src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests/Ipc/WorkerFrameProtocolTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+using System;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Contracts;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Contracts.Proto;
@@ -305,6 +307,101 @@ public sealed class WorkerFrameProtocolTests
             Nonce);
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Verifies that under concurrent writers every frame receives a distinct, gap-free sequence in
+    /// strictly increasing on-wire order — the sequence is stamped by the writer at write time, so the
+    /// wire order and the stamped sequence always agree (WRK-04).
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A task that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task WriteAsync_UnderConcurrentCalls_StampsGapFreeMonotonicSequence()
+    {
+        const int frameCount = 50;
+        WorkerFrameProtocolOptions options = CreateOptions();
+        using MemoryStream stream = new();
+        WorkerFrameWriter writer = new(stream, options);
+
+        await Task.WhenAll(
+            Enumerable.Range(0, frameCount).Select(_ => writer.WriteAsync(CreateEventEnvelope())));
+
+        stream.Position = 0;
+        WorkerFrameReader reader = new(stream, options);
+        ulong[] sequences = new ulong[frameCount];
+        for (int index = 0; index < frameCount; index++)
+        {
+            sequences[index] = (await reader.ReadAsync()).Sequence;
+        }
+
+        // On-wire order is strictly increasing 1..frameCount with no gaps or duplicates.
+        Assert.Equal(Enumerable.Range(1, frameCount).Select(value => (ulong)value), sequences);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Verifies that when a control frame and an event frame are both queued behind an in-progress
+    /// write, the draining lock-holder writes the control frame first even though the event was queued
+    /// earlier (WRK-07).
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A task that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task WriteAsync_WhenControlAndEventQueuedTogether_WritesControlFirst()
+    {
+        WorkerFrameProtocolOptions options = CreateOptions();
+        using GatedWriteStream stream = new();
+        WorkerFrameWriter writer = new(stream, options);
+
+        // First write occupies the writer and blocks inside the stream, holding the write lock.
+        Task firstWrite = writer.WriteAsync(CreateGatewayHelloEnvelope(), WorkerFrameWritePriority.Control);
+        await AwaitWithTimeoutAsync(stream.FirstWriteStarted);
+
+        // Queue an event first, then a control frame, while the writer is blocked. Both wait for the lock.
+        Task eventWrite = writer.WriteAsync(CreateEventEnvelope(), WorkerFrameWritePriority.Event);
+        Task controlWrite = writer.WriteAsync(CreateGatewayHelloEnvelope(), WorkerFrameWritePriority.Control);
+        await Task.Delay(50);
+
+        stream.ReleaseFirstWrite();
+        await AwaitWithTimeoutAsync(Task.WhenAll(firstWrite, eventWrite, controlWrite));
+
+        stream.Position = 0;
+        WorkerFrameReader reader = new(stream, options);
+        WorkerEnvelope frame1 = await reader.ReadAsync();
+        WorkerEnvelope frame2 = await reader.ReadAsync();
+        WorkerEnvelope frame3 = await reader.ReadAsync();
+
+        Assert.Equal(WorkerEnvelope.BodyOneofCase.GatewayHello, frame1.BodyCase);
+        // The control frame jumped ahead of the earlier-queued event.
+        Assert.Equal(WorkerEnvelope.BodyOneofCase.GatewayHello, frame2.BodyCase);
+        Assert.Equal(WorkerEnvelope.BodyOneofCase.WorkerEvent, frame3.BodyCase);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Verifies a zero negotiated frame maximum keeps the constructor default (IPC-02).</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void AdoptNegotiatedMaxMessageBytes_WithZero_KeepsDefault()
+    {
+        WorkerFrameProtocolOptions options = CreateOptions();
+        int original = options.MaxMessageBytes;
+        options.AdoptNegotiatedMaxMessageBytes(0);
+        Assert.Equal(original, options.MaxMessageBytes);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Verifies an in-range negotiated frame maximum is adopted (IPC-02).</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void AdoptNegotiatedMaxMessageBytes_WithInRangeValue_Adopts()
+    {
+        WorkerFrameProtocolOptions options = CreateOptions();
+        options.AdoptNegotiatedMaxMessageBytes(4 * 1024 * 1024);
+        Assert.Equal(4 * 1024 * 1024, options.MaxMessageBytes);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Verifies a negotiated frame maximum above the worker ceiling is rejected (IPC-02).</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void AdoptNegotiatedMaxMessageBytes_AboveCeiling_Throws()
+    {
+        WorkerFrameProtocolOptions options = CreateOptions();
+        WorkerFrameProtocolException exception = Assert.Throws<WorkerFrameProtocolException>(
+            () => options.AdoptNegotiatedMaxMessageBytes((uint)WorkerFrameProtocolOptions.MaxNegotiableFrameBytes + 1));
+        Assert.Equal(WorkerFrameProtocolErrorCode.InvalidConfiguration, exception.ErrorCode);
+    }
+
     private static WorkerEnvelope CreateGatewayHelloEnvelope(ulong sequence = 1)
     {
         return new WorkerEnvelope
@@ -321,4 +418,63 @@ public sealed class WorkerFrameProtocolTests
         };
     }
 
