wwtools/mbproxy/tests/Mbproxy.Tests/Configuration/HotReloadE2ETests.cs

using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text.Json;
using Mbproxy;
using Mbproxy.Configuration;
using Mbproxy.Proxy;
using Mbproxy.Proxy.Supervision;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Serilog;
using Serilog.Core;
using Serilog.Events;
using Shouldly;
using Xunit;

namespace Mbproxy.Tests.Configuration;

/// <summary>
/// End-to-end hot-reload tests. Each test:
/// <list type="number">
///   <item>Writes a temp appsettings.json file.</item>
///   <item>Builds a real host that reads it with <c>reloadOnChange: true</c>.</item>
///   <item>Mutates the file and waits for the reconciler to apply the change.</item>
///   <item>Asserts the running state reflects the new config.</item>
/// </list>
///
/// These tests do NOT require the pymodbus simulator because they use
/// <see cref="NoopPduPipeline"/> and loopback-only sockets.
/// </summary>
[Trait("Category", "E2E")]
public sealed class HotReloadE2ETests : IAsyncLifetime
{
    // ── Helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    private static int PickFreePort()
    {
        var l = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Loopback, 0);
        l.Start();
        int port = ((IPEndPoint)l.LocalEndpoint).Port;
        l.Stop();
        return port;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Writes a minimal appsettings.json with the given PLC entries and optional global
    /// BCD tags. Uses JSON rather than the raw config API so that
    /// <c>Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json</c> / <see cref="FileSystemWatcher"/>
    /// pick up the change exactly as they would in production.
    /// </summary>
    private static void WriteConfig(
        string path,
        IEnumerable<(string name, int listenPort)> plcs,
        IEnumerable<(int addr, int width)>? globalBcdTags = null,
        int adminPort = 8080)
    {
        var plcArr = plcs.Select((p, i) => new
        {
            Name       = p.name,
            ListenPort = p.listenPort,
            Host       = "127.0.0.1",
            Port       = 502,
        }).ToArray();

        var globalArr = (globalBcdTags ?? []).Select(t => new { Address = t.addr, Width = t.width }).ToArray();

        var doc = new
        {
            Mbproxy = new
            {
                AdminPort = adminPort,
                BcdTags = new { Global = globalArr },
                Plcs = plcArr,
                Connection = new { BackendConnectTimeoutMs = 500, BackendRequestTimeoutMs = 500 },
            },
        };

        // Write to a temp path then rename-replace, which is the exact pattern that causes
        // FileSystemWatcher to fire 2-3 times and exercises the debounce.
        string tmp = path + ".tmp";
        File.WriteAllText(tmp, JsonSerializer.Serialize(doc, new JsonSerializerOptions { WriteIndented = true }));
        File.Move(tmp, path, overwrite: true);
    }

    /// <summary>Waits up to <paramref name="timeout"/> for <paramref name="predicate"/> to become true.</summary>
    private static async Task WaitForAsync(Func<bool> predicate, TimeSpan timeout, string failMessage)
    {
        using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(timeout);
        while (!predicate() && !cts.IsCancellationRequested)
            await Task.Delay(50, cts.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);

        predicate().ShouldBeTrue(failMessage);
    }

    private IHost BuildHost(string configPath, ILogEventSink? logSink = null)
    {
        var logger = logSink is not null
            ? new LoggerConfiguration()
                .MinimumLevel.Information()
                .WriteTo.Sink(logSink)
                .CreateLogger()
            : new LoggerConfiguration().MinimumLevel.Fatal().CreateLogger();

        var builder = Host.CreateApplicationBuilder();

        // Wire the JSON file with reloadOnChange: true (the production pattern).
        builder.Configuration.Sources.Clear();
        builder.Configuration.AddJsonFile(configPath, optional: false, reloadOnChange: true);

        builder.Services.AddSerilog(logger, dispose: false);
        builder.AddMbproxyOptions();
        builder.Services.AddSingleton<IPduPipeline, NoopPduPipeline>();
        builder.Services.AddHostedService<ProxyWorker>();

        return builder.Build();
    }

    // Temp config file path, unique per test run to avoid collisions.
    private string _configPath = "";

    public ValueTask InitializeAsync()
    {
        _configPath = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), $"mbproxy_test_{Guid.NewGuid():N}.json");
        return ValueTask.CompletedTask;
    }

    public ValueTask DisposeAsync()
    {
        try { File.Delete(_configPath); } catch { /* best effort */ }
        return ValueTask.CompletedTask;
    }

    // ── E2E 1: Add a PLC at runtime → new listener binds ─────────────────────────────────

    [Fact(Timeout = 5_000)]
    public async Task E2E_AddPlcAtRuntime_NewListenerBinds_AndIsReachable()
    {
        int portA = PickFreePort();
        int portB = PickFreePort();

        // Start the host with only PLC-A.
        WriteConfig(_configPath, [("PLC-A", portA)]);

        using var host = BuildHost(_configPath);
        using var startCts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
        await host.StartAsync(startCts.Token);

