diff --git a/dotnet/src/ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server/JetStream/RaftTypes.Snapshots.cs b/dotnet/src/ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server/JetStream/RaftTypes.Snapshots.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0654335
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet/src/ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server/JetStream/RaftTypes.Snapshots.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+// Copyright 2012-2026 The NATS Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+
+namespace ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server;
+
+internal sealed partial class Raft
+{
+    private const string SnapshotFilePrefix = "snap";
+    private const string SnapshotFileSuffix = ".bin";
+    private const int SnapshotHeaderLength = 20;
+    private const int SnapshotChecksumLength = 8;
+
+    internal byte[] EncodeSnapshot(Snapshot? snap)
+    {
+        if (snap is null)
+        {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        var peerStateLength = snap.PeerState.Length;
+        var dataLength = snap.Data.Length;
+        var payloadLength = SnapshotHeaderLength + peerStateLength + dataLength;
+        var buffer = new byte[payloadLength + SnapshotChecksumLength];
+
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(buffer.AsSpan(0, 8), snap.LastTerm);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(buffer.AsSpan(8, 8), snap.LastIndex);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(buffer.AsSpan(16, 4), (uint)peerStateLength);
+
+        var writeOffset = SnapshotHeaderLength;
+        snap.PeerState.CopyTo(buffer, writeOffset);
+        writeOffset += peerStateLength;
+        snap.Data.CopyTo(buffer, writeOffset);
+
+        var checksum = SHA256.HashData(buffer.AsSpan(0, payloadLength));
+        checksum.AsSpan(0, SnapshotChecksumLength).CopyTo(buffer.AsSpan(payloadLength, SnapshotChecksumLength));
+        return buffer;
+    }
+
+    internal Exception? InstallSnapshotInternal(Snapshot snap)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(snap);
+
+        try
+        {
+            var snapshotsDirectory = GetSnapshotsDirectory();
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(snapshotsDirectory);
+
+            var newSnapshotFile = Path.Combine(snapshotsDirectory, FormatSnapshotFileName(snap.LastTerm, snap.LastIndex));
+            File.WriteAllBytes(newSnapshotFile, EncodeSnapshot(snap));
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(SnapFile) &&
+                !string.Equals(SnapFile, newSnapshotFile, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+                File.Exists(SnapFile))
+            {
+                File.Delete(SnapFile);
+            }
+
+            SnapFile = newSnapshotFile;
+            PApplied = snap.LastIndex;
+            PIndex = snap.LastIndex;
+            PTerm = snap.LastTerm;
+            Commit = Math.Max(Commit, snap.LastIndex);
+            WalBytes = (ulong)(new FileInfo(newSnapshotFile).Length);
+            return null;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            return ex;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Snapshotting = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal Checkpoint? CreateSnapshotCheckpointLocked(bool force)
+    {
+        if (State() == RaftState.Closed)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (Snapshotting)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (!force && Progress_ is { Count: > 0 })
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (Applied_ == 0)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        Snapshotting = true;
+        var snapshotFile = Path.Combine(GetSnapshotsDirectory(), FormatSnapshotFileName(Term_, Applied_));
+        return new Checkpoint
+        {
+            Node = this,
+            Term = Term_,
+            Applied = Applied_,
+            PApplied = PApplied,
+            SnapFile = snapshotFile,
+            PeerState = [.. Wps],
+        };
+    }
+
+    internal (ulong Term, ulong Index, Exception? Error) TermAndIndexFromSnapFile(string snapFileName)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(snapFileName))
+        {
+            return (0, 0, new InvalidOperationException("bad snapshot file name"));
+        }
+
+        var fileName = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(snapFileName);
+        var segments = fileName.Split('-', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries | StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries);
+        if (segments.Length != 3 || !string.Equals(segments[0], SnapshotFilePrefix, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            return (0, 0, new InvalidOperationException("bad snapshot file name"));
+        }
+
+        if (!ulong.TryParse(segments[1], out var term) || !ulong.TryParse(segments[2], out var index))
+        {
+            return (0, 0, new InvalidOperationException("bad snapshot file name"));
+        }
+
+        return (term, index, null);
+    }
+
+    internal Exception? SetupLastSnapshot()
+    {
+        var snapshotDirectory = GetSnapshotsDirectory();
+        if (!Directory.Exists(snapshotDirectory))
+        {
+            return new InvalidOperationException("no snapshot available");
+        }
+