+    // net48 has no Task.WaitAsync(TimeSpan); fail the test rather than hang if the writer misbehaves.
+    private static async Task AwaitWithTimeoutAsync(Task task)
+    {
+        Task completed = await Task.WhenAny(task, Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)));
+        if (completed != task)
+        {
+            throw new TimeoutException("Timed out waiting for the frame writer.");
+        }
+
+        await task;
+    }
+
+    private static WorkerEnvelope CreateEventEnvelope()
+    {
+        return new WorkerEnvelope
+        {
+            ProtocolVersion = GatewayContractInfo.WorkerProtocolVersion,
+            SessionId = SessionId,
+            WorkerEvent = new WorkerEvent
+            {
+                Event = new MxEvent { SessionId = SessionId },
+            },
+        };
+    }
+
+    // A MemoryStream whose first WriteAsync blocks until released, so a test can queue additional frames
+    // behind an in-progress write and observe the writer's priority ordering.
+    private sealed class GatedWriteStream : MemoryStream
+    {
+        private readonly SemaphoreSlim _release = new SemaphoreSlim(0);
+        private readonly TaskCompletionSource<bool> _firstWriteStarted =
+            new TaskCompletionSource<bool>(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);
+        private int _writeCount;
+
+        public Task FirstWriteStarted => _firstWriteStarted.Task;
+
+        public void ReleaseFirstWrite() => _release.Release();
+
+        public override async Task WriteAsync(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            if (Interlocked.Increment(ref _writeCount) == 1)
+            {
+                _firstWriteStarted.TrySetResult(true);
+                await _release.WaitAsync(cancellationToken);
+            }
+
+            await base.WriteAsync(buffer, offset, count, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (disposing)
+            {
+                _release.Dispose();
+            }
+
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+        }
+    }
 }

src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests/Ipc/WorkerPipeSessionTests.cs

@@ -449,6 +449,44 @@ public sealed class WorkerPipeSessionTests
         await SendShutdownAndWaitAsync(pipePair, runTask, cancellation.Token);
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Verifies that a DrainEvents control command with <c>max_events = 0</c> is bounded by the
+    ///     worker rather than draining the entire queue into one reply frame: the session passes a
+    ///     capped, non-zero maximum to the runtime session (IPC-04).
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A task that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task RunAsync_DrainEventsWithZeroMaxEvents_BoundsTheDrain()
+    {
+        using CancellationTokenSource cancellation = new(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
+        using PipePair pipePair = await PipePair.CreateAsync(cancellation.Token);
+        FakeRuntimeSession runtime = new() { SuppressDrainForBatchSize = 128 };
+        WorkerPipeSession session = CreatePipeSession(pipePair.WorkerStream, runtime);
+        runtime.EnqueueEvent(CreateWorkerEvent(sequence: 11));
+        Task runTask = session.RunAsync(cancellation.Token);
+        await CompleteGatewayHandshakeAsync(pipePair, cancellation.Token);
+
+        await pipePair.GatewayWriter
+            .WriteAsync(
+                CreateControlCommandEnvelope(
+                    "drain-cap-1",
+                    MxCommandKind.DrainEvents,
+                    command => command.DrainEvents = new DrainEventsCommand { MaxEvents = 0 }),
+                cancellation.Token);
+
+        await ReadUntilAsync(
+            pipePair.GatewayReader,
+            WorkerEnvelope.BodyOneofCase.WorkerCommandReply,
+            cancellation.Token);
+
+        // The client asked for "all" (0) but the worker must pass a bounded, non-zero cap so the reply
+        // frame cannot grow without limit.
+        Assert.NotNull(runtime.LastDrainMaxEvents);
+        Assert.NotEqual(0u, runtime.LastDrainMaxEvents!.Value);
+
+        await SendShutdownAndWaitAsync(pipePair, runTask, cancellation.Token);
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     ///     Verifies that ShutdownWorker returns its OK reply BEFORE the graceful
     ///     shutdown runs and disposes the runtime session, and that the message

src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests/TestSupport/FakeRuntimeSession.cs

