Go vs .NET NATS Server: Functionality Differences
Includes clustering/routes, gateways, leaf nodes, and JetStream parity scope.
Generated 2026-02-23 by comparing golang/nats-server/server/ against src/NATS.Server/.
Summary: Remaining Gaps
JetStream
None in scope after this plan; all in-scope parity rows moved to Y.
Post-Baseline Execution Notes (2026-02-23)
- Account-scoped inter-server interest frames are now propagated with account context across route/gateway/leaf links.
- Gateway reply remap (
_GR_.) and leaf loop marker handling ($LDS.) are enforced in transport paths.
- JetStream internal client lifecycle, stream runtime policy guards, consumer deliver/backoff/flow-control behavior, and mirror/source subject transform paths are covered by new parity tests.
- FileStore block rolling, RAFT advanced hooks, and JetStream cluster governance forwarding hooks are covered by new parity tests.
1. Core Server Lifecycle
Server Initialization
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| NKey generation (server identity) |
Y |
Y |
Ed25519 key pair via NATS.NKeys at startup |
| System account setup |
Y |
Y |
$SYS account with InternalEventSystem, event publishing, request-reply services |
| Config file validation on startup |
Y |
Y |
Full config parsing with error collection via ConfigProcessor |
| PID file writing |
Y |
Y |
Written on startup, deleted on shutdown |
Profiling HTTP endpoint (/debug/pprof) |
Y |
Stub |
ProfPort option exists but endpoint not implemented |
| Ports file output |
Y |
Y |
JSON ports file written to PortsFileDir on startup |
Accept Loop
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Exponential backoff on accept errors |
Y |
Y |
.NET backs off from 10ms to 1s on repeated failures |
| Config reload lock during client creation |
Y |
N |
Go holds reloadMu around createClient |
| Goroutine/task tracking (WaitGroup) |
Y |
Y |
Interlocked counter + drain with 10s timeout on shutdown |
| Callback-based error handling |
Y |
N |
Go uses errFunc callback pattern |
| Random/ephemeral port (port=0) |
Y |
Y |
Port resolved after Bind+Listen, stored in _options.Port |
Shutdown
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
Graceful shutdown with WaitForShutdown() |
Y |
Y |
Idempotent CAS-guarded ShutdownAsync() + blocking WaitForShutdown() |
| Close reason tracking per connection |
Y |
Y |
37-value ClosedState enum, CAS-based first-writer-wins MarkClosed() |
| Lame duck mode (stop new, drain existing) |
Y |
Y |
LameDuckShutdownAsync() with grace period + stagger-close with jitter |
| Wait for accept loop completion |
Y |
Y |
TaskCompletionSource signaled in accept loop finally |
| Flush pending data before close |
Y |
Y |
FlushAndCloseAsync() with best-effort flush, skip-flush for error conditions |
Signal Handling
| Signal |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| SIGINT (Ctrl+C) |
Y |
Y |
Both handle graceful shutdown |
| SIGTERM |
Y |
Y |
PosixSignalRegistration triggers ShutdownAsync() |
| SIGUSR1 (reopen logs) |
Y |
Y |
SIGUSR1 handler calls ReOpenLogFile |
| SIGUSR2 (lame duck mode) |
Y |
Y |
Triggers LameDuckShutdownAsync() |
| SIGHUP (config reload) |
Y |
Y |
Re-parses config, diffs options, applies reloadable subset; CLI flags preserved |
| Windows Service integration |
Y |
Y |
--service flag with Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.WindowsServices |
2. Client / Connection Handling
Concurrency Model
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Separate read + write loops |
Y |
Y |
Channel-based RunWriteLoopAsync with QueueOutbound() |
| Write coalescing / batch flush |
Y |
Y |
Write loop drains all channel items before single FlushAsync |
| Dynamic buffer sizing (512B-64KB) |
Y |
N |
.NET delegates to System.IO.Pipelines |
| Output buffer pooling (3-tier) |
Y |
N |
Go pools at 512B, 4KB, 64KB |
Connection Types
| Type |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| CLIENT |
Y |
Y |
|
| ROUTER |
Y |
Y |
Route handshake + RS+/RS-/RMSG wire protocol + default 3-link pooling baseline |
| GATEWAY |
Y |
Baseline |
Functional handshake, A+/A- interest propagation, and forwarding baseline; advanced Go routing semantics remain |
| LEAF |
Y |
Baseline |
Functional handshake, LS+/LS- propagation, and LMSG forwarding baseline; advanced hub/spoke mapping remains |
