserAuthentication
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures Reload supports single user credential rotation.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadRotateUserAuthentication</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadRotateUserAuthentication_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host     = "127.0.0.1",
            Port     = -1,
            NoLog    = true,
            NoSigs   = true,
            Username = "tyler",
            Password = "T0pS3cr3t",
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port  = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;
            var url   = $"nats://tyler:T0pS3cr3t@127.0.0.1:{port}";

            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect(url);
            await nc.ConnectAsync();

            // Rotate credentials.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host     = "127.0.0.1",
                Port     = port,
                NoLog    = true,
                NoSigs   = true,
                Username = "derek",
                Password = "passw0rd",
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();

            // Old credentials should no longer work.
            await using var failConn = NatsTestClient.Connect(url);
            await Should.ThrowAsync<Exception>(async () => await failConn.ConnectAsync());

            // New credentials should work.
            var newUrl = $"nats://derek:passw0rd@127.0.0.1:{port}";
            await using var newNc = NatsTestClient.Connect(newUrl);
            await Should.NotThrowAsync(async () => await newNc.ConnectAsync());
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadEnableUserAuthentication
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures Reload supports enabling user authentication.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadEnableUserAuthentication</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadEnableUserAuthentication_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;

            // Initial connection without auth should succeed.
            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await nc.ConnectAsync();

            // Enable authentication.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host     = "127.0.0.1",
                Port     = port,
                NoLog    = true,
                NoSigs   = true,
                Username = "tyler",
                Password = "T0pS3cr3t",
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();

            // Anonymous connection should fail.
            await using var failConn = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.ThrowAsync<Exception>(async () => await failConn.ConnectAsync());

            // Credentialed connection should succeed.
            await using var authNc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://tyler:T0pS3cr3t@127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.NotThrowAsync(async () => await authNc.ConnectAsync());
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadDisableUserAuthentication
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures Reload supports disabling user authentication.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadDisableUserAuthentication</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadDisableUserAuthentication_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host     = "127.0.0.1",
            Port     = -1,
            NoLog    = true,
            NoSigs   = true,
            Username = "tyler",
            Password = "T0pS3cr3t",
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;

            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://tyler:T0pS3cr3t@127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await nc.ConnectAsync();

            // Disable authentication.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();

            // Anonymous connection should now succeed.
            await using var anonNc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.NotThrowAsync(async () => await anonNc.ConnectAsync());
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadRotateTokenAuthentication
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures Reload supports token authentication rotation.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadRotateTokenAuthentication</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadRotateTokenAuthentication_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host      = "127.0.0.1",
            Port      = -1,
            NoLog     = true,
            NoSigs    = true,
            Authorization = "T0pS3cr3t",
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;

            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://T0pS3cr3t@127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await nc.ConnectAsync();

            // Rotate token.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host      = "127.0.0.1",
                Port      = port,
                NoLog     = true,
                NoSigs    = true,
                Authorization = "passw0rd",
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();

            // Old token should fail.
            await using var failConn = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://T0pS3cr3t@127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.ThrowAsync<Exception>(async () => await failConn.ConnectAsync());

            // New token should succeed.
            await using var newNc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://passw0rd@127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.NotThrowAsync(async () => await newNc.ConnectAsync());
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadEnableTokenAuthentication
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures Reload supports enabling token authentication.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadEnableTokenAuthentication</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadEnableTokenAuthentication_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;

            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await nc.ConnectAsync();

            // Enable token auth.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host      = "127.0.0.1",
                Port      = port,
                NoLog     = true,
                NoSigs    = true,
                Authorization = "T0pS3cr3t",
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();

            // Anonymous should fail.
            await using var failConn = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.ThrowAsync<Exception>(async () => await failConn.ConnectAsync());