@@ -125,6 +125,14 @@ internal sealed class FakeRuntimeSession : IWorkerRuntimeSession
     /// </summary>
     public uint? SuppressDrainForBatchSize { get; set; }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Records the <c>maxEvents</c> argument of the most recent non-suppressed
+    ///     <see cref="DrainEvents"/> call — i.e. the effective cap the session passed for an explicit
+    ///     DrainEvents control command. Lets a test assert the worker bounds the drain (IPC-04) rather
+    ///     than forwarding the client's raw <c>max_events = 0</c>.
+    /// </summary>
+    public uint? LastDrainMaxEvents { get; private set; }
+
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public IReadOnlyList<WorkerEvent> DrainEvents(uint maxEvents)
     {
@@ -133,6 +141,8 @@ internal sealed class FakeRuntimeSession : IWorkerRuntimeSession
             return Array.Empty<WorkerEvent>();
         }
 
+        LastDrainMaxEvents = maxEvents;
+
         lock (gate)
         {
             int drainCount = maxEvents == 0

src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker/Ipc/WorkerFrameProtocolOptions.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,14 @@ public sealed class WorkerFrameProtocolOptions
     /// <summary>Default maximum message size in bytes (16 MB).</summary>
     public const int DefaultMaxMessageBytes = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Upper ceiling the worker will accept for a gateway-negotiated frame maximum
+    /// (<c>GatewayHello.max_frame_bytes</c>, IPC-02). Matches the gateway's own configuration ceiling
+    /// so a nonsensical negotiated value is rejected at the handshake rather than driving an absurd
+    /// per-frame allocation. 256 MiB.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const int MaxNegotiableFrameBytes = 256 * 1024 * 1024;
+
     /// <summary>Initializes a new instance of the WorkerFrameProtocolOptions class from WorkerOptions.</summary>
     /// <param name="options">Worker initialization options.</param>
     public WorkerFrameProtocolOptions(WorkerOptions options)
@@ -98,6 +106,36 @@ public sealed class WorkerFrameProtocolOptions
     /// <summary>Gets the nonce for startup validation.</summary>
     public string Nonce { get; }
 
-    /// <summary>Gets the maximum message size in bytes.</summary>
+    /// <summary>
-    public int MaxMessageBytes { get; }
+    /// Gets the maximum worker-frame message size in bytes. Initialized from the constructor and
+    /// then adopted once from the gateway-negotiated value during the startup handshake
+    /// (<c>GatewayHello.max_frame_bytes</c>, IPC-02) via <see cref="AdoptNegotiatedMaxMessageBytes"/>,
+    /// before the message loop starts. Not mutated afterwards, so the single-threaded handshake write
+    /// is safe for the reader/writer that share this instance.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int MaxMessageBytes { get; private set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Adopts the gateway-negotiated frame maximum conveyed in <c>GatewayHello.max_frame_bytes</c>
+    /// (IPC-02). A value of 0 (an older gateway that never set the field) is ignored and the
+    /// constructor default is kept. A value above <see cref="MaxNegotiableFrameBytes"/> is rejected.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="negotiatedMaxFrameBytes">The gateway-negotiated maximum, or 0 for "keep default".</param>
+    internal void AdoptNegotiatedMaxMessageBytes(uint negotiatedMaxFrameBytes)
+    {
+        if (negotiatedMaxFrameBytes == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (negotiatedMaxFrameBytes > MaxNegotiableFrameBytes)
+        {
+            throw new WorkerFrameProtocolException(
+                WorkerFrameProtocolErrorCode.InvalidConfiguration,
+                $"GatewayHello negotiated frame maximum {negotiatedMaxFrameBytes} exceeds the worker ceiling "
+                + $"of {MaxNegotiableFrameBytes} bytes.");
+        }
+
+        MaxMessageBytes = (int)negotiatedMaxFrameBytes;
+    }
 }

