diff --git a/src/NATS.Server/Configuration/ConfigReloader.cs b/src/NATS.Server/Configuration/ConfigReloader.cs
index 3813323..a924df0 100644
--- a/src/NATS.Server/Configuration/ConfigReloader.cs
+++ b/src/NATS.Server/Configuration/ConfigReloader.cs
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ namespace NATS.Server.Configuration;
 public static class ConfigReloader
 {
     // Non-reloadable options (match Go server — Host, Port, ServerName require restart)
-    private static readonly HashSet<string> NonReloadable = ["Host", "Port", "ServerName"];
+    private static readonly HashSet<string> NonReloadable =
+        ["Host", "Port", "ServerName", "Cluster", "JetStream.StoreDir"];
 
     // Logging-related options
     private static readonly HashSet<string> LoggingOptions =
@@ -102,6 +103,13 @@ public static class ConfigReloader
         CompareAndAdd(changes, "NoSystemAccount", oldOpts.NoSystemAccount, newOpts.NoSystemAccount);
         CompareAndAdd(changes, "SystemAccount", oldOpts.SystemAccount, newOpts.SystemAccount);
 
+        // Cluster and JetStream (restart-required boundaries)
+        if (!ClusterEquivalent(oldOpts.Cluster, newOpts.Cluster))
+            changes.Add(new ConfigChange("Cluster", isNonReloadable: true));
+
+        if (JetStreamStoreDirChanged(oldOpts.JetStream, newOpts.JetStream))
+            changes.Add(new ConfigChange("JetStream.StoreDir", isNonReloadable: true));
+
         return changes;
     }
 
@@ -338,4 +346,35 @@ public static class ConfigReloader
                 isNonReloadable: NonReloadable.Contains(name)));
         }
     }
+
+    private static bool ClusterEquivalent(ClusterOptions? oldCluster, ClusterOptions? newCluster)
+    {
+        if (oldCluster is null && newCluster is null)
+            return true;
+
+        if (oldCluster is null || newCluster is null)
+            return false;
+
+        if (!string.Equals(oldCluster.Name, newCluster.Name, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            return false;
+
+        if (!string.Equals(oldCluster.Host, newCluster.Host, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            return false;
+
+        if (oldCluster.Port != newCluster.Port)
+            return false;
+
+        return oldCluster.Routes.SequenceEqual(newCluster.Routes, StringComparer.Ordinal);
+    }
+
+    private static bool JetStreamStoreDirChanged(JetStreamOptions? oldJetStream, JetStreamOptions? newJetStream)
+    {
+        if (oldJetStream is null && newJetStream is null)
+            return false;
+
+        if (oldJetStream is null || newJetStream is null)
+            return true;
+
+        return !string.Equals(oldJetStream.StoreDir, newJetStream.StoreDir, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/NATS.Server/NatsServer.cs b/src/NATS.Server/NatsServer.cs
index 293b4b8..a42abec 100644
--- a/src/NATS.Server/NatsServer.cs
+++ b/src/NATS.Server/NatsServer.cs
@@ -1025,10 +1025,22 @@ public sealed class NatsServer : IMessageRouter, ISubListAccess, IDisposable
     /// the changes, and applies reloadable settings. CLI overrides are preserved.
     /// </summary>
     public void ReloadConfig()
+    {
+        ReloadConfigCore(throwOnError: false);
+    }
+
+    public void ReloadConfigOrThrow()
+    {
+        ReloadConfigCore(throwOnError: true);
+    }
+
+    private void ReloadConfigCore(bool throwOnError)
     {
         if (_options.ConfigFile == null)
         {
             _logger.LogWarning("No config file specified, cannot reload");
+            if (throwOnError)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("No config file specified.");
             return;
         }
 
@@ -1054,6 +1066,8 @@ public sealed class NatsServer : IMessageRouter, ISubListAccess, IDisposable
             {
                 foreach (var err in errors)
                     _logger.LogError("Config reload error: {Error}", err);
+                if (throwOnError)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Join("; ", errors));
                 return;
             }
 
@@ -1065,6 +1079,8 @@ public sealed class NatsServer : IMessageRouter, ISubListAccess, IDisposable
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
             _logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to reload config file: {ConfigFile}", _options.ConfigFile);
+            if (throwOnError)
+                throw;
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/NATS.Server.Tests/JetStreamClusterReloadTests.cs b/tests/NATS.Server.Tests/JetStreamClusterReloadTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..336e7aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/NATS.Server.Tests/JetStreamClusterReloadTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
+using NATS.Server.Configuration;
+
+namespace NATS.Server.Tests;
+
+public class JetStreamClusterReloadTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Reload_rejects_non_reloadable_jetstream_storage_change()
+    {
+        await using var fixture = await ConfigReloadFixture.StartJetStreamAsync();
+
+        var ex = await Should.ThrowAsync<InvalidOperationException>(() => fixture.ReloadAsync("jetstream { store_dir: '/new' }"));
+        ex.Message.ShouldContain("requires restart");
+    }
+}
+
+internal sealed class ConfigReloadFixture : IAsyncDisposable
+{
+    private readonly string _configPath;
+    private readonly NatsServer _server;
+
+    private ConfigReloadFixture(string configPath, NatsServer server)
+    {
+        _configPath = configPath;
+        _server = server;
+    }
+
+    public static Task<ConfigReloadFixture> StartJetStreamAsync()
+    {
+        var configPath = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), $"natsdotnet-reload-{Guid.NewGuid():N}.conf");
+        File.WriteAllText(configPath, "jetstream { store_dir: '/old' }");
+
+        var options = new NatsOptions
+        {
+            ConfigFile = configPath,
+            JetStream = new JetStreamOptions
+            {
+                StoreDir = "/old",
+                MaxMemoryStore = 1_024 * 1_024,
+                MaxFileStore = 10 * 1_024 * 1_024,
+            },
+        };
+
+        var server = new NatsServer(options, NullLoggerFactory.Instance);
+        return Task.FromResult(new ConfigReloadFixture(configPath, server));
+    }
+
+    public Task ReloadAsync(string configText)
+    {
+        File.WriteAllText(_configPath, configText);
+        _server.ReloadConfigOrThrow();
+        return Task.CompletedTask;
+    }
+
+    public ValueTask DisposeAsync()
+    {
+        _server.Dispose();
+        if (File.Exists(_configPath))
+            File.Delete(_configPath);
+
+        return ValueTask.CompletedTask;
+    }
+}