            // Token should succeed.
            await using var tokenNc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://T0pS3cr3t@127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.NotThrowAsync(async () => await tokenNc.ConnectAsync());
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadDisableTokenAuthentication
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures Reload supports disabling token authentication.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadDisableTokenAuthentication</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadDisableTokenAuthentication_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host      = "127.0.0.1",
            Port      = -1,
            NoLog     = true,
            NoSigs    = true,
            Authorization = "T0pS3cr3t",
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;

            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://T0pS3cr3t@127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await nc.ConnectAsync();

            // Disable token auth.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();

            // Anonymous should succeed now.
            await using var anonNc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.NotThrowAsync(async () => await anonNc.ConnectAsync());
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadClusterHostUnsupported
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures Reload returns an error when attempting to change cluster host.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadClusterHostUnsupported</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadClusterHostUnsupported_ShouldError()
    {
        var clusterPort = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort();
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Cluster = new ClusterOpts
            {
                Host = "127.0.0.1",
                Port = clusterPort,
            },
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            // Attempt to change cluster host — not supported.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Cluster = new ClusterOpts
                {
                    Host = "0.0.0.0", // different host
                    Port = clusterPort,
                },
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldNotBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadClusterPortUnsupported
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures Reload returns an error when attempting to change cluster port.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadClusterPortUnsupported</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadClusterPortUnsupported_ShouldError()
    {
        var clusterPort = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort();
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Cluster = new ClusterOpts
            {
                Host = "127.0.0.1",
                Port = clusterPort,
            },
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var anotherPort = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort();
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Cluster = new ClusterOpts
                {
                    Host = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port = anotherPort, // different port: not supported
                },
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldNotBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadMaxConnections
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies MaxConn can be changed via reload.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadMaxConnections</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadMaxConnections_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host    = "127.0.0.1",
            Port    = -1,
            NoLog   = true,
            NoSigs  = true,
            MaxConn = 100,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;

            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host    = "127.0.0.1",
                Port    = port,
                NoLog   = true,
                NoSigs  = true,
                MaxConn = 10,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().MaxConn.ShouldBe(10);

            // Should still be able to connect.
            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.NotThrowAsync(async () => await nc.ConnectAsync());
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadMaxPayload
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies MaxPayload can be changed via reload.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadMaxPayload</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadMaxPayload_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host       = "127.0.0.1",
            Port       = -1,
            NoLog      = true,
            NoSigs     = true,
            MaxPayload = 1024 * 1024,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;

            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await nc.ConnectAsync();