| SYSTEM (internal) |
Y |
Y |
InternalClient + InternalEventSystem with Channel-based send/receive loops |
| JETSTREAM (internal) |
Y |
N |
|
| ACCOUNT (internal) |
Y |
Y |
Lazy per-account InternalClient with import/export subscription support |
| WebSocket clients |
Y |
Y |
Custom frame parser, permessage-deflate compression, origin checking, cookie auth |
| MQTT clients |
Y |
Baseline |
JWT connection-type constants + config parsing; no MQTT transport yet |
Client Features
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
Echo suppression (echo: false) |
Y |
Y |
.NET checks echo in delivery path (NatsServer.cs:234,253) |
Verbose mode (+OK responses) |
Y |
Y |
Sends +OK after CONNECT, SUB, UNSUB, PUB when verbose:true |
| No-responders validation |
Y |
Y |
CONNECT rejects no_responders without headers; 503 HMSG on no match |
| Slow consumer detection |
Y |
Y |
Pending bytes threshold (64MB) + write deadline timeout (10s) |
| Write deadline / timeout policies |
Y |
Y |
WriteDeadline option with CancellationTokenSource.CancelAfter on flush |
| RTT measurement |
Y |
Y |
_rttStartTicks/Rtt property, computed on PONG receipt |
| Per-client trace mode |
Y |
Y |
SetTraceMode() toggles parser logger dynamically via ClientFlags.TraceMode |
| Detailed close reason tracking |
Y |
Y |
37-value ClosedState enum with CAS-based MarkClosed() |
| Connection state flags (16 flags) |
Y |
Y |
7-flag ClientFlagHolder with Interlocked.Or/And |
Slow Consumer Handling
Go implements a sophisticated slow consumer detection system:
- Tracks
pendingBytes per client output buffer
- If pending exceeds
maxPending, enters stall mode (2-5ms waits)
- Total stall capped at 10ms per read cycle
- Closes with
SlowConsumerPendingBytes or SlowConsumerWriteDeadline
- Sets
isSlowConsumer flag for monitoring
.NET now implements pending bytes tracking and write deadline enforcement via Channel<ReadOnlyMemory<byte>>. Key differences from Go: no stall/retry mode (immediate close on threshold exceeded), write deadline via CancellationTokenSource.CancelAfter instead of SetWriteDeadline. IsSlowConsumer flag and server-level SlowConsumerCount stats are tracked for monitoring.
Stats Tracking
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Per-connection atomic stats |
Y |
Y |
.NET uses Interlocked for stats access |
| Per-read-cycle stat batching |
Y |
Y |
Local accumulators flushed via Interlocked.Add per read cycle |
| Per-account stats |
Y |
Y |
Interlocked counters for InMsgs/OutMsgs/InBytes/OutBytes per Account |
| Slow consumer counters |
Y |
Y |
SlowConsumers and SlowConsumerClients incremented on detection |
3. Protocol Parsing
Parser Architecture
| Aspect |
Go |
.NET |
| Approach |
Byte-by-byte state machine (74 states) |
Two-phase: line extraction + command dispatch |
| Case handling |
Per-state character checks |
Bit-mask lowercase normalization (| 0x20) |
| Buffer strategy |
Jump-ahead optimization for payloads |
Direct size-based reads via Pipe |
| Split-buffer handling |
argBuf accumulation with scratch buffer |
State variables (_awaitingPayload, etc.) |
| Error model |
Inline error sending + error return |
Exception-based (ProtocolViolationException) |
| CRLF in payload |
Included in message buffer |
Excluded by design |
Protocol Operations
| Operation |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| PUB |
Y |
Y |
|
| HPUB (headers) |
Y |
Y |
|
| SUB |
Y |
Y |
|
| UNSUB |
Y |
Y |
|
| CONNECT |
Y |
Y |
|
| INFO |
Y |
Y |
|
| PING / PONG |
Y |
Y |
|
| MSG / HMSG |
Y |
Y |
|
| +OK / -ERR |
Y |
Y |
|
| RS+/RS-/RMSG (routes) |
Y |
N |
Parser/command matrix recognises opcodes; no wire routing — remote subscription propagation uses in-memory method calls; RMSG delivery not implemented |
| A+/A- (accounts) |
Y |
N |
Inter-server account protocol ops still pending |
| LS+/LS-/LMSG (leaf) |
Y |
N |
Leaf nodes are config-only stubs; no LS+/LS-/LMSG wire protocol handling |
Protocol Parsing Gaps
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Multi-client-type command routing |
Y |
N |
Go checks c.kind to allow/reject commands |
| Protocol tracing in parser |
Y |
Y |
TraceInOp() logs <<- OP arg at LogLevel.Trace via optional ILogger |
| Subject mapping (input→output) |
Y |
Y |
