Files
mxaccessgw/clients/dotnet/MxGateway.Client.Cli/MxGatewayClientCli.cs
T
Joseph Doherty 93633ce99c Cross-language ReadBulk stress benchmark
Adds a bench-read-bulk subcommand to every client CLI (.NET, Go, Rust,
Python, Java) and a PowerShell driver that runs all five concurrently
against the deployed gateway and prints a side-by-side comparison.

Each CLI''s bench:

  - Opens its own session, registers, subscribes to bulk-size tags so the
    worker''s MxAccessValueCache populates from real OnDataChange events.
  - Runs a warmup-seconds-long pre-loop with identical calls so JIT /
    connection-pool / first-call overhead is amortised before the
    measurement window.
  - Runs ReadBulk in a tight in-process loop for duration-seconds with
    per-call high-resolution latency capture (Stopwatch in .NET,
    time.Now in Go, std::time::Instant in Rust, time.perf_counter in
    Python, System.nanoTime in Java).
  - Unsubscribes + closes the session, then emits one JSON object with
    the shared schema: { language, durationMs, totalCalls, successfulCalls,
    failedCalls, totalReadResults, cachedReadResults, callsPerSecond,
    latencyMs: { p50, p95, p99, max, mean } }.

The PS driver (scripts/bench-read-bulk.ps1) launches one detached process
per client, waits for all to finish, parses the trailing JSON object from
each stdout, prints a comparison table, and persists the combined report
under artifacts/bench/. Quoting around Java''s `gradle --args="..."` is
handled by writing a one-shot .bat that cmd.exe runs; the .NET CLI''s
per-call gRPC timeout is auto-scaled to (Duration + Warmup + 30s) so the
channel-wide timeout doesn''t cancel the bench mid-loop.

Live 30-second steady-state run against the deployed gateway, all five
clients hitting the same six TestMachine_001..006.TestChangingInt tags:

  client    calls/sec  cached/total    p50 ms  p95 ms  p99 ms  max ms
  dotnet      171.78   30924/30924      3.84   14.06   40.41  542.48
  go          175.46   31590/31590      3.93   13.52   41.26  243.00
  rust        123.26   22188/22188      5.52   15.78   48.11  544.41
  python      145.79   26244/26244      4.86   14.85   41.65  645.84
  java        181.12   32604/32604      3.80   10.59   33.37  344.27

143,550 ReadBulk results across all five clients during the 30s window;
100% were was_cached = true (the worker''s cache fast-path never fell
through to the snapshot lifecycle). Aggregate read throughput ~800
calls/sec against five concurrent sessions sharing the same cached tags.

A second variant with bulk-size 20 sustained the same per-client call
rate while delivering 3.3x more values per call (~37,000 cached reads/sec
aggregate across the five concurrent sessions), confirming the linear
per-tag cache lookup inside one call is not a bottleneck at this scale.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-05-20 05:17:08 -04:00