src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker/Ipc/WorkerFrameWritePriority.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+namespace ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Ipc;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Relative scheduling priority for an outbound worker frame. The single writer task drains all
+/// pending <see cref="Control"/> frames before any <see cref="Event"/> frame, so a command reply,
+/// fault, heartbeat, or shutdown acknowledgement is not delayed behind a backlog of queued events
+/// (WRK-07). Priority only reorders the write; the frame sequence is stamped at actual write time,
+/// so the on-wire order and the envelope <c>Sequence</c> always agree (WRK-04).
+/// </summary>
+public enum WorkerFrameWritePriority
+{
+    /// <summary>Control-plane frame (hello, ready, command reply, heartbeat, fault, shutdown ack). Written ahead of events.</summary>
+    Control = 0,
+
+    /// <summary>Event frame. Written only when no control frame is pending.</summary>
+    Event = 1,
+}

src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker/Ipc/WorkerFrameWriter.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
@@ -7,12 +8,40 @@ using ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Contracts.Proto;
 
 namespace ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Ipc;
 
-/// <summary>Writes worker frames to a stream with length-prefixed protobuf serialization.</summary>
+/// <summary>
+/// Writes worker frames to a stream with length-prefixed protobuf serialization. Callers enqueue a
+/// frame at a <see cref="WorkerFrameWritePriority"/> and then contend for a single write lock; whoever
+/// holds the lock drains every queued frame, control frames first, so a reply, fault, or heartbeat is
+/// never delayed behind an event backlog (WRK-07). The envelope <c>Sequence</c> is stamped by the
+/// draining lock-holder at the moment of writing, so the on-wire order and the stamped sequence always
+/// agree even under concurrent callers and priority reordering (WRK-04).
+/// </summary>
 public sealed class WorkerFrameWriter
 {
+    private sealed class PendingFrame
+    {
+        public PendingFrame(WorkerEnvelope envelope)
+        {
+            Envelope = envelope;
+            Completion = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);
+        }
+
+        public WorkerEnvelope Envelope { get; }
+
+        public TaskCompletionSource<bool> Completion { get; }
+    }
+
     private readonly WorkerFrameProtocolOptions _options;
-    private readonly SemaphoreSlim _writeLock = new(1, 1);
+    private readonly SemaphoreSlim _writeLock = new SemaphoreSlim(1, 1);
     private readonly Stream _stream;
+    private readonly object _gate = new object();
+    private readonly Queue<PendingFrame> _controlFrames = new Queue<PendingFrame>();
+    private readonly Queue<PendingFrame> _eventFrames = new Queue<PendingFrame>();
+
+    // Only ever read/written by the current write-lock holder while draining, so no interlock is
+    // needed. Starts at 0 and is pre-incremented, so the first written frame carries sequence 1
+    // (matching the previous behaviour).
+    private ulong _nextSequence;
 
     /// <summary>Initializes a new instance of the WorkerFrameWriter class.</summary>
     /// <param name="stream">Stream to write frames to.</param>
@@ -25,12 +54,25 @@ public sealed class WorkerFrameWriter
         _options = options ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
     }
 
-    /// <summary>Writes a worker envelope frame to the stream with length prefix.</summary>
+    /// <summary>Writes a control-priority worker envelope frame to the stream with length prefix.</summary>
     /// <param name="envelope">Worker envelope to write.</param>
     /// <param name="cancellationToken">Token to cancel the asynchronous operation.</param>
-    /// <returns>A task that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+    /// <returns>A task that completes when the frame has been written and flushed.</returns>
+    public Task WriteAsync(
+        WorkerEnvelope envelope,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        return WriteAsync(envelope, WorkerFrameWritePriority.Control, cancellationToken);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Queues a worker envelope frame for writing at the given priority and drains the queue.</summary>
+    /// <param name="envelope">Worker envelope to write.</param>
+    /// <param name="priority">Scheduling priority; control frames are written ahead of event frames.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Token to cancel waiting for the write lock.</param>
+    /// <returns>A task that completes when the frame has been written and flushed.</returns>
     public async Task WriteAsync(
         WorkerEnvelope envelope,
+        WorkerFrameWritePriority priority,
         CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
     {
         if (envelope is null)
@@ -38,8 +80,120 @@ public sealed class WorkerFrameWriter
             throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(envelope));
         }
 