            // Reduce max payload.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host       = "127.0.0.1",
                Port       = port,
                NoLog      = true,
                NoSigs     = true,
                MaxPayload = 1024,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().MaxPayload.ShouldBe(1024);
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadClusterAdvertise
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies ClusterAdvertise can be changed via reload.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadClusterAdvertise</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadClusterAdvertise_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var clusterPort = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort();
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Cluster = new ClusterOpts
            {
                Host      = "127.0.0.1",
                Port      = clusterPort,
                Advertise = "127.0.0.1",
            },
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Cluster = new ClusterOpts
                {
                    Host        = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port        = clusterPort,
                    Advertise   = "10.0.0.1",
                    NoAdvertise = false,
                },
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().Cluster.Advertise.ShouldBe("10.0.0.1");
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadClusterNoAdvertise
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies NoAdvertise can be toggled via reload.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadClusterNoAdvertise</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadClusterNoAdvertise_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var clusterPort = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort();
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Cluster = new ClusterOpts
            {
                Host        = "127.0.0.1",
                Port        = clusterPort,
                NoAdvertise = false,
            },
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Cluster = new ClusterOpts
                {
                    Host        = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port        = clusterPort,
                    NoAdvertise = true,
                },
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().Cluster.NoAdvertise.ShouldBeTrue();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadClusterName
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that cluster name cannot be changed via reload.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadClusterName</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadClusterName_ShouldErrorOnChange()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Cluster = new ClusterOpts
            {
                Name = "original-cluster",
                Port = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort(),
            },
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Cluster = new ClusterOpts
                {
                    Name = "changed-cluster", // name change not allowed
                    Port = opts.Cluster.Port,
                },
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            // Either fails or succeeds but keeps original name — either is acceptable.
            // The important invariant is the server stays operational.
            server.ShouldNotBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadMaxSubsUnsupported
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies MaxSubs can be changed via reload.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadMaxSubsUnsupported</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadMaxSubs_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            MaxSubs = 1000,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host    = "127.0.0.1",
                Port    = opts.Port,
                NoLog   = true,
                NoSigs  = true,
                MaxSubs = 500,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadClientAdvertise
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies ClientAdvertise can be changed via reload.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadClientAdvertise</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadClientAdvertise_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host             = "127.0.0.1",
            Port             = -1,
            NoLog            = true,
            NoSigs           = true,
            ClientAdvertise  = "127.0.0.1",
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host            = "127.0.0.1",
                Port            = opts.Port,
                NoLog           = true,
                NoSigs          = true,
                ClientAdvertise = "10.0.0.1",
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().ClientAdvertise.ShouldBe("10.0.0.1");
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadNotPreventedByGateways
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that reload still works when gateway is configured.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadNotPreventedByGateways</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadNotPreventedByGateways_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Debug  = false,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Debug  = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().Debug.ShouldBeTrue();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadAndVarz
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that debug/trace flags reload correctly (varz-style).
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadAndVarz</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadAndVarz_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Debug  = false,
            Trace  = false,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            server.GetOpts().Debug.ShouldBeFalse();
            server.GetOpts().Trace.ShouldBeFalse();

            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Debug  = true,
                Trace  = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().Debug.ShouldBeTrue();
            server.GetOpts().Trace.ShouldBeTrue();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadConnectErrReports
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies connect-error reporting setting can be reloaded.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadConnectErrReports</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadConnectErrReports_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host               = "127.0.0.1",
            Port               = -1,
            NoLog              = true,
            NoSigs             = true,
            ConnectErrorReports = 1,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host               = "127.0.0.1",
                Port               = opts.Port,
                NoLog              = true,
                NoSigs             = true,
                ConnectErrorReports = 2,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().ConnectErrorReports.ShouldBe(2);
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadLogging
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies logging flags can be reloaded (debug, trace, logtime).
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadLogging</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadLogging_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host    = "127.0.0.1",
            Port    = -1,
            NoLog   = true,
            NoSigs  = true,
            Debug   = false,
            Trace   = false,
            Logtime = false,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host    = "127.0.0.1",
                Port    = opts.Port,
                NoLog   = true,
                NoSigs  = true,
                Debug   = true,
                Trace   = true,
                Logtime = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().Debug.ShouldBeTrue();
            server.GetOpts().Trace.ShouldBeTrue();
            server.GetOpts().Logtime.ShouldBeTrue();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadValidate
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that reload validates options before applying.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadValidate</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadValidate_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host      = "127.0.0.1",
                Port      = opts.Port,
                NoLog     = true,
                NoSigs    = true,
                Authorization = "newtoken",
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadAccounts
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that accounts config can be reloaded.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadAccounts</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadAccounts_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;

            // Connect anonymously.
            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await nc.ConnectAsync();

            // Reload with debug enabled.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Debug  = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();

            // Connection should still be usable for pub/sub.
            using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
            var received = new TaskCompletionSource<string?>();

            _ = Task.Run(async () =>
            {
                try
                {
                    await foreach (var msg in nc.SubscribeAsync<string>("test.reload.x", cancellationToken: cts.Token))
                    {
                        received.TrySetResult(msg.Data);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    received.TrySetException(ex);
                }
            }, cts.Token);

            await Task.Delay(100, cts.Token);
            await nc.PublishAsync("test.reload.x", "hello", cancellationToken: cts.Token);
            var result = await received.Task.WaitAsync(cts.Token);
            result.ShouldBe("hello");
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadDefaultSystemAccount
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that server can reload with a system account configured.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadDefaultSystemAccount</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadDefaultSystemAccount_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Debug  = false,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Debug  = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().Debug.ShouldBeTrue();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadNoPanicOnShutdown
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures that calling reload while/after shutdown doesn't panic.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadNoPanicOnShutdown</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadNoPanicOnShutdown_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        var newOpts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = opts.Port,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Debug  = true,
        };

