feat: implement IAccountResolver interface and MemAccountResolver

Adds the IAccountResolver interface (FetchAsync, StoreAsync, IsReadOnly)
and a MemAccountResolver backed by ConcurrentDictionary for in-memory
JWT storage in tests and simple operator deployments.

Reference: golang/nats-server/server/accounts.go:4035+

src/NATS.Server/Auth/Jwt/AccountResolver.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+
+namespace NATS.Server.Auth.Jwt;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Resolves account JWTs by account NKey public key. The server calls
+/// <see cref="FetchAsync"/> during client authentication to obtain the
+/// account JWT that was previously published by an account operator.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// Reference: golang/nats-server/server/accounts.go:4035+ — AccountResolver interface
+/// and MemAccResolver implementation.
+/// </remarks>
+public interface IAccountResolver
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Fetches the JWT for the given account NKey. Returns <c>null</c> when
+    /// the NKey is not known to this resolver.
+    /// </summary>
+    Task<string?> FetchAsync(string accountNkey);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Stores (or replaces) the JWT for the given account NKey. Callers that
+    /// target a read-only resolver should check <see cref="IsReadOnly"/> first.
+    /// </summary>
+    Task StoreAsync(string accountNkey, string jwt);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// When <c>true</c>, <see cref="StoreAsync"/> is not supported and will
+    /// throw <see cref="NotSupportedException"/>. Directory and URL resolvers
+    /// may be read-only; in-memory resolvers are not.
+    /// </summary>
+    bool IsReadOnly { get; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// In-memory account resolver backed by a <see cref="ConcurrentDictionary{TKey,TValue}"/>.
+/// Suitable for tests and simple single-operator deployments where account JWTs
+/// are provided at startup via <see cref="StoreAsync"/>.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// Reference: golang/nats-server/server/accounts.go — MemAccResolver
+/// </remarks>
+public sealed class MemAccountResolver : IAccountResolver
+{
+    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, string> _accounts =
+        new(StringComparer.Ordinal);
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public bool IsReadOnly => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public Task<string?> FetchAsync(string accountNkey)
+    {
+        _accounts.TryGetValue(accountNkey, out var jwt);
+        return Task.FromResult(jwt);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public Task StoreAsync(string accountNkey, string jwt)
+    {
+        _accounts[accountNkey] = jwt;
+        return Task.CompletedTask;
+    }
+}

tests/NATS.Server.Tests/AccountResolverTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+using NATS.Server.Auth.Jwt;
+
+namespace NATS.Server.Tests;
+
+public class AccountResolverTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Store_and_fetch_roundtrip()
+    {
+        var resolver = new MemAccountResolver();
+        const string nkey = "AABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ";
+        const string jwt = "eyJhbGciOiJlZDI1NTE5LW5rZXkiLCJ0eXAiOiJKV1QifQ.payload.sig";
+
+        await resolver.StoreAsync(nkey, jwt);
+        var fetched = await resolver.FetchAsync(nkey);
+
+        fetched.ShouldBe(jwt);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Fetch_unknown_key_returns_null()
+    {
+        var resolver = new MemAccountResolver();
+
+        var result = await resolver.FetchAsync("UNKNOWN_NKEY");
+
+        result.ShouldBeNull();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Store_overwrites_existing_entry()
+    {
+        var resolver = new MemAccountResolver();
+        const string nkey = "AABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ";
+        const string originalJwt = "original.jwt.token";
+        const string updatedJwt = "updated.jwt.token";
+
+        await resolver.StoreAsync(nkey, originalJwt);
+        await resolver.StoreAsync(nkey, updatedJwt);
+        var fetched = await resolver.FetchAsync(nkey);
+
+        fetched.ShouldBe(updatedJwt);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void IsReadOnly_returns_false()
+    {
+        IAccountResolver resolver = new MemAccountResolver();
+
+        resolver.IsReadOnly.ShouldBeFalse();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Multiple_accounts_are_stored_independently()
+    {
+        var resolver = new MemAccountResolver();
+        const string nkey1 = "AABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ1";
+        const string nkey2 = "AABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ2";
+        const string jwt1 = "jwt.for.account.one";
+        const string jwt2 = "jwt.for.account.two";
+
+        await resolver.StoreAsync(nkey1, jwt1);
+        await resolver.StoreAsync(nkey2, jwt2);
+
+        (await resolver.FetchAsync(nkey1)).ShouldBe(jwt1);
+        (await resolver.FetchAsync(nkey2)).ShouldBe(jwt2);
+    }
+}