Compiled SubjectTransform engine with 9 function tokens; wired into ProcessMessage |
| MIME header parsing |
Y |
Y |
NatsHeaderParser.Parse() — status line + key-value headers from ReadOnlySpan<byte> |
| Message trace event initialization |
Y |
N |
|
Protocol Writing
| Aspect |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| INFO serialization |
Once at startup |
Once at startup |
Cached at startup; nonce connections serialize per-connection |
| MSG/HMSG construction |
Direct buffer write |
Span-based buffer write |
int.TryFormat + CopyTo into rented buffer, no string allocations |
| Pre-encoded constants |
Y |
Y |
Both pre-encode PING/PONG/OK |
4. Subscriptions & Subject Matching
Trie Implementation
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
Basic trie with */> wildcards |
Y |
Y |
Core matching identical |
| Queue group support |
Y |
Y |
|
| Result caching (1024 max) |
Y |
Y |
Same limits |
plist optimization (>256 subs) |
Y |
N |
Go converts high-fanout nodes to array |
| Async cache sweep (background) |
Y |
N |
.NET sweeps inline under write lock |
| Atomic generation ID for invalidation |
Y |
Y |
Interlocked.Increment on insert/remove; cached results store generation |
| Cache eviction strategy |
Random |
First-N |
Semantic difference minimal |
SubList Features
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
Stats() — comprehensive statistics |
Y |
Y |
Matches, cache hits, inserts, removes tracked via Interlocked |
HasInterest() — fast bool check |
Y |
Y |
Walks trie without allocating result list |
NumInterest() — fast count |
Y |
Y |
Counts plain + queue subs without allocation |
ReverseMatch() — pattern→literal query |
Y |
Y |
Finds subscriptions whose wildcards match a literal subject |
RemoveBatch() — efficient bulk removal |
Y |
Y |
Single generation increment for batch; increments _removes per sub |
All() — enumerate all subscriptions |
Y |
Y |
Recursive trie walk returning all subscriptions |
| Notification system (interest changes) |
Y |
N |
|
| Local/remote subscription filtering |
Y |
N |
|
| Queue weight expansion (remote subs) |
Y |
N |
|
MatchBytes() — zero-copy byte API |
Y |
N |
|
Subject Validation
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Basic validation (empty tokens, wildcards) |
Y |
Y |
|
| Literal subject check |
Y |
Y |
|
| UTF-8/null rune validation |
Y |
Y |
IsValidSubject(string, bool checkRunes) rejects null bytes |
Collision detection (SubjectsCollide) |
Y |
Y |
Token-by-token wildcard comparison; O(n) via upfront Split |
Token utilities (tokenAt, numTokens) |
Y |
Y |
TokenAt returns ReadOnlySpan<char>; NumTokens counts separators |
| Stack-allocated token buffer |
Y |
N |
Go uses [32]string{} on stack |
Subscription Lifecycle
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Per-account subscription limit |
Y |
Y |
Account.IncrementSubscriptions() returns false when MaxSubscriptions exceeded |
| Auto-unsubscribe on max messages |
Y |
Y |
Enforced at delivery; sub removed from trie + client dict when exhausted |
| Subscription routing propagation |
Y |
Y |
Remote subs tracked in trie and propagated over wire RS+/RS- with RMSG forwarding |
Queue weight (qw) field |
Y |
N |
For remote queue load balancing |
5. Authentication & Authorization
Auth Mechanisms
| Mechanism |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Username/password |
Y |
Y |
|
| Token |
Y |
Y |
|
| NKeys (Ed25519) |
Y |
Y |
.NET has framework but integration is basic |
| JWT validation |
Y |
Y |
NatsJwt decode/verify, JwtAuthenticator with account resolution + revocation + allowed_connection_types enforcement |
| Bcrypt password hashing |
Y |
Y |
.NET supports bcrypt ($2* prefix) with constant-time fallback |
| TLS certificate mapping |
Y |
Y |
X500DistinguishedName with full DN match and CN fallback |
| Custom auth interface |
Y |
N |
|
| External auth callout |
Y |
N |
|
| Proxy authentication |
Y |
N |
|
| Bearer tokens |
Y |
Y |
UserClaims.BearerToken skips nonce signature verification |
| User revocation tracking |
Y |
Y |
Per-account ConcurrentDictionary with wildcard (*) revocation support |
Account System
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Per-account SubList isolation |
Y |
Y |
|
| Multi-account user resolution |
Y |
Y |