1543 lines
58 KiB
C#

using System.Globalization;
using System.Text.Json;
using Google.Protobuf;
using MxGateway.Client;
using MxGateway.Contracts.Proto;
using MxGateway.Contracts.Proto.Galaxy;
namespace MxGateway.Client.Cli;
/// <summary>Command-line interface for the MXAccess Gateway client, supporting session and command operations.</summary>
public static class MxGatewayClientCli
{
private const uint MaxAggregateEvents = 10_000;
private static readonly JsonFormatter ProtobufJsonFormatter = JsonFormatter.Default;
private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions JsonOptions = new(JsonSerializerDefaults.Web);
/// <summary>Runs the CLI synchronously with the given arguments, writing output and errors.</summary>
/// <param name="args">Command-line arguments (command name followed by options).</param>
/// <param name="standardOutput">TextWriter for command output.</param>
/// <param name="standardError">TextWriter for error messages.</param>
public static int Run(
string[] args,
TextWriter standardOutput,
TextWriter standardError)
{
return RunAsync(args, standardOutput, standardError)
.GetAwaiter()
.GetResult();
}
/// <summary>Runs the CLI asynchronously with the given arguments, writing output and errors.</summary>
/// <param name="args">Command-line arguments (command name followed by options).</param>
/// <param name="standardOutput">TextWriter for command output.</param>
/// <param name="standardError">TextWriter for error messages.</param>
/// <param name="clientFactory">Optional factory to create the gateway client; defaults to MxGatewayClient.Create.</param>
public static Task<int> RunAsync(
string[] args,
TextWriter standardOutput,
TextWriter standardError,
Func<MxGatewayClientOptions, IMxGatewayCliClient>? clientFactory = null)
{
ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(args);
ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(standardOutput);
ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(standardError);
return RunCoreAsync(
args,
standardOutput,
standardError,
clientFactory ?? CreateDefaultClient);
}
private static async Task<int> RunCoreAsync(
string[] args,
TextWriter standardOutput,
TextWriter standardError,
Func<MxGatewayClientOptions, IMxGatewayCliClient> clientFactory)
{
if (args.Length is 0 || IsHelp(args[0]))
{
WriteUsage(standardOutput);
return 0;
}
string command = args[0].ToLowerInvariant();
CliArguments arguments = new(args.Skip(1));
try
{
if (command is "version")
{
WriteVersion(arguments, standardOutput);
return 0;
}
if (!IsKnownGatewayCommand(command))
{
return WriteUnknownCommand(command, standardError);
}
await using IMxGatewayCliClient client = clientFactory(CreateOptions(arguments));
using CancellationTokenSource cancellation = CreateCancellation(arguments, command);
return command switch
{
"open-session" => await OpenSessionAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"close-session" => await CloseSessionAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"ping" => await PingAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"register" => await RegisterAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"add-item" => await AddItemAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"advise" => await AdviseAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"subscribe-bulk" => await SubscribeBulkAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"unsubscribe-bulk" => await UnsubscribeBulkAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"read-bulk" => await ReadBulkAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"write-bulk" => await WriteBulkAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"write2-bulk" => await Write2BulkAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"write-secured-bulk" => await WriteSecuredBulkAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"write-secured2-bulk" => await WriteSecured2BulkAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"bench-read-bulk" => await BenchReadBulkAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"stream-events" => await StreamEventsAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"write" => await WriteAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"write2" => await Write2Async(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"smoke" => await SmokeAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"galaxy-test-connection" => await GalaxyTestConnectionAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"galaxy-last-deploy" => await GalaxyLastDeployAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"galaxy-discover" => await GalaxyDiscoverAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
"galaxy-watch" => await GalaxyWatchAsync(arguments, client, standardOutput, cancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false),
_ => WriteUnknownCommand(command, standardError),
};
}
catch (Exception exception) when (exception is not OperationCanceledException)
{
// Redact the effective API key — whether it came from --api-key or from
// the (documented default) --api-key-env environment variable — so a
// transport error message that echoes the bearer token is never printed.
string? apiKey = TryResolveApiKey(arguments);
string message = MxGatewayCliSecretRedactor.Redact(exception.Message, apiKey);