+        var snapshotFiles = Directory.GetFiles(snapshotDirectory, $"*{SnapshotFileSuffix}");
+        if (snapshotFiles.Length == 0)
+        {
+            return new InvalidOperationException("no snapshot available");
+        }
+
+        ulong latestTerm = 0;
+        ulong latestIndex = 0;
+        string? latestSnapshot = null;
+        foreach (var candidate in snapshotFiles)
+        {
+            var (term, index, parseError) = TermAndIndexFromSnapFile(candidate);
+            if (parseError is not null)
+            {
+                File.Delete(candidate);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (term > latestTerm || (term == latestTerm && index > latestIndex))
+            {
+                latestTerm = term;
+                latestIndex = index;
+                latestSnapshot = candidate;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (latestSnapshot is null)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        SnapFile = latestSnapshot;
+        var (snapshot, loadError) = LoadLastSnapshot();
+        if (loadError is not null || snapshot is null)
+        {
+            return loadError;
+        }
+
+        PIndex = snapshot.LastIndex;
+        PTerm = snapshot.LastTerm;
+        Commit = snapshot.LastIndex;
+        PApplied = snapshot.LastIndex;
+        Wps = [.. snapshot.PeerState];
+
+        foreach (var oldFile in snapshotFiles)
+        {
+            if (!string.Equals(oldFile, latestSnapshot, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                File.Delete(oldFile);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    internal (Snapshot? Snapshot, Exception? Error) LoadLastSnapshot()
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(SnapFile))
+        {
+            return (null, new InvalidOperationException("no snapshot available"));
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            var buffer = File.ReadAllBytes(SnapFile);
+            if (buffer.Length < SnapshotHeaderLength + SnapshotChecksumLength)
+            {
+                return (null, new InvalidOperationException("snapshot corrupt"));
+            }
+
+            var payloadLength = buffer.Length - SnapshotChecksumLength;
+            var expectedChecksum = buffer.AsSpan(payloadLength, SnapshotChecksumLength);
+            var computedChecksum = SHA256.HashData(buffer.AsSpan(0, payloadLength));
+            if (!expectedChecksum.SequenceEqual(computedChecksum.AsSpan(0, SnapshotChecksumLength)))
+            {
+                return (null, new InvalidOperationException("snapshot corrupt"));
+            }
+
+            var term = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt64LittleEndian(buffer.AsSpan(0, 8));
+            var index = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt64LittleEndian(buffer.AsSpan(8, 8));
+            var peerStateLength = (int)BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(buffer.AsSpan(16, 4));
+            if (SnapshotHeaderLength + peerStateLength > payloadLength)
+            {
+                return (null, new InvalidOperationException("snapshot corrupt"));
+            }
+
+            var peerState = buffer.AsSpan(SnapshotHeaderLength, peerStateLength).ToArray();
+            var data = buffer.AsSpan(SnapshotHeaderLength + peerStateLength, payloadLength - SnapshotHeaderLength - peerStateLength).ToArray();
+            if (index == 0)
+            {
+                File.Delete(SnapFile);
+                SnapFile = string.Empty;
+                return (null, null);
+            }
+
+            return (new Snapshot
+            {
+                LastTerm = term,
+                LastIndex = index,
+                PeerState = peerState,
+                Data = data,
+            }, null);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            return (null, ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal void StepdownLocked(string newLeader)
+    {
+        StateValue = (int)RaftState.Follower;
+        LeaderId = newLeader;
+        Lsut = DateTime.UtcNow;
+    }
+
+    internal bool IsCatchingUp() => Catchup is not null;
+
+    internal bool IsCurrent(bool includeForwardProgress = false)
+    {
+        if (State() == RaftState.Closed || Commit == 0 || Catchup is not null)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (Paused && HCommit > Commit)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (Commit == Applied_)
+        {
+            HcBehind = false;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (!includeForwardProgress)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var startDelta = Commit > Applied_ ? Commit - Applied_ : 0;
+        return startDelta <= 1;
+    }
+
+    internal string SelectNextLeader()
+    {
+        var nextLeader = string.Empty;
+        ulong highestIndex = 0;
+        foreach (var (peer, peerState) in Peers_)
+        {
+            if (string.Equals(peer, Id, StringComparison.Ordinal) || peerState.Li <= highestIndex)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            nextLeader = peer;
+            highestIndex = peerState.Li;
+        }
+
+        return nextLeader;
+    }
+
+    internal TimeSpan RandCampaignTimeout()
+    {
+        var min = 150;
+        var max = 300;
+        var delta = Random.Shared.Next(min, max);
+        return TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(delta);
+    }
+