+        PendingFrame frame = new PendingFrame(envelope);
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (priority == WorkerFrameWritePriority.Event)
+            {
+                _eventFrames.Enqueue(frame);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _controlFrames.Enqueue(frame);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Contend for the single writer: whoever wins drains every currently-queued frame in priority
+        // order, so this frame is written by this call or by a concurrent caller that got the lock
+        // first. Either way it completes via its own TaskCompletionSource.
+        await _writeLock.WaitAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        try
+        {
+            await DrainQueuedFramesAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _writeLock.Release();
+        }
+
+        await frame.Completion.Task.ConfigureAwait(false);
+    }
+
+    // Runs only under _writeLock. Drains control frames before event frames, stamping and writing each.
+    // The stream write itself is not cancellable: a frame is written atomically or fails, never left
+    // half-written on the pipe because a caller gave up waiting.
+    private async Task DrainQueuedFramesAsync()
+    {
+        while (true)
+        {
+            PendingFrame? frame = DequeueNext();
+            if (frame is null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                await WriteFrameAsync(frame.Envelope).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                frame.Completion.TrySetResult(true);
+            }
+            catch (WorkerFrameProtocolException exception) when (IsPerFrameRejection(exception))
+            {
+                // Validation, empty-payload, and oversized-frame errors are specific to this frame and
+                // do not damage the stream; fail only this frame and keep draining the rest.
+                frame.Completion.TrySetException(exception);
+            }
+            catch (Exception exception)
+            {
+                // A stream write/flush failure means the pipe is broken; fail this frame and every frame
+                // still queued so no caller awaits forever, then stop draining.
+                frame.Completion.TrySetException(exception);
+                FailAllQueued(exception);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsPerFrameRejection(WorkerFrameProtocolException exception)
+    {
+        return exception.ErrorCode is WorkerFrameProtocolErrorCode.InvalidEnvelope
+            or WorkerFrameProtocolErrorCode.MessageTooLarge
+            or WorkerFrameProtocolErrorCode.ProtocolVersionMismatch
+            or WorkerFrameProtocolErrorCode.SessionMismatch;
+    }
+
+    private PendingFrame? DequeueNext()
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_controlFrames.Count > 0)
+            {
+                return _controlFrames.Dequeue();
+            }
+
+            if (_eventFrames.Count > 0)
+            {
+                return _eventFrames.Dequeue();
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void FailAllQueued(Exception exception)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            while (_controlFrames.Count > 0)
+            {
+                _controlFrames.Dequeue().Completion.TrySetException(exception);
+            }
+
+            while (_eventFrames.Count > 0)
+            {
+                _eventFrames.Dequeue().Completion.TrySetException(exception);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async Task WriteFrameAsync(WorkerEnvelope envelope)
+    {
         WorkerEnvelopeValidator.Validate(envelope, _options);
 
+        // Stamp the sequence at the actual point of writing, under the write lock, so the wire order
+        // and the stamped sequence agree regardless of caller concurrency or priority (WRK-04).
+        envelope.Sequence = unchecked(++_nextSequence);
+
         int payloadLength = envelope.CalculateSize();
         if (payloadLength == 0)
         {
@@ -55,26 +209,16 @@ public sealed class WorkerFrameWriter
                 $"Worker envelope payload length {payloadLength} exceeds the configured maximum of {_options.MaxMessageBytes} bytes.");
         }
 
-        // Serialize once into a single buffer that carries the 4-byte
+        // Serialize once into a single buffer that carries the 4-byte length prefix followed by the
-        // length prefix followed by the payload, then issue one stream write.
+        // payload, then issue one stream write. This avoids a second serialization pass, a separate
-        // This avoids a second serialization pass (envelope.ToByteArray()
+        // prefix array, and a separate prefix write.
-        // would re-run CalculateSize internally), a separate prefix array,
-        // and a separate prefix write.
         int frameLength = sizeof(uint) + payloadLength;
         byte[] frame = new byte[frameLength];
         WriteUInt32LittleEndian(frame, (uint)payloadLength);
         envelope.WriteTo(new Span<byte>(frame, sizeof(uint), payloadLength));
 
-        await _writeLock.WaitAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        await _stream.WriteAsync(frame, 0, frameLength, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
-        try
+        await _stream.FlushAsync(CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
-        {
-            await _stream.WriteAsync(frame, 0, frameLength, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
-            await _stream.FlushAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            _writeLock.Release();
-        }
     }
 
     private static void WriteUInt32LittleEndian(

src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker/Ipc/WorkerPipeSession.cs