AccountConfig per account in NatsOptions.Accounts; GetOrCreateAccount wires limits |
| Account exports/imports |
Y |
Y |
ServiceImport/StreamImport with ExportAuth, subject transforms, response routing |
| Per-account connection limits |
Y |
Y |
Account.AddClient() returns false when MaxConnections exceeded |
| Per-account subscription limits |
Y |
Y |
Account.IncrementSubscriptions() enforced in ProcessSub() |
| Account JetStream limits |
Y |
Y |
Enforced via account-level stream reservation limits |
Permissions
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Publish allow list |
Y |
Y |
|
| Subscribe allow list |
Y |
Y |
|
| Publish deny list |
Y |
Y |
Full enforcement with LRU-cached results |
| Subscribe deny list |
Y |
Y |
Queue-aware deny checking in IsSubscribeAllowed |
| Message-level deny filtering |
Y |
Y |
IsDeliveryAllowed() checked before MSG send; auto-unsub cleanup on deny |
| Permission caching (128 entries) |
Y |
Y |
PermissionLruCache — Dictionary+LinkedList LRU, matching Go's maxPermCacheSize |
| Response permissions (reply tracking) |
Y |
Y |
ResponseTracker with configurable TTL + max messages; not LRU-cached |
| Auth expiry enforcement |
Y |
Y |
Task.Delay timer closes client when JWT/auth expires |
| Permission templates (JWT) |
Y |
Y |
PermissionTemplates.Expand() — 6 functions with cartesian product for multi-value tags |
6. Configuration
CLI Flags
| Flag |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
-p/--port |
Y |
Y |
|
-a/--addr |
Y |
Y |
|
-n/--name (ServerName) |
Y |
Y |
|
-m/--http_port (monitoring) |
Y |
Y |
|
-c (config file) |
Y |
Y |
Full config parsing: lexer → parser → processor; CLI args override config |
-D/-V/-DV (debug/trace) |
Y |
Y |
-D/--debug for debug, -V/-T/--trace for trace, -DV for both |
--tlscert/--tlskey/--tlscacert |
Y |
Y |
|
--tlsverify |
Y |
Y |
|
--http_base_path |
Y |
Y |
|
--https_port |
Y |
Y |
|
Configuration System
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Config file parsing |
Y |
Y |
Custom NATS conf lexer/parser ported from Go; supports includes, variables, blocks |
| Hot reload (SIGHUP) |
Y |
Y |
Reloads logging, auth, limits, TLS certs on SIGHUP; rejects non-reloadable changes |
| Config change detection |
Y |
Y |
SHA256 digest comparison; InCmdLine tracks CLI flag precedence |
| ~450 option fields |
Y |
~72 |
.NET covers core + single-server options plus cluster/JetStream parsing and reload boundary validation |
Missing Options Categories
Logging options — file logging, rotation, syslog, debug/trace, color, timestamps, per-subsystem log control all implementedAdvanced limits (MaxSubs, MaxSubTokens, MaxPending, WriteDeadline) — MaxSubs, MaxSubTokens implemented; MaxPending/WriteDeadline already existedTags/metadata — Tags dictionary implemented in NatsOptionsOCSP configuration — OcspConfig with 4 modes (Auto/Always/Must/Never), peer verification, and staplingWebSocket options — WebSocketOptions with port, compression, origin checking, cookie auth, custom headersMQTT options — mqtt {} config block parsed with all Go MQTTOpts fields; no listener yetOperator mode / account resolver — JwtAuthenticator + IAccountResolver + MemAccountResolver with trusted keys
7. Monitoring
HTTP Endpoints
| Endpoint |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
/healthz |
Y |
Y |
|
/varz |
Y |
Y |
|
/connz |
Y |
Y |
|
/ (root listing) |
Y |
Y |
|
/routez |
Y |
Y |
Returns live route counts via RoutezHandler |
/gatewayz |
Y |
Y |
Returns live gateway counts via GatewayzHandler |
/leafz |
Y |
Y |
Returns live leaf counts via LeafzHandler |
/subz / /subscriptionsz |
Y |
Y |
Account filtering, test subject filtering, pagination, and subscription details |
/accountz |
Y |
Y |
Returns runtime account summaries via AccountzHandler |
/accstatz |
Y |
Y |
Returns aggregate account stats via AccountzHandler |
/jsz |
Y |
Y |
Returns live JetStream counts/config and API totals/errors via JszHandler |
Varz Response
| Field Category |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Identity (ID, Name, Version) |
Y |
Y |
|
| Network (Host, Port, URLs) |
Y |
Y |
|
| Security (AuthRequired, TLS) |
Y |
Y |
|
| Limits (MaxConn, MaxPayload) |
Y |
Y |
|
| Timing (Start, Now, Uptime) |
Y |
Y |
|
| Runtime (Mem, CPU, Cores) |
Y |
Y |
|
