diff --git a/dotnet/tests/ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server.Tests/ImplBacklog/RaftNodeTests.Impltests.cs b/dotnet/tests/ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server.Tests/ImplBacklog/RaftNodeTests.Impltests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b38726b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet/tests/ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server.Tests/ImplBacklog/RaftNodeTests.Impltests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// Copyright 2012-2026 The NATS Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+using Shouldly;
+
+namespace ZB.MOM.NatsNet.Server.Tests.ImplBacklog;
+
+public sealed class RaftNodeTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGAppendEntryEncode_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft();
+        var ae = raft.NewAppendEntry("N1", 2, 1, 1, 0, [raft.NewEntry(EntryType.EntryNormal, [1])]);
+        var enc = ae.Encode();
+        enc.Length.ShouldBeGreaterThan(0);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGAppendEntryDecode_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft();
+        var ae = raft.NewAppendEntry("N1", 2, 1, 1, 0, [raft.NewEntry(EntryType.EntryNormal, [1])]);
+        var dec = raft.DecodeAppendEntry(ae.Encode());
+        dec.Leader.ShouldBe("N1");
+        dec.TermV.ShouldBe(2UL);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGInlineStepdown_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft { StateValue = (int)RaftState.Leader };
+        raft.StepdownLocked("N2");
+        raft.State().ShouldBe(RaftState.Follower);
+        raft.LeaderId.ShouldBe("N2");
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGAEFromOldLeader_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft { Term_ = 4 };
+        var ae = raft.NewAppendEntry("L1", 3, 1, 2, 0, []);
+        raft.ProcessAppendEntries(ae);
+        raft.Term_.ShouldBe(4UL);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGLeaderTransfer_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft { StateValue = (int)RaftState.Follower };
+        raft.XferCampaign().ShouldBeNull();
+        raft.State().ShouldBe(RaftState.Candidate);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGHeartbeatOnLeaderChange_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft { StateValue = (int)RaftState.Follower };
+        raft.RunAsLeader();
+        raft.Leader().ShouldBeTrue();
+        raft.LeadChangeC().ShouldNotBeNull();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGElectionTimerAfterObserver_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft { StateValue = (int)RaftState.Follower };
+        raft.SetObserverInternal(true);
+        raft.ResetElectionTimeout();
+        raft.Elect.ShouldNotBeNull();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGRemoveLeaderPeerDeadlockBug_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft { Id = "N1", StateValue = (int)RaftState.Leader };
+        raft.ProposeRemovePeer("N2");
+        raft.MembershipChangeInProgress().ShouldBeTrue();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGPendingAppendEntryCacheInvalidation_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft { GroupName = "RG" };
+        var ae = raft.NewAppendEntry("N1", 1, 1, 0, 0, [raft.NewEntry(EntryType.EntryNormal, [1])]);
+        raft.ProcessAppendEntries(ae);
+        raft.LoadFirstEntry().ShouldNotBeNull();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGVoteResponseEncoding_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft();
+        var vr = new VoteResponse { TermV = 2, Peer = "N1", Granted = true };
+        var decoded = raft.DecodeVoteResponse(vr.Encode());
+        decoded.Peer.ShouldBe("N1");
+        decoded.Granted.ShouldBeTrue();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGProposeRemovePeer_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft { PIndex = 5 };
+        raft.ProposeRemovePeer("N2");
+        raft.Removed.ContainsKey("N2").ShouldBeTrue();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGProposeRemovePeerConcurrent_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft { PIndex = 10 };
+        Parallel.For(0, 4, i => raft.ProposeRemovePeer($"N{i}"));
+        raft.Removed.Count.ShouldBeGreaterThan(0);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGProposeRemovePeerQuorum_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft { Qn = 2, Csz = 3 };
+        raft.ProposeRemovePeer("N2");
+        raft.ClusterSize().ShouldBe(1);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGProposeRemovePeerLeader_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft { Id = "N1", StateValue = (int)RaftState.Leader };
+        raft.ProposeRemovePeer("N2");
+        raft.State().ShouldBe(RaftState.Leader);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGProposeRemovePeerAll_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft();
+        raft.ProposeRemovePeer("N2");
+        raft.ProposeRemovePeer("N3");
+        raft.Removed.Count.ShouldBe(2);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGLeaderResurrectsRemovedPeers_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft();
+        raft.ProposeRemovePeer("N2");
+        raft.ProposeAddPeer("N2");
+        raft.Peers_.ContainsKey("N2").ShouldBeTrue();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGAddPeers_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft();
+        raft.AddPeer("N2");
+        raft.AddPeer("N3");
+        raft.Peers_.Count.ShouldBe(2);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGDisjointMajorities_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft
+        {
+            Qn = 3,
+            Peers_ = new Dictionary<string, Lps>
+            {
+                ["N2"] = new() { Ts = DateTime.UtcNow },
+                ["N3"] = new() { Ts = DateTime.UtcNow },
+            },
+        };
+        raft.LostQuorum().ShouldBeFalse();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NRGSingleNodeElection_ShouldSucceed()
+    {
+        var raft = new Raft { Csz = 1, Qn = 1, StateValue = (int)RaftState.Follower };
+        raft.CampaignInternal(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(10)).ShouldBeNull();
+        raft.State().ShouldBe(RaftState.Candidate);
+    }
+}
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