natsdotnet/dottrace.md

dotTrace Command-Line Profiler

Installation

Installed as a .NET global tool:

dotnet tool install --global JetBrains.dotTrace.GlobalTools

Update to latest:

dotnet tool update --global JetBrains.dotTrace.GlobalTools

Current version: 2025.3.3

Quick Start

Profile the NATS server (sampling, 30 seconds)

dottrace start --framework=NetCore --profiling-type=Sampling \
  --timeout=30s --save-to=./snapshots/nats-sampling.dtp \
  -- dotnet run --project src/NATS.Server.Host -- -p 14222

Profile the NATS server (timeline, with async/TPL info)

dottrace start --framework=NetCore --profiling-type=Timeline \
  --timeout=30s --save-to=./snapshots/nats-timeline.dtt \
  -- dotnet run --project src/NATS.Server.Host -- -p 14222

Attach to a running server by PID

dottrace attach <PID> --profiling-type=Sampling \
  --timeout=30s --save-to=./snapshots/nats-attach.dtp

Attach by process name

dottrace attach NATS.Server.Host --profiling-type=Sampling \
  --timeout=30s --save-to=./snapshots/nats-attach.dtp

Profiling Types

Type	Flag	Snapshot Extension	Use Case
Sampling	--profiling-type=Sampling	.dtp	Low overhead, CPU hotspots (default)
Timeline	--profiling-type=Timeline	.dtt	Thread activity, async/await, TPL tasks
Tracing	--profiling-type=Tracing	.dtp	Exact call counts, higher overhead
Line-by-Line	--profiling-type=LineByLine	.dtp	Per-line timing (not available for attach)

Sampling options

# Use thread time instead of CPU instructions
--time-measurement=ThreadTime

# Default (CPU instruction count)
--time-measurement=CpuInstruction

Timeline options

# Disable TPL data collection for better performance
--disable-tpl

Common Options

Option	Description
--framework=NetCore	Required for .NET Core / .NET 5+ apps
--save-to=<path>	Snapshot output path (file or directory)
--overwrite	Overwrite existing snapshot files
--timeout=<duration>	Auto-stop after duration (e.g., 30s, 5m, 1h)
--propagate-exit-code	Return the profiled app's exit code instead of dotTrace's
--profile-child	Also profile child processes
--profile-child=<mask>	Profile matching child processes (e.g., dotnet)
--work-dir=<path>	Set working directory for the profiled app
--collect-data-from-start=off	Don't collect until explicitly started via service messages

Interactive Profiling with Service Messages

For fine-grained control over when data is collected, use --service-input=stdin:

dottrace start --framework=NetCore --service-input=stdin \
  --save-to=./snapshots/nats-interactive.dtp \
  -- dotnet run --project src/NATS.Server.Host -- -p 14222

Then type these commands into stdin (each must start on a new line and end with a carriage return):

Command	Effect
##dotTrace["start"]	Start collecting performance data
##dotTrace["get-snapshot"]	Save snapshot and stop collecting
##dotTrace["drop"]	Discard collected data and stop
##dotTrace["disconnect"]	Detach/stop profiler

Stdout will emit status messages like:

##dotTrace["ready"]
##dotTrace["connected", {pid: 1234, path:"dotnet"}]
##dotTrace["started", {pid: 1234, path:"dotnet"}]
##dotTrace["snapshot-saved", {pid: 1234, filename:"./snapshots/nats-interactive.dtp"}]

Example Workflows

Profile a benchmark run

dottrace start --framework=NetCore --profiling-type=Sampling \
  --save-to=./snapshots/bench.dtp \
  -- dotnet run --project tests/NATS.Server.Benchmarks -c Release

Profile tests

dottrace start --framework=NetCore --profiling-type=Sampling \
  --timeout=2m --save-to=./snapshots/tests.dtp \
  -- dotnet test tests/NATS.Server.Core.Tests --filter "FullyQualifiedName~PubSub"

Profile with child processes (e.g., server spawns workers)

dottrace start --framework=NetCore --profile-child \
  --timeout=30s --save-to=./snapshots/nats-children.dtp \
  -- dotnet run --project src/NATS.Server.Host

Exporting Reports

dotTrace's XML report tool (Reporter.exe) is Windows-only. On macOS, use dotnet-trace for profiling with exportable formats:

# Install dotnet-trace
dotnet tool install --global dotnet-trace

# Collect a trace from a running process (nettrace format)
dotnet-trace collect --process-id <PID> --duration 00:00:30

# Collect directly in speedscope format
dotnet-trace collect --process-id <PID> --format speedscope --duration 00:00:30

# Convert an existing .nettrace file to speedscope
dotnet-trace convert --format speedscope trace.nettrace

Speedscope files can be visualized at speedscope.app — a web-based flame graph viewer that works on any platform.

dotnet-trace output formats

Format	Extension	Viewer
nettrace (default)	.nettrace	PerfView, Visual Studio, Rider
speedscope	.speedscope.json	speedscope.app
chromium	.chromium.json	Chrome DevTools (chrome://tracing)

Example: profile NATS server and export flame graph

# Start the server
dotnet run --project src/NATS.Server.Host -- -p 14222 &
SERVER_PID=$!

# Collect a 30-second trace in speedscope format
dotnet-trace collect --process-id $SERVER_PID --format speedscope \
  --duration 00:00:30 --output ./snapshots/nats-trace

# Open the flame graph
open ./snapshots/nats-trace.speedscope.json  # opens in default browser at speedscope.app

Viewing Snapshots

Open .dtp / .dtt snapshot files in:

• dotTrace GUI (/Users/dohertj2/Applications/dotTrace.app)
• JetBrains Rider (built-in profiler viewer)

open /Users/dohertj2/Applications/dotTrace.app --args ./snapshots/nats-sampling.dtp

Exit Codes

Code	Meaning
0	Success
65	Profiling failure

Notes

• Snapshots consist of multiple files: *.dtp, *.dtp.0000, *.dtp.0001, etc. Keep them together.
• Attach on macOS requires .NET 5 or later.
• Use -- before the executable path if arguments start with -.
• The snapshots/ directory is not tracked in git. Create it before profiling:

  mkdir -p snapshots