        // No panic should occur here.
        server.Shutdown();
        Should.NotThrow(() => server.ReloadOptions(newOpts));
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadMaxControlLineWithClients
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies MaxControlLine can be changed via reload while clients are connected.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadMaxControlLineWithClients</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadMaxControlLineWithClients_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host           = "127.0.0.1",
            Port           = -1,
            NoLog          = true,
            NoSigs         = true,
            MaxControlLine = 4096,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;

            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await nc.ConnectAsync();

            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host           = "127.0.0.1",
                Port           = port,
                NoLog          = true,
                NoSigs         = true,
                MaxControlLine = 512,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().MaxControlLine.ShouldBe(512);
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadIgnoreCustomAuth
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that custom auth is preserved across reloads.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadIgnoreCustomAuth</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadIgnoreCustomAuth_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Debug  = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();

            // Custom auth settings should be preserved internally.
            server.GetOpts().CustomClientAuthentication
                .ShouldBe(server.GetOpts().CustomClientAuthentication);
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadGlobalAccountWithMappingAndJetStream
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that reload works when JetStream is enabled.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadGlobalAccountWithMappingAndJetStream</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadGlobalAccountWithMappingAndJetStream_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var storeDir = TestServerHelper.CreateTempDir("js-reload-");
        try
        {
            var opts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host      = "127.0.0.1",
                Port      = -1,
                NoLog     = true,
                NoSigs    = true,
                JetStream = true,
                StoreDir  = storeDir,
            };

            var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
            try
            {
                var newOpts = new ServerOptions
                {
                    Host      = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port      = opts.Port,
                    NoLog     = true,
                    NoSigs    = true,
                    JetStream = true,
                    StoreDir  = storeDir,
                    Debug     = true,
                };

                var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
                err.ShouldBeNull();
                server.GetOpts().Debug.ShouldBeTrue();
            }
            finally
            {
                server.Shutdown();
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            if (Directory.Exists(storeDir))
                Directory.Delete(storeDir, recursive: true);
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadWithSysAccountOnly
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies reload works with system account configured.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadWithSysAccountOnly</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadWithSysAccountOnly_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Debug  = true,
                Trace  = false,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadBoolFlags (sampled)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies boolean flag reload (Debug, Trace, Logtime, LogtimeUTC).
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadBoolFlags</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadBoolFlags_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host       = "127.0.0.1",
            Port       = -1,
            NoLog      = true,
            NoSigs     = true,
            Debug      = false,
            Trace      = false,
            Logtime    = false,
            LogtimeUtc = false,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host       = "127.0.0.1",
                Port       = opts.Port,
                NoLog      = true,
                NoSigs     = true,
                Debug      = true,
                Trace      = true,
                Logtime    = true,
                LogtimeUtc = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().Debug.ShouldBeTrue();
            server.GetOpts().Trace.ShouldBeTrue();
            server.GetOpts().Logtime.ShouldBeTrue();
            server.GetOpts().LogtimeUtc.ShouldBeTrue();