        // Wait for PLC-A to bind.
        await WaitForAsync(
            () => CanConnect(portA),
            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),
            "PLC-A listener should be reachable after startup");

        // Add PLC-B by rewriting the config file.
        WriteConfig(_configPath, [("PLC-A", portA), ("PLC-B", portB)]);

        // Wait up to 3 s for the new listener to appear.
        await WaitForAsync(
            () => CanConnect(portB),
            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3),
            "PLC-B listener should bind within 3 s of config reload");

        using var stopCts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
        await host.StopAsync(stopCts.Token);
    }

    // ── E2E 2: Remove a PLC at runtime → port closes ─────────────────────────────────────

    // Timeout 10 s: this test does 5 s startup-wait + 3 s reload-wait + cleanup. The
    // hot-reload propagation window needs the headroom; tightening to 5 s causes flakes.
    [Fact(Timeout = 10_000)]
    public async Task E2E_RemovePlcAtRuntime_ClosesUpstreamConnections()
    {
        int portA = PickFreePort();
        int portB = PickFreePort();

        // Start with both PLCs.
        WriteConfig(_configPath, [("PLC-A", portA), ("PLC-B", portB)]);

        using var host = BuildHost(_configPath);
        using var startCts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
        await host.StartAsync(startCts.Token);

        // Wait for both listeners.
        await WaitForAsync(
            () => CanConnect(portA) && CanConnect(portB),
            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),
            "Both PLC-A and PLC-B should bind at startup");

        // Remove PLC-B.
        WriteConfig(_configPath, [("PLC-A", portA)]);

        // Wait up to 3 s for PLC-B's port to close.
        await WaitForAsync(
            () => !CanConnect(portB),
            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3),
            "PLC-B port should stop accepting connections after removal");

        // PLC-A must still work.
        CanConnect(portA).ShouldBeTrue("PLC-A listener must remain bound");

        using var stopCts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
        await host.StopAsync(stopCts.Token);
    }

    // ── E2E 3: Global BCD tag list change → reseat without restart ────────────────────────

    [Fact(Timeout = 5_000)]
    public async Task E2E_ChangeGlobalBcdTagList_RewriteReflectsImmediately()
    {
        // This test verifies that after a global tag list change, the supervisor for
        // the PLC is reseated (new context) without being restarted.
        // We check by reading the reconciler's applied count.

        int portA = PickFreePort();

        WriteConfig(_configPath, [("PLC-A", portA)], globalBcdTags: []);

        var sink = new HotReloadCapturingSink();
        using var host = BuildHost(_configPath, logSink: sink);
        using var startCts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
        await host.StartAsync(startCts.Token);

        await WaitForAsync(
            () => CanConnect(portA),
            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),
            "PLC-A should bind at startup");

        var counters = host.Services.GetRequiredService<ServiceCounters>();
        int beforeCount = counters.ReloadAppliedCount;

        // Add a global BCD tag → should trigger a reseat (not a restart).
        WriteConfig(_configPath, [("PLC-A", portA)], globalBcdTags: [(1072, 16)]);

        // Wait for the reconciler to apply.
        await WaitForAsync(
            () => counters.ReloadAppliedCount > beforeCount,
            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3),
            "ReloadAppliedCount should increment after config change");

        // Give Serilog a small window to flush the log event through the pipeline
        // into the capturing sink (Serilog dispatch is synchronous on this path, but
        // the CapturingSink enqueue happens on whatever thread ApplyAsync ran on).
        await Task.Delay(100, TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);

        // Verify the reload.applied event was logged.
        await WaitForAsync(
            () => sink.Events.Any(e => e.MessageTemplate.Text.Contains("Config reload applied")),
            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),
            "mbproxy.config.reload.applied must be logged");
        var appliedEvents = sink.Events
            .Where(e => e.MessageTemplate.Text.Contains("Config reload applied"))
            .ToList();
        appliedEvents.ShouldNotBeEmpty("mbproxy.config.reload.applied must be logged");

        // PLC-A must still be bound (reseat does not restart).
        CanConnect(portA).ShouldBeTrue("PLC-A must remain bound after reseat");

        using var stopCts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
        await host.StopAsync(stopCts.Token);
    }

    // ── E2E 4: Invalid reload → does not mutate running state ────────────────────────────

    [Fact(Timeout = 5_000)]
    public async Task E2E_InvalidReload_DoesNotMutateRunningState()
    {
        int portA = PickFreePort();
        int portB = PickFreePort();

        WriteConfig(_configPath, [("PLC-A", portA)]);

        var sink = new HotReloadCapturingSink();
        using var host = BuildHost(_configPath, logSink: sink);
        using var startCts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
        await host.StartAsync(startCts.Token);

        await WaitForAsync(
            () => CanConnect(portA),
            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),
            "PLC-A should bind at startup");

        var counters = host.Services.GetRequiredService<ServiceCounters>();