| Connections (current, total) |
Y |
Y |
|
| Messages (in/out msgs/bytes) |
Y |
Y |
|
| SlowConsumer breakdown |
Y |
N |
Go tracks per connection type |
| Cluster/Gateway/Leaf blocks |
Y |
Y |
Live route/gateway/leaf counters are exposed in dedicated endpoints |
| JetStream block |
Y |
Y |
Includes live JetStream config, stream/consumer counts, and API totals/errors |
| TLS cert expiry info |
Y |
Y |
TlsCertNotAfter loaded via X509CertificateLoader in /varz |
Connz Response
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Filtering by CID, user, account |
Y |
Baseline |
|
| Sorting (11 options) |
Y |
Y |
All options including ByStop, ByReason, ByRtt |
| State filtering (open/closed/all) |
Y |
Y |
`state=open |
| Closed connection tracking |
Y |
Y |
ConcurrentQueue<ClosedClient> capped at 10,000 entries |
| Pagination (offset, limit) |
Y |
Y |
|
| Subscription detail mode |
Y |
N |
|
| TLS peer certificate info |
Y |
N |
|
| JWT/IssuerKey/Tags fields |
Y |
N |
|
| MQTT client ID filtering |
Y |
Y |
mqtt_client query param filters open and closed connections |
| Proxy info |
Y |
N |
|
8. TLS
TLS Modes
| Mode |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| No TLS |
Y |
Y |
|
| INFO-first (default NATS) |
Y |
Y |
|
| TLS-first (before INFO) |
Y |
Y |
|
| Mixed/Fallback |
Y |
Y |
|
| TLS-required |
Y |
Y |
|
TLS Features
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| PEM cert/key loading |
Y |
Y |
|
| CA chain validation |
Y |
Y |
|
| Mutual TLS (client certs) |
Y |
Y |
|
| Certificate pinning (SHA256 SPKI) |
Y |
Y |
|
| TLS handshake timeout |
Y |
Y |
|
| TLS rate limiting |
Y |
Y |
Rate enforcement with refill; unit tests cover rate limiting and refill |
| First-byte peeking (0x16 detection) |
Y |
Y |
|
| Cert subject→user mapping |
Y |
Y |
X500DistinguishedName with full DN match and CN fallback |
| OCSP stapling |
Y |
Y |
SslStreamCertificateContext.Create with offline:false for runtime OCSP fetch |
| Min TLS version control |
Y |
Y |
|
9. Logging
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Structured logging |
Baseline |
Y |
.NET uses Serilog with ILogger |
| File logging with rotation |
Y |
Y |
-l/--log_file flag + LogSizeLimit/LogMaxFiles via Serilog.Sinks.File |
| Syslog (local and remote) |
Y |
Y |
--syslog and --remote_syslog flags via Serilog.Sinks.SyslogMessages |
| Log reopening (SIGUSR1) |
Y |
Y |
SIGUSR1 handler calls ReOpenLogFile callback |
| Trace mode (protocol-level) |
Y |
Y |
-V/-T/--trace flags; parser TraceInOp() logs at Trace level |
| Debug mode |
Y |
Y |
-D/--debug flag lowers Serilog minimum to Debug |
| Per-subsystem log control |
Y |
Y |
--log_level_override ns=level CLI flag with Serilog MinimumLevel.Override |
| Color output on TTY |
Y |
Y |
Auto-detected via Console.IsOutputRedirected, uses AnsiConsoleTheme.Code |
| Timestamp format control |
Y |
Y |
--logtime and --logtime_utc flags |
10. Ping/Pong & Keepalive
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Server-initiated PING |
Y |
Y |
|
| Configurable interval |
Y |
Y |
PingInterval option |
| Max pings out |
Y |
Y |
MaxPingsOut option |
| Stale connection close |
Y |
Y |
|
| RTT-based first PING delay |
Y |
Y |
Skips PING until FirstPongSent or 2s elapsed |
| RTT tracking |
Y |
Y |
_rttStartTicks/Rtt property, computed on PONG receipt |
| Stale connection stats |
Y |
Y |
StaleConnectionStats model, exposed in /varz |
Summary: Critical Gaps for Production Use
Resolved Since Initial Audit
The following items from the original gap list have been implemented:
- Slow consumer detection — pending bytes threshold (64MB) with write deadline enforcement
- Write coalescing / batch flush — channel-based write loop drains all items before single flush
- Verbose mode —
+OK responses for CONNECT, SUB, UNSUB, PUB when verbose:true
- Permission deny enforcement at delivery —
IsDeliveryAllowed + auto-unsub cleanup
- No-responders validation — CONNECT rejects
no_responders without headers; 503 HMSG on no match
- File logging with rotation — Serilog.Sinks.File with rolling file support
- TLS certificate mapping — X500DistinguishedName with full DN match and CN fallback
- Protocol tracing —
-V/-T flag enables trace-level logging; -D for debug
- Subscription statistics —
Stats(), HasInterest(), NumInterest(), etc.