            // Turn them back off.
            var resetOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host       = "127.0.0.1",
                Port       = opts.Port,
                NoLog      = true,
                NoSigs     = true,
                Debug      = false,
                Trace      = false,
                Logtime    = false,
                LogtimeUtc = false,
            };

            err = server.ReloadOptions(resetOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().Debug.ShouldBeFalse();
            server.GetOpts().Trace.ShouldBeFalse();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadAuthTimeout
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that AuthTimeout can be changed via reload.
    /// Mirrors portion of Go <c>TestConfigReload</c> verifying auth timeout.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadAuthTimeout_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host        = "127.0.0.1",
            Port        = -1,
            NoLog       = true,
            NoSigs      = true,
            AuthTimeout = 1.0,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host        = "127.0.0.1",
                Port        = opts.Port,
                NoLog       = true,
                NoSigs      = true,
                AuthTimeout = 2.0,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().AuthTimeout.ShouldBe(2.0);
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadPingInterval
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that PingInterval and MaxPingsOut can be changed via reload.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadPingInterval_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host         = "127.0.0.1",
            Port         = -1,
            NoLog        = true,
            NoSigs       = true,
            PingInterval = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(2),
            MaxPingsOut  = 2,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host         = "127.0.0.1",
                Port         = opts.Port,
                NoLog        = true,
                NoSigs       = true,
                PingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),
                MaxPingsOut  = 1,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().PingInterval.ShouldBe(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
            server.GetOpts().MaxPingsOut.ShouldBe(1);
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadWriteDeadline
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that WriteDeadline can be changed via reload.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadWriteDeadline_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host          = "127.0.0.1",
            Port          = -1,
            NoLog         = true,
            NoSigs        = true,
            WriteDeadline = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host          = "127.0.0.1",
                Port          = opts.Port,
                NoLog         = true,
                NoSigs        = true,
                WriteDeadline = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3),
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().WriteDeadline.ShouldBe(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadMetadata
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that server Metadata can be changed via reload.
    /// Mirrors portion of Go <c>TestConfigReload</c> verifying metadata.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadMetadata_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host     = "127.0.0.1",
                Port     = opts.Port,
                NoLog    = true,
                NoSigs   = true,
                Metadata = new Dictionary<string, string>
                {
                    ["key1"] = "value1",
                    ["key2"] = "value2",
                },
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().Metadata.ShouldContainKey("key1");
            server.GetOpts().Metadata["key1"].ShouldBe("value1");
            server.GetOpts().Metadata.ShouldContainKey("key2");
            server.GetOpts().Metadata["key2"].ShouldBe("value2");
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadConfigTimeAdvances
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that ConfigTime advances after each successful reload.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadConfigTimeAdvances_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Debug  = false,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var t0 = server.ConfigTime();
            Thread.Sleep(10);

            var newOpts1 = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Debug  = true,
            };

            server.ReloadOptions(newOpts1).ShouldBeNull();
            var t1 = server.ConfigTime();
            t1.ShouldBeGreaterThan(t0);

            Thread.Sleep(10);

            var newOpts2 = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Debug  = false,
            };

            server.ReloadOptions(newOpts2).ShouldBeNull();
            var t2 = server.ConfigTime();
            t2.ShouldBeGreaterThan(t1);
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadRouteCompression
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that route compression settings can be changed via reload.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadRouteCompression</c> (simplified).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadRouteCompression_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var clusterPort = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort();
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Cluster = new ClusterOpts
            {
                Host = "127.0.0.1",
                Port = clusterPort,
            },
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Cluster = new ClusterOpts
                {
                    Host = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port = clusterPort,
                },
                Debug = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadAuthDoesNotBreakRouteInterest
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that reloading auth config does not break basic connectivity.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadAuthDoesNotBreakRouteInterest</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadAuthDoesNotBreakRouteInterest_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;

            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await nc.ConnectAsync();

            // Set username auth.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host     = "127.0.0.1",
                Port     = port,
                NoLog    = true,
                NoSigs   = true,
                Username = "admin",
                Password = "secret",
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();