@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@ public sealed class WorkerPipeSession
     private static readonly TimeSpan BackgroundTaskStopTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);
     private const uint EventDrainBatchSize = 128;
 
+    // Hard cap on how many events a single DrainEvents diagnostic reply may carry. DrainEvents is a
+    // non-streaming control command, so an unbounded drain (including the max_events = 0 "as many as
+    // available" request) could pack the whole queue into one session-killing reply frame (IPC-04).
+    // The gateway request validator rejects requests above its public ceiling; this worker-side cap is
+    // the backstop and defines the effective per-reply maximum. Kept in step with that public ceiling.
+    private const uint MaxDrainEventsPerReply = 10_000;
+
     private readonly WorkerFrameProtocolOptions _options;
     private readonly Func<int> _processIdProvider;
     private readonly Func<IWorkerRuntimeSession> _runtimeSessionFactory;
@@ -28,7 +35,6 @@ public sealed class WorkerPipeSession
     private readonly object _commandTaskGate = new();
     private readonly HashSet<Task> _activeCommandTasks = new();
     private IWorkerRuntimeSession? _runtimeSession;
-    private long _nextSequence;
 
     // Mutated from the message loop, command tasks, the heartbeat loop and the
     // shutdown path; volatile so cross-thread reads observe the latest state
@@ -225,6 +231,12 @@ public sealed class WorkerPipeSession
                 WorkerFrameProtocolErrorCode.NonceMismatch,
                 "GatewayHello nonce does not match the worker launch nonce.");
         }
+
+        // Adopt the gateway-negotiated frame maximum so both ends frame to the same limit instead of
+        // matched compile-time defaults (IPC-02). Applied here, before the message loop, so every
+        // post-handshake frame is validated against the negotiated value; the reader and writer share
+        // this options instance. The hello frame itself was small and already read under the default.
+        _options.AdoptNegotiatedMaxMessageBytes(gatewayHello.MaxFrameBytes);
     }
 
     private Task WriteWorkerHelloAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -361,8 +373,11 @@ public sealed class WorkerPipeSession
 
             foreach (WorkerEvent workerEvent in events)
             {
+                // Events are the low-priority frame class: the writer holds them behind any pending
+                // control frame (reply, fault, heartbeat, shutdown ack) so those are not delayed
+                // behind an event backlog (WRK-07).
                 await _writer
-                    .WriteAsync(CreateEnvelope(workerEvent), cancellationToken)
+                    .WriteAsync(CreateEnvelope(workerEvent), WorkerFrameWritePriority.Event, cancellationToken)
                     .ConfigureAwait(false);
             }
         }
@@ -527,7 +542,12 @@ public sealed class WorkerPipeSession
         IWorkerRuntimeSession? runtimeSession = _runtimeSession;
         if (runtimeSession is not null)
         {
-            uint maxEvents = command.DrainEvents?.MaxEvents ?? 0;
+            // Bound the diagnostic drain so max_events = 0 ("as many as available") or an over-large
+            // request cannot pack the whole queue into one session-killing reply frame (IPC-04).
+            uint requested = command.DrainEvents?.MaxEvents ?? 0;
+            uint maxEvents = requested == 0 || requested > MaxDrainEventsPerReply
+                ? MaxDrainEventsPerReply
+                : requested;
             foreach (WorkerEvent workerEvent in runtimeSession.DrainEvents(maxEvents))
             {
                 if (workerEvent.Event is not null)
@@ -1004,19 +1024,16 @@ public sealed class WorkerPipeSession
 
     private WorkerEnvelope CreateBaseEnvelope()
     {
+        // Sequence is deliberately left unset here: the frame writer stamps it at the actual point of
+        // writing, under its single drain task, so the on-wire order and the stamped sequence agree
+        // even under concurrent producers and priority reordering (WRK-04).
         return new WorkerEnvelope
         {
             ProtocolVersion = _options.ProtocolVersion,
             SessionId = _options.SessionId,
-            Sequence = NextSequence(),
         };
     }
 
-    private ulong NextSequence()
-    {
-        return unchecked((ulong)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextSequence));
-    }
-
     private async Task<WorkerReady> InitializeMxAccessAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
     {
         // RunAsync constructs the runtime session via _runtimeSessionFactory()