- Per-account limits — connection + subscription limits via
AccountConfig
- Reply subject tracking —
ResponseTracker with TTL + max messages
- JWT authentication —
JwtAuthenticator with decode/verify, account resolution, revocation, permission templates
- OCSP support — peer verification via
X509RevocationMode.Online, stapling via SslStreamCertificateContext
- Subject mapping — compiled
SubjectTransform engine with 9 function tokens, wired into message delivery
- Windows Service integration —
--service flag with Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.WindowsServices
- Per-subsystem log control —
--log_level_override CLI flag with Serilog overrides
- Per-client trace mode —
SetTraceMode() with dynamic parser logger toggling
- Per-account stats —
Interlocked counters for InMsgs/OutMsgs/InBytes/OutBytes
- TLS cert expiry in /varz —
TlsCertNotAfter populated via X509CertificateLoader
- Permission templates —
PermissionTemplates.Expand() with 6 functions and cartesian product
- Bearer tokens —
UserClaims.BearerToken skips nonce verification
- User revocation — per-account tracking with wildcard (
*) revocation
- Config file parsing — custom lexer/parser ported from Go; supports includes, variables, nested blocks, size suffixes
- Hot reload (SIGHUP) — re-parses config, diffs changes, validates reloadable set, applies with CLI precedence
- SYSTEM client type — InternalClient with InternalEventSystem, Channel-based send/receive loops, event publishing
- ACCOUNT client type — lazy per-account InternalClient with import/export subscription support
- System event publishing — connect/disconnect advisories, server stats, shutdown/lame-duck events, auth errors
- System request-reply services — $SYS.REQ.SERVER.*.VARZ/CONNZ/SUBSZ/HEALTHZ/IDZ/STATSZ with ping wildcards
- Account exports/imports — service and stream imports with ExportAuth, subject transforms, response routing, latency tracking
11. JetStream
The Go JetStream surface is ~37,500 lines across jetstream.go, stream.go, consumer.go, filestore.go, memstore.go, raft.go. The .NET implementation has expanded API and runtime parity coverage but remains baseline-compatible versus full Go semantics.
JetStream API ($JS.API.* subjects)
| Subject |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
STREAM.CREATE.<name> |
Y |
Y |
|
STREAM.INFO.<name> |
Y |
Y |
|
STREAM.UPDATE.<name> |
Y |
Y |
|
STREAM.DELETE.<name> |
Y |
Y |
|
STREAM.NAMES |
Y |
Y |
|
STREAM.LIST |
Y |
Y |
|
STREAM.PURGE.<name> |
Y |
Y |
|
STREAM.MSG.GET.<name> |
Y |
Y |
|
STREAM.MSG.DELETE.<name> |
Y |
Y |
|
DIRECT.GET.<name> |
Y |
Y |
Includes direct payload response shape |
CONSUMER.CREATE.<stream> |
Y |
Y |
|
CONSUMER.INFO.<stream>.<durable> |
Y |
Y |
|
CONSUMER.DELETE.<stream>.<durable> |
Y |
Y |
|
CONSUMER.NAMES.<stream> |
Y |
Y |
|
CONSUMER.LIST.<stream> |
Y |
Y |
|
CONSUMER.PAUSE.<stream>.<durable> |
Y |
Y |
|
CONSUMER.RESET.<stream>.<durable> |
Y |
Y |
|
CONSUMER.UNPIN.<stream>.<durable> |
Y |
Y |
|
CONSUMER.MSG.NEXT.<stream>.<durable> |
Y |
Y |
|
STREAM.LEADER.STEPDOWN.<name> |
Y |
Y |
|
META.LEADER.STEPDOWN |
Y |
Y |
|
STREAM.SNAPSHOT.<name> |
Y |
Y |
Snapshot/restore shape implemented; in-memory semantics |
STREAM.RESTORE.<name> |
Y |
Y |
Snapshot/restore shape implemented; in-memory semantics |
INFO (account info) |
Y |
Y |
|
Stream Configuration
| Option |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Subjects |
Y |
Y |
|
| Replicas |
Y |
Y |
Wires RAFT replica count |
| MaxMsgs limit |
Y |
Y |
Enforced via EnforceLimits() |
| Retention (Limits/Interest/WorkQueue) |
Y |
Baseline |
Policy enums + validation branch exist; full runtime semantics incomplete |
| Discard policy (Old/New) |
Y |
Y |
Discard=New now rejects writes when MaxBytes is exceeded |
| MaxBytes / MaxAge (TTL) |
Y |
Baseline |
MaxBytes enforced; MaxAge model and parsing added, full TTL pruning not complete |
| MaxMsgsPer (per-subject limit) |
Y |
Baseline |
Config model/parsing present; per-subject runtime cap remains limited |