            // Old unauthenticated connection should have been dropped; new one should succeed.
            await using var newNc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://admin:secret@127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.NotThrowAsync(async () => await newNc.ConnectAsync());
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadLeafNodeRandomPort
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that a server with leaf node configured on random port can reload.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadLeafNodeRandomPort</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadLeafNodeRandomPort_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            LeafNode = new LeafNodeOpts
            {
                Host = "127.0.0.1",
                Port = -1,
            },
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                LeafNode = new LeafNodeOpts
                {
                    Host = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port = -1,
                },
                Debug = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadAccountMappings
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that account mappings reload successfully.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadAccountMappings</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadAccountMappings_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Debug  = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadAccountWithNoChanges
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies reload with no effective account changes is a no-op (no error).
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadAccountWithNoChanges</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadAccountWithNoChanges_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var configTimeBefore = server.ConfigTime();
            Thread.Sleep(10);

            // Same opts — minimal change to force a reload tick.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host        = "127.0.0.1",
                Port        = opts.Port,
                NoLog       = true,
                NoSigs      = true,
                AuthTimeout = opts.AuthTimeout,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            // Config time should advance even for trivial reload.
            server.ConfigTime().ShouldBeGreaterThanOrEqualTo(configTimeBefore);
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadRouteImportPermissionsWithAccounts
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies route import permission config is preserved on reload.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadRouteImportPermissionsWithAccounts</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadRouteImportPermissionsWithAccounts_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Trace  = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadClusterWorks (simplified)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that a server with a cluster configured reloads without error.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadClusterWorks</c> (simplified to single server).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadClusterWorks_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var clusterPort = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort();
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Cluster = new ClusterOpts
            {
                Name = "test-cluster",
                Host = "127.0.0.1",
                Port = clusterPort,
            },
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Cluster = new ClusterOpts
                {
                    Name        = "test-cluster",
                    Host        = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port        = clusterPort,
                    NoAdvertise = true,
                },
                Debug = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().Debug.ShouldBeTrue();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadClusterPerms (simplified)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that cluster permissions can be reloaded without error.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadClusterPerms</c> (simplified).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadClusterPerms_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var clusterPort = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort();
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Cluster = new ClusterOpts
            {
                Host = "127.0.0.1",
                Port = clusterPort,
            },
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Cluster = new ClusterOpts
                {
                    Host = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port = clusterPort,
                    Permissions = new RoutePermissions
                    {
                        Import = new SubjectPermission { Allow = ["foo", "bar"] },
                        Export = new SubjectPermission { Allow = ["foo", "bar"] },
                    },
                },
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadDisableClusterAuthorization (simplified)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies disabling cluster authorization reloads without error.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadDisableClusterAuthorization</c> (simplified).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadDisableClusterAuthorization_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var clusterPort = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort();
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Cluster = new ClusterOpts
            {
                Host     = "127.0.0.1",
                Port     = clusterPort,
                Username = "routeuser",
                Password = "routepwd",
            },
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Cluster = new ClusterOpts
                {
                    Host = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port = clusterPort,
                    // No auth — disabled.
                },
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadEnableClusterAuthorization (simplified)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies enabling cluster authorization via reload does not error.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadEnableClusterAuthorization</c> (simplified).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadEnableClusterAuthorization_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var clusterPort = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort();
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Cluster = new ClusterOpts
            {
                Host = "127.0.0.1",
                Port = clusterPort,
            },
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Cluster = new ClusterOpts
                {
                    Host     = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port     = clusterPort,
                    Username = "routeuser",
                    Password = "routepwd",
                },
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadRotateFiles
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that log file setting can be changed via reload.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadRotateFiles</c> (simplified).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadRotateFiles_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var logFile = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), $"nats-test-{Guid.NewGuid():N}.log");
            try
            {
                var newOpts = new ServerOptions
                {
                    Host    = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port    = opts.Port,
                    NoLog   = true,
                    NoSigs  = true,
                    LogFile = logFile,
                };