if (arguments.HasFlag("json"))
{
standardError.WriteLine(JsonSerializer.Serialize(
new { error = message, type = exception.GetType().Name },
JsonOptions));
}
else
{
standardError.WriteLine(message);
}
return 1;
}
}
private static IMxGatewayCliClient CreateDefaultClient(MxGatewayClientOptions options)
{
return new MxGatewayCliClientAdapter(MxGatewayClient.Create(options));
}
private static MxGatewayClientOptions CreateOptions(CliArguments arguments)
{
string endpoint = arguments.GetOptional("endpoint")
?? Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("MXGATEWAY_ENDPOINT")
?? "http://localhost:5000";
string apiKey = ResolveApiKey(arguments);
return new MxGatewayClientOptions
{
Endpoint = new Uri(endpoint, UriKind.Absolute),
ApiKey = apiKey,
UseTls = arguments.HasFlag("tls")
|| endpoint.StartsWith("https://", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase),
DefaultCallTimeout = arguments.GetDuration("timeout", TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)),
ConnectTimeout = arguments.GetDuration("connect-timeout", TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)),
CaCertificatePath = arguments.GetOptional("ca-file"),
ServerNameOverride = arguments.GetOptional("server-name"),
};
}
private static string ResolveApiKey(CliArguments arguments)
{
string? apiKey = TryResolveApiKey(arguments);
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(apiKey))
{
return apiKey;
}
string apiKeyEnvironmentName = arguments.GetOptional("api-key-env")
?? "MXGATEWAY_API_KEY";
throw new ArgumentException(
$"Gateway API key is required. Pass --api-key or set {apiKeyEnvironmentName}.");
}
/// <summary>
/// Resolves the effective API key from <c>--api-key</c> or, failing that, the
/// environment variable named by <c>--api-key-env</c> (default
/// <c>MXGATEWAY_API_KEY</c>). Returns <see langword="null"/> when no key is
/// configured; used for redaction where a missing key must not throw.
/// </summary>
private static string? TryResolveApiKey(CliArguments arguments)
{
string? apiKey = arguments.GetOptional("api-key");
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(apiKey))
{
return apiKey;
}
string apiKeyEnvironmentName = arguments.GetOptional("api-key-env")
?? "MXGATEWAY_API_KEY";
return Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(apiKeyEnvironmentName);
}
private static CancellationTokenSource CreateCancellation(CliArguments arguments, string command)
{
var cancellation = new CancellationTokenSource();
// Long-running streaming commands run until Ctrl+C / cancellation by default;
// a caller-supplied --timeout still applies if present.
bool isLongRunning = command is "galaxy-watch";
string? rawTimeout = arguments.GetOptional("timeout");
if (isLongRunning && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(rawTimeout))
{
return cancellation;
}
TimeSpan timeout = arguments.GetDuration("timeout", TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30));
cancellation.CancelAfter(timeout);
return cancellation;
}
private static Task<int> OpenSessionAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return WriteReplyAsync(
client.OpenSessionAsync(
new OpenSessionRequest
{
ClientSessionName = arguments.GetOptional("client-name") ?? "mxgw-dotnet-cli",
ClientCorrelationId = CreateCorrelationId(),
RequestedBackend = arguments.GetOptional("backend") ?? string.Empty,
},
cancellationToken),
arguments,
output);
}
private static Task<int> CloseSessionAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return WriteReplyAsync(
client.CloseSessionAsync(
new CloseSessionRequest
{
SessionId = arguments.GetRequired("session-id"),
ClientCorrelationId = CreateCorrelationId(),
},
cancellationToken),
arguments,
output);
}
private static Task<int> PingAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return InvokeAndWriteAsync(
arguments,
client,
output,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.Ping,
Ping = new PingCommand { Message = arguments.GetOptional("message") ?? "ping" },
},
cancellationToken);
}
private static Task<int> RegisterAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return InvokeAndWriteAsync(
arguments,
client,
output,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.Register,
Register = new RegisterCommand { ClientName = arguments.GetOptional("client-name") ?? "mxgw-dotnet-cli" },
},
cancellationToken);
}
private static Task<int> AddItemAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return InvokeAndWriteAsync(
arguments,
client,
output,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.AddItem,
AddItem = new AddItemCommand
{
ServerHandle = arguments.GetInt32("server-handle"),
ItemDefinition = arguments.GetRequired("item"),
},
},
cancellationToken);
}
private static Task<int> AdviseAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return InvokeAndWriteAsync(
arguments,
client,
output,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.Advise,
Advise = new AdviseCommand
{
ServerHandle = arguments.GetInt32("server-handle"),
ItemHandle = arguments.GetInt32("item-handle"),
},
},
cancellationToken);
}
private static Task<int> SubscribeBulkAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
SubscribeBulkCommand command = new()
{
ServerHandle = arguments.GetInt32("server-handle"),