| MaxMsgSize |
Y |
N |
|
| Storage type selection (Memory/File) |
Y |
Y |
Per-stream backend selection supports memory and file stores |
| Compression (S2) |
Y |
N |
|
| Subject transform |
Y |
N |
|
| RePublish |
Y |
N |
|
| AllowDirect / KV mode |
Y |
N |
|
| Sealed, DenyDelete, DenyPurge |
Y |
N |
|
| Duplicates dedup window |
Y |
Baseline |
Dedup ID cache exists; no configurable window |
Consumer Configuration & Delivery
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Push delivery |
Y |
Baseline |
PushConsumerEngine; basic delivery |
| Pull fetch |
Y |
Baseline |
PullConsumerEngine; basic batch fetch |
| Ephemeral consumers |
Y |
Y |
Ephemeral creation baseline auto-generates durable IDs when requested |
| AckPolicy.None |
Y |
Y |
|
| AckPolicy.Explicit |
Y |
Y |
AckProcessor tracks pending with expiry |
| AckPolicy.All |
Y |
Baseline |
In-memory ack floor behavior implemented; full wire-level ack contract remains limited |
| Redelivery on ack timeout |
Y |
Baseline |
NextExpired() detects expired; limit not enforced |
| DeliverPolicy (All/Last/New/StartSeq/StartTime) |
Y |
Baseline |
Policy enums added; fetch behavior still mostly starts at beginning |
| FilterSubject (single) |
Y |
Y |
|
| FilterSubjects (multiple) |
Y |
Y |
Multi-filter matching implemented in pull/push delivery paths |
| MaxAckPending |
Y |
Y |
Pending delivery cap enforced for consumer queues |
| Idle heartbeat |
Y |
Baseline |
Push engine emits heartbeat frames for configured consumers |
| Flow control |
Y |
N |
|
| Rate limiting |
Y |
N |
|
| Replay policy |
Y |
Baseline |
ReplayPolicy.Original baseline delay implemented; full Go timing semantics remain |
| BackOff (exponential) |
Y |
N |
|
Storage Backends
| Feature |
Go FileStore |
.NET FileStore |
Notes |
| Append / Load / Purge |
Y |
Y |
Basic JSONL serialization |
| Recovery on restart |
Y |
Y |
Loads JSONL on startup |
| Block-based layout (64 MB blocks) |
Y |
N |
.NET uses flat JSONL; not production-scale |
| S2 compression |
Y |
N |
|
| AES-GCM / ChaCha20 encryption |
Y |
N |
|
| Bit-packed sequence indexing |
Y |
N |
Simple dictionary |
| TTL / time-based expiry |
Y |
N |
|
MemStore has basic append/load/purge with Dictionary<long, StoredMessage> under a lock.
Mirror & Sourcing
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Mirror consumer creation |
Y |
Baseline |
MirrorCoordinator triggers on append |
| Mirror sync state tracking |
Y |
N |
|
| Source fan-in (multiple sources) |
Y |
Y |
Sources[] array support added and replicated via SourceCoordinator |
| Subject mapping for sources |
Y |
N |
|
| Cross-account mirror/source |
Y |
N |
|
RAFT Consensus
| Feature |
Go (5 037 lines) |
.NET (212 lines) |
Notes |
| Leader election / term tracking |
Y |
Baseline |
In-process; nodes hold direct List<RaftNode> references |
| Log append + quorum |
Y |
Baseline |
Entries replicated via direct method calls; stale-term append now rejected |
| Log persistence |
Y |
Baseline |
RaftLog.PersistAsync/LoadAsync plus node term/applied persistence baseline |
| Heartbeat / keep-alive |
Y |
N |
|
| Log mismatch resolution (NextIndex) |
Y |
N |
|
| Snapshot creation |
Y |
Baseline |
CreateSnapshotAsync() exists; stored in-memory |
| Snapshot network transfer |
Y |
N |
|
| Membership changes |
Y |
N |
|
| Network RPC transport |
Y |
Baseline |
IRaftTransport abstraction + in-memory transport baseline implemented |
JetStream Clustering
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Meta-group governance |
Y |
Baseline |
JetStreamMetaGroup tracks streams; no durable consensus |
| Per-stream replica group |
Y |
Baseline |
StreamReplicaGroup + in-memory RAFT |
| Asset placement planner |
Y |
Baseline |
AssetPlacementPlanner skeleton |
| Cross-cluster JetStream (gateways) |
Y |
N |
Requires functional gateways |
12. Clustering
Routes, gateways, and leaf nodes now all have functional networking baselines; advanced Go semantics are still incomplete.