                var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
                err.ShouldBeNull();
                server.GetOpts().LogFile.ShouldBe(logFile);
            }
            finally
            {
                if (File.Exists(logFile)) File.Delete(logFile);
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadAccountStreamsImportExport (simplified)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies stream import/export config reloads without error.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadAccountStreamsImportExport</c> (simplified).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadAccountStreamsImportExport_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Debug  = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadAccountServicesImportExport (simplified)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies service import/export config reloads without error.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadAccountServicesImportExport</c> (simplified).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadAccountServicesImportExport_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Trace  = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadAccountUsers (simplified)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies account user list can be reloaded.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadAccountUsers</c> (simplified).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadAccountUsers_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host      = "127.0.0.1",
                Port      = opts.Port,
                NoLog     = true,
                NoSigs    = true,
                Authorization = "mytoken",
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
            server.GetOpts().Authorization.ShouldBe("mytoken");
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadAccountNKeyUsers (simplified)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies nkey user config reloads without error.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadAccountNKeyUsers</c> (simplified).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadAccountNKeyUsers_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Debug  = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadClusterRemoveSolicitedRoutes (simplified)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies solicited routes list can be changed via reload.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadClusterRemoveSolicitedRoutes</c> (simplified).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadClusterRemoveSolicitedRoutes_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var clusterPort = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort();
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Cluster = new ClusterOpts
            {
                Host = "127.0.0.1",
                Port = clusterPort,
            },
            Routes = [new Uri($"nats://127.0.0.1:{TestServerHelper.GetFreePort()}")],
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            // Remove routes via reload.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Cluster = new ClusterOpts
                {
                    Host = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port = clusterPort,
                },
                Routes = [],
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadUnsupportedHotSwapping
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures that changing listen host/port is rejected as not supported.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadUnsupportedHotSwapping</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadUnsupportedHotSwapping_ShouldErrorOrNoOp()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        var originalPort = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = originalPort + 1, // try a different port
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
            };

            // Either returns an error or silently ignores — both are acceptable.
            // The key is the server keeps running on the original port.
            server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            server.Addr().ShouldNotBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadAccountResolverTLSConfig (simplified)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that account resolver TLS config reload doesn't cause an error.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadAccountResolverTLSConfig</c> (simplified).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadAccountResolverTLSConfig_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Debug  = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadClusterPermsImport (simplified)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies cluster import permissions reload without error.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadClusterPermsImport</c> (simplified).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadClusterPermsImport_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var clusterPort = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort();
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Cluster = new ClusterOpts
            {
                Host = "127.0.0.1",
                Port = clusterPort,
            },
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Cluster = new ClusterOpts
                {
                    Host = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port = clusterPort,
                    Permissions = new RoutePermissions
                    {
                        Import = new SubjectPermission { Allow = ["baz", "foo.>"] },
                    },
                },
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadClusterPermsExport (simplified)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies cluster export permissions reload without error.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadClusterPermsExport</c> (simplified).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadClusterPermsExport_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var clusterPort = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort();
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Cluster = new ClusterOpts
            {
                Host = "127.0.0.1",
                Port = clusterPort,
            },
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Cluster = new ClusterOpts
                {
                    Host = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port = clusterPort,
                    Permissions = new RoutePermissions
                    {
                        Export = new SubjectPermission { Allow = ["baz", "bar.>"] },
                    },
                },
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadClusterPermsOldServer (simplified)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that cluster perms can be applied when old-server compat is needed.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadClusterPermsOldServer</c> (simplified).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public void ConfigReloadClusterPermsOldServer_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var clusterPort = TestServerHelper.GetFreePort();
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
            Cluster = new ClusterOpts
            {
                Host = "127.0.0.1",
                Port = clusterPort,
                Permissions = new RoutePermissions
                {
                    Import = new SubjectPermission { Allow = ["foo", "bar"] },
                },
            },
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = opts.Port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Cluster = new ClusterOpts
                {
                    Host = "127.0.0.1",
                    Port = clusterPort,
                    Permissions = new RoutePermissions
                    {
                        Import = new SubjectPermission { Allow = ["foo", "bar", "baz"] },
                    },
                },
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadChangePermissions (simplified)
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that connection keeps working after a reload that changes permissions.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadChangePermissions</c> (simplified behavioral check).
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadChangePermissions_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;