+    internal Exception? CampaignInternal(TimeSpan electionTimeout)
+    {
+        _ = electionTimeout;
+        if (State() == RaftState.Leader)
+        {
+            return new InvalidOperationException("already leader");
+        }
+
+        Campaign();
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    internal Exception? XferCampaign()
+    {
+        if (State() == RaftState.Leader)
+        {
+            Lxfer = false;
+            return new InvalidOperationException("already leader");
+        }
+
+        Lxfer = true;
+        Campaign();
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    internal void UpdateKnownPeersLocked(IReadOnlyList<string> knownPeers)
+    {
+        ProposeKnownPeers(knownPeers);
+    }
+
+    private string GetSnapshotsDirectory()
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(StoreDir))
+        {
+            StoreDir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "natsnet-raft");
+        }
+
+        return Path.Combine(StoreDir, "snapshots");
+    }
+
+    private static string FormatSnapshotFileName(ulong term, ulong index) =>
+        $"{SnapshotFilePrefix}-{term:D20}-{index:D20}{SnapshotFileSuffix}";
+}
diff --git a/dotnet/tests/ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server.Tests/JetStream/RaftNodeCoreTests.cs b/dotnet/tests/ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server.Tests/JetStream/RaftNodeCoreTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5fb5f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet/tests/ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server.Tests/JetStream/RaftNodeCoreTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Copyright 2012-2026 The NATS Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+using Shouldly;
+
+namespace ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server.Tests.JetStream;
+
+public sealed class RaftNodeCoreTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void SnapshotHelpers_WhenEncodedAndLoaded_ShouldRoundTrip()
+    {
+        var storeDir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), $"raft-node-core-{Guid.NewGuid():N}");
+        var raft = new Raft
+        {
+            StoreDir = storeDir,
+            Term_ = 3,
+            Applied_ = 9,
+            PApplied = 7,
+            Wps = [1, 2, 3],
+        };
+
+        try
+        {
+            var checkpoint = raft.CreateSnapshotCheckpointLocked(force: true);
+            checkpoint.ShouldNotBeNull();
+
+            var snapshot = new Snapshot
+            {
+                LastTerm = 3,
+                LastIndex = 9,
+                PeerState = [7, 8],
+                Data = [9, 10, 11],
+            };
+
+            raft.InstallSnapshotInternal(snapshot).ShouldBeNull();
+            var (loaded, error) = raft.LoadLastSnapshot();
+            error.ShouldBeNull();
+            loaded.ShouldNotBeNull();
+            loaded!.LastTerm.ShouldBe(3UL);
+            loaded.LastIndex.ShouldBe(9UL);
+            loaded.PeerState.ShouldBe([7, 8]);
+            loaded.Data.ShouldBe([9, 10, 11]);
+
+            raft.SetupLastSnapshot().ShouldBeNull();
+            raft.PIndex.ShouldBe(9UL);
+            raft.PTerm.ShouldBe(3UL);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            if (Directory.Exists(storeDir))
+            {
+                Directory.Delete(storeDir, recursive: true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void LeadershipHelpers_WhenSteppingDownAndSelectingLeader_ShouldUpdateState()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft
+        {
+            Id = "N1",
+            StateValue = (int)RaftState.Candidate,
+            Peers_ = new Dictionary<string, Lps>
+            {
+                ["N2"] = new() { Li = 3 },
+                ["N3"] = new() { Li = 7 },
+            },
+        };
+
+        raft.StepdownLocked("N3");
+        raft.State().ShouldBe(RaftState.Follower);
+        raft.LeaderId.ShouldBe("N3");
+        raft.SelectNextLeader().ShouldBe("N3");
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void CampaignHelpers_WhenLeaderOrFollower_ShouldReturnExpectedOutcome()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft
+        {
+            StateValue = (int)RaftState.Leader,
+        };
+
+        raft.CampaignInternal(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(200)).ShouldNotBeNull();
+        raft.XferCampaign().ShouldNotBeNull();
+
+        raft.StateValue = (int)RaftState.Follower;
+        raft.CampaignInternal(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(200)).ShouldBeNull();
+        raft.State().ShouldBe(RaftState.Candidate);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ProgressHelpers_WhenCatchupAndKnownPeersChange_ShouldTrackFlags()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft
+        {
+            Commit = 10,
+            Applied_ = 8,
+            Catchup = new CatchupState(),
+        };
+
+        raft.IsCatchingUp().ShouldBeTrue();
+        raft.IsCurrent(includeForwardProgress: true).ShouldBeFalse();
+        raft.Catchup = null;
+        raft.UpdateKnownPeersLocked(["N2", "N3"]);
+        raft.Peers_.Count.ShouldBe(2);
+        raft.RandCampaignTimeout().ShouldBeGreaterThan(TimeSpan.Zero);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/porting.db b/porting.db
index cfae808..69aae47 100644
Binary files a/porting.db and b/porting.db differ