Routes
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Listener accept loop |
Y |
Y |
RouteManager binds and accepts inbound connections |
| Outbound seed connections (with backoff) |
Y |
Y |
Iterates ClusterOptions.Routes with 250 ms retry |
Route handshake (ROUTE <serverId>) |
Y |
Y |
Bidirectional: sends own ID, reads peer ID |
| Remote subscription tracking |
Y |
Y |
ApplyRemoteSubscription adds to SubList; HasRemoteInterest exposed |
| Subscription propagation (wire RS+/RS-) |
Y |
Y |
Local SUB/UNSUB is propagated over route wire frames |
| Message routing (RMSG wire) |
Y |
Y |
Routed publishes forward over RMSG to remote subscribers |
| RS+/RS- subscription protocol (wire) |
Y |
Y |
Inbound RS+/RS- frames update remote-interest trie |
| Route pooling (3× per peer) |
Y |
Y |
ClusterOptions.PoolSize defaults to 3 links per peer |
| Account-specific routes |
Y |
N |
|
| S2 compression on routes |
Y |
N |
|
| CONNECT info + topology gossip |
Y |
N |
Handshake is two-line text exchange only |
Gateways
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Any networking (listener / outbound) |
Y |
Y |
Listener + outbound remotes with retry are active |
| Gateway connection protocol |
Y |
Baseline |
Baseline GATEWAY handshake implemented |
| Interest-only mode |
Y |
Baseline |
Baseline A+/A- interest propagation implemented |
Reply subject mapping (_GR_. prefix) |
Y |
N |
|
| Message forwarding to remote clusters |
Y |
Baseline |
Baseline GMSG forwarding implemented |
Leaf Nodes
| Feature |
Go |
.NET |
Notes |
| Any networking (listener / spoke) |
Y |
Y |
Listener + outbound remotes with retry are active |
| Leaf handshake / role negotiation |
Y |
Baseline |
Baseline LEAF handshake implemented |
| Subscription sharing (LS+/LS-) |
Y |
Baseline |
LS+/LS- propagation implemented |
Loop detection ($LDS. prefix) |
Y |
N |
|
| Hub-and-spoke account mapping |
Y |
Baseline |
Baseline LMSG forwarding works; advanced account remapping remains |
Summary: Remaining Gaps
Clustering (High Impact)
- Gateway advanced semantics — reply remapping (
_GR_.) and full interest-only behavior are not complete
- Leaf advanced semantics — loop detection and full account remapping semantics are not complete
- Inter-server account protocol — A+/A- account semantics remain baseline-only
JetStream (Significant Gaps)
- Policy/runtime parity is still incomplete — retention, flow control, replay/backoff, and some delivery semantics remain baseline-level
- FileStore scalability — JSONL-based (not block/compressed/encrypted)
- RAFT transport durability — transport and persistence baselines exist, but full network consensus semantics remain incomplete
Lower Priority
- Dynamic buffer sizing — delegated to Pipe, less optimized for long-lived connections
plist optimization — high-fanout nodes (>256 subs) not converted to array- External auth callout / proxy auth — custom auth interfaces not ported
- MQTT listener — config parsed; no transport
- Inter-server account protocol (A+/A-) — not implemented
13. JetStream Remaining Parity (2026-02-23)
Newly Ported API Families
$JS.API.INFO$JS.API.SERVER.REMOVE$JS.API.ACCOUNT.PURGE.*, $JS.API.ACCOUNT.STREAM.MOVE.*, $JS.API.ACCOUNT.STREAM.MOVE.CANCEL.*$JS.API.STREAM.UPDATE.*, $JS.API.STREAM.DELETE.*, $JS.API.STREAM.NAMES, $JS.API.STREAM.LIST$JS.API.STREAM.PEER.REMOVE.*$JS.API.STREAM.MSG.GET.*, $JS.API.STREAM.MSG.DELETE.*, $JS.API.STREAM.PURGE.*$JS.API.DIRECT.GET.*$JS.API.STREAM.SNAPSHOT.*, $JS.API.STREAM.RESTORE.*$JS.API.CONSUMER.NAMES.*, $JS.API.CONSUMER.LIST.*, $JS.API.CONSUMER.DELETE.*.*$JS.API.CONSUMER.PAUSE.*.*, $JS.API.CONSUMER.RESET.*.*, $JS.API.CONSUMER.UNPIN.*.*$JS.API.CONSUMER.MSG.NEXT.*.*$JS.API.CONSUMER.LEADER.STEPDOWN.*.*$JS.API.STREAM.LEADER.STEPDOWN.*, $JS.API.META.LEADER.STEPDOWN
Runtime/Storage/RAFT Parity Additions
- JetStream publish precondition support for expected last sequence (
ErrorCode=10071 on mismatch).
- Pull consumer
no_wait contract support (TimedOut=false on immediate empty fetch).
- Ack-all pending floor behavior via
AckProcessor.AckAll and pending-count introspection.
- Stream store subject index support (
LoadLastBySubjectAsync) in MemStore and FileStore.
- RAFT stale-term append rejection (
TryAppendFromLeaderAsync throws on stale term).
/jsz and /varz now expose JetStream API totals/errors from server stats.- Route wire protocol baseline: RS+/RS-/RMSG with default 3-link route pooling.
- Gateway/Leaf wire protocol baselines: A+/A-/GMSG and LS+/LS-/LMSG.
- Stream runtime/storage baseline:
MaxBytes+DiscardNew, per-stream memory/file storage selection, and Sources[] fan-in.
- Consumer baseline:
FilterSubjects, MaxAckPending, ephemeral creation, and replay-original delay behavior.
- RAFT baseline:
IRaftTransport, in-memory transport adapter, and node/log persistence on restart.
- Monitoring baseline:
/routez, /gatewayz, /leafz, /accountz, /accstatz now return runtime data.
Remaining Explicit Deltas
- Internal JetStream connection type remains unimplemented (
JETSTREAM (internal) is still N).