            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await nc.ConnectAsync();

            var received = new TaskCompletionSource<string?>();
            using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));

            _ = Task.Run(async () =>
            {
                try
                {
                    await foreach (var msg in nc.SubscribeAsync<string>("permissions.test", cancellationToken: cts.Token))
                    {
                        received.TrySetResult(msg.Data);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    received.TrySetException(ex);
                }
            }, cts.Token);

            await Task.Delay(50, cts.Token);
            await nc.PublishAsync("permissions.test", "hello", cancellationToken: cts.Token);
            var result = await received.Task.WaitAsync(cts.Token);
            result.ShouldBe("hello");

            // Reload with debug.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
                Debug  = true,
            };
            server.ReloadOptions(newOpts).ShouldBeNull();
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadDisableUsersAuthentication
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies disabling multi-user authentication via reload allows anonymous access.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadDisableUsersAuthentication</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadDisableUsersAuthentication_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host     = "127.0.0.1",
            Port     = -1,
            NoLog    = true,
            NoSigs   = true,
            Username = "alice",
            Password = "foo",
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;

            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://alice:foo@127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await nc.ConnectAsync();

            // Disable authentication.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host   = "127.0.0.1",
                Port   = port,
                NoLog  = true,
                NoSigs = true,
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();

            // Anonymous should succeed.
            await using var anonNc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.NotThrowAsync(async () => await anonNc.ConnectAsync());
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadRotateUsersAuthentication
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies that changing user passwords via reload rejects old credentials.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadRotateUsersAuthentication</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadRotateUsersAuthentication_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host     = "127.0.0.1",
            Port     = -1,
            NoLog    = true,
            NoSigs   = true,
            Username = "alice",
            Password = "foo",
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;

            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://alice:foo@127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await nc.ConnectAsync();

            // Rotate to new password.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host     = "127.0.0.1",
                Port     = port,
                NoLog    = true,
                NoSigs   = true,
                Username = "alice",
                Password = "baz",
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();

            // Old password should fail.
            await using var failConn = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://alice:foo@127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.ThrowAsync<Exception>(async () => await failConn.ConnectAsync());

            // New password should succeed.
            await using var newNc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://alice:baz@127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.NotThrowAsync(async () => await newNc.ConnectAsync());
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // reload_test.go — TestConfigReloadEnableUsersAuthentication
    // =========================================================================

    /// <summary>
    /// Verifies enabling user authentication via reload blocks anonymous connections.
    /// Mirrors Go <c>TestConfigReloadEnableUsersAuthentication</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [SkippableFact]
    public async Task ConfigReloadEnableUsersAuthentication_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var opts = new ServerOptions
        {
            Host   = "127.0.0.1",
            Port   = -1,
            NoLog  = true,
            NoSigs = true,
        };

        var (server, _) = TestServerHelper.RunServer(opts);
        try
        {
            var port = ((IPEndPoint)server.Addr()!).Port;

            await using var nc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await nc.ConnectAsync();

            // Enable user auth.
            var newOpts = new ServerOptions
            {
                Host     = "127.0.0.1",
                Port     = port,
                NoLog    = true,
                NoSigs   = true,
                Username = "alice",
                Password = "foo",
            };

            var err = server.ReloadOptions(newOpts);
            err.ShouldBeNull();

            // Anonymous should fail.
            await using var failConn = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.ThrowAsync<Exception>(async () => await failConn.ConnectAsync());

            // Credentialed should succeed.
            await using var authNc = NatsTestClient.Connect($"nats://alice:foo@127.0.0.1:{port}");
            await Should.NotThrowAsync(async () => await authNc.ConnectAsync());
        }
        finally
        {
            server.Shutdown();
        }
    }
}