        // Write a BROKEN config: both PLCs on the same port → duplicate ListenPort error.
        WriteConfig(_configPath, [("PLC-A", portA), ("PLC-B", portA)]);

        // Wait for the rejected event.
        await WaitForAsync(
            () => counters.ReloadRejectedCount >= 1,
            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3),
            "ReloadRejectedCount should increment for invalid config");

        // Wait for the log event to propagate into the capturing sink.
        await WaitForAsync(
            () => sink.Events.Any(e =>
                e.Level == LogEventLevel.Error &&
                e.MessageTemplate.Text.Contains("Config reload rejected")),
            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),
            "mbproxy.config.reload.rejected must be logged");

        // Verify the reload.rejected event was logged.
        var rejectedEvents = sink.Events
            .Where(e => e.Level == LogEventLevel.Error &&
                        e.MessageTemplate.Text.Contains("Config reload rejected"))
            .ToList();
        rejectedEvents.ShouldNotBeEmpty("mbproxy.config.reload.rejected must be logged");

        // Host must still be running with old config.
        CanConnect(portA).ShouldBeTrue("PLC-A must remain bound after rejected reload");

        // PLC-B must NOT have been added (rejected = no partial apply).
        CanConnect(portB).ShouldBeFalse("PLC-B must not have been added after rejection");

        // Applied count must not have changed.
        counters.ReloadAppliedCount.ShouldBe(0, "No reload should have been applied");

        using var stopCts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
        await host.StopAsync(stopCts.Token);
    }

    // ── Phase 12 (W3 test gap) — cache flush on tag-list reload ─────────────────────────

    /// <summary>
    /// W2.8 / W3 — verifies that a tag-list reload for a PLC with a cacheable tag emits
    /// <c>mbproxy.cache.flushed</c>. The cache count is 0 (no real backend to populate
    /// it), but the event must still fire — it's the operator's signal that the in-memory
    /// cache state was reset by a config reload.
    /// </summary>
    [Fact(Timeout = 8_000)]
    public async Task E2E_TagListReload_OnCacheablePlc_EmitsCacheFlushedEvent()
    {
        int port      = PickFreePort();
        int adminPort = PickFreePort();

        WriteConfigWithCacheableTag(_configPath, port, adminPort, address: 1024, cacheTtlMs: 60_000);

        var sink = new HotReloadCapturingSink();
        using var host = BuildHost(_configPath, logSink: sink);
        using var startCts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
        await host.StartAsync(startCts.Token);
        await WaitForAsync(() => CanConnect(port), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),
            "listener should be reachable after startup");

        // Mutate the tag list (different address, still cacheable) — this is a Reseat,
        // not an Add/Remove, so ReplaceContextAsync runs and the cache flush fires.
        WriteConfigWithCacheableTag(_configPath, port, adminPort, address: 1080, cacheTtlMs: 60_000);

        // First confirm the reconciler actually applied the reload at all — gives a clearer
        // failure mode than a bare timeout if Reseat isn't firing.
        await WaitForAsync(
            () => sink.Events.Any(e => e.MessageTemplate.Text.Contains("Config reload applied")),
            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),
            "Config reload applied must fire first; verifies reconciler picked up the change");

        await WaitForAsync(
            () => sink.Events.Any(e => e.MessageTemplate.Text.Contains("Cache flushed")),
            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),
            "expected mbproxy.cache.flushed after tag-list reload on a cacheable PLC");

        using var stopCts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
        await host.StopAsync(stopCts.Token);
    }

    private static void WriteConfigWithCacheableTag(
        string path, int listenPort, int adminPort, int address, int cacheTtlMs)
    {
        var doc = new
        {
            Mbproxy = new
            {
                AdminPort  = adminPort,
                BcdTags    = new { Global = new[] { new { Address = address, Width = 16, CacheTtlMs = cacheTtlMs } } },
                Plcs       = new[] { new { Name = "PLC-A", ListenPort = listenPort, Host = "127.0.0.1", Port = 502 } },
                Connection = new { BackendConnectTimeoutMs = 500, BackendRequestTimeoutMs = 500 },
            },
        };
        string tmp = path + ".tmp";
        File.WriteAllText(tmp, JsonSerializer.Serialize(doc, new JsonSerializerOptions { WriteIndented = true }));
        File.Move(tmp, path, overwrite: true);
    }

    // ── Helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    private static bool CanConnect(int port)
    {
        try
        {
            using var c = new TcpClient();
            c.Connect("127.0.0.1", port);
            return true;
        }
        catch
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

/// <summary>Serilog <see cref="ILogEventSink"/> that stores events for assertion (hot-reload tests).</summary>
internal sealed class HotReloadCapturingSink : ILogEventSink
{
    private readonly ConcurrentQueue<LogEvent> _events = new();
    public IEnumerable<LogEvent> Events => _events;
    public void Emit(LogEvent logEvent) => _events.Enqueue(logEvent);
}