};
command.TagAddresses.Add(ParseStringList(arguments.GetRequired("items")));
return InvokeAndWriteAsync(
arguments,
client,
output,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.SubscribeBulk,
SubscribeBulk = command,
},
cancellationToken);
}
private static Task<int> UnsubscribeBulkAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
UnsubscribeBulkCommand command = new()
{
ServerHandle = arguments.GetInt32("server-handle"),
};
command.ItemHandles.Add(ParseInt32List(arguments.GetRequired("item-handles")));
return InvokeAndWriteAsync(
arguments,
client,
output,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.UnsubscribeBulk,
UnsubscribeBulk = command,
},
cancellationToken);
}
private static Task<int> ReadBulkAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
ReadBulkCommand command = new()
{
ServerHandle = arguments.GetInt32("server-handle"),
TimeoutMs = (uint)arguments.GetInt32("timeout-ms", 0),
};
command.TagAddresses.Add(ParseStringList(arguments.GetRequired("items")));
return InvokeAndWriteAsync(
arguments,
client,
output,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.ReadBulk,
ReadBulk = command,
},
cancellationToken);
}
private static Task<int> WriteBulkAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
WriteBulkCommand command = new()
{
ServerHandle = arguments.GetInt32("server-handle"),
};
IReadOnlyList<int> handles = ParseInt32List(arguments.GetRequired("item-handles"));
IReadOnlyList<MxValue> values = ParseValuesList(arguments);
int userId = arguments.GetInt32("user-id", 0);
EnsureSameLength(handles.Count, values.Count);
for (int i = 0; i < handles.Count; i++)
{
command.Entries.Add(new WriteBulkEntry
{
ItemHandle = handles[i],
Value = values[i],
UserId = userId,
});
}
return InvokeAndWriteAsync(
arguments,
client,
output,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.WriteBulk,
WriteBulk = command,
},
cancellationToken);
}
private static Task<int> Write2BulkAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
Write2BulkCommand command = new()
{
ServerHandle = arguments.GetInt32("server-handle"),
};
IReadOnlyList<int> handles = ParseInt32List(arguments.GetRequired("item-handles"));
IReadOnlyList<MxValue> values = ParseValuesList(arguments);
MxValue timestampValue = ParseTimestampValue(arguments);
int userId = arguments.GetInt32("user-id", 0);
EnsureSameLength(handles.Count, values.Count);
for (int i = 0; i < handles.Count; i++)
{
command.Entries.Add(new Write2BulkEntry
{
ItemHandle = handles[i],
Value = values[i],
TimestampValue = timestampValue,
UserId = userId,
});
}
return InvokeAndWriteAsync(
arguments,
client,
output,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.Write2Bulk,
Write2Bulk = command,
},
cancellationToken);
}
private static Task<int> WriteSecuredBulkAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
WriteSecuredBulkCommand command = new()
{
ServerHandle = arguments.GetInt32("server-handle"),
};
IReadOnlyList<int> handles = ParseInt32List(arguments.GetRequired("item-handles"));
IReadOnlyList<MxValue> values = ParseValuesList(arguments);
int currentUserId = arguments.GetInt32("current-user-id");
int verifierUserId = arguments.GetInt32("verifier-user-id", 0);
EnsureSameLength(handles.Count, values.Count);
for (int i = 0; i < handles.Count; i++)
{
command.Entries.Add(new WriteSecuredBulkEntry
{
ItemHandle = handles[i],
Value = values[i],
CurrentUserId = currentUserId,
VerifierUserId = verifierUserId,
});
}
return InvokeAndWriteAsync(
arguments,
client,
output,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.WriteSecuredBulk,
WriteSecuredBulk = command,
},
cancellationToken);
}
private static Task<int> WriteSecured2BulkAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
WriteSecured2BulkCommand command = new()
{
ServerHandle = arguments.GetInt32("server-handle"),
};
IReadOnlyList<int> handles = ParseInt32List(arguments.GetRequired("item-handles"));
IReadOnlyList<MxValue> values = ParseValuesList(arguments);
MxValue timestampValue = ParseTimestampValue(arguments);
int currentUserId = arguments.GetInt32("current-user-id");
int verifierUserId = arguments.GetInt32("verifier-user-id", 0);
EnsureSameLength(handles.Count, values.Count);
for (int i = 0; i < handles.Count; i++)
{
command.Entries.Add(new WriteSecured2BulkEntry
{
ItemHandle = handles[i],
Value = values[i],
TimestampValue = timestampValue,
CurrentUserId = currentUserId,
VerifierUserId = verifierUserId,
});
}
return InvokeAndWriteAsync(
arguments,
client,
output,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.WriteSecured2Bulk,
WriteSecured2Bulk = command,
},
cancellationToken);
}
/// <summary>
/// Cross-language stress benchmark for ReadBulk. Opens its own session,
/// subscribes to N tags so the worker's MxAccessValueCache populates from
/// real OnDataChange events, then hammers ReadBulk in a tight in-process
/// loop with per-call Stopwatch timing. Emits a single JSON object on
/// stdout that the scripts/bench-read-bulk.ps1 driver collates across
/// all five language clients.
/// </summary>
private static async Task<int> BenchReadBulkAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
int durationSeconds = arguments.GetInt32("duration-seconds", 30);
int warmupSeconds = arguments.GetInt32("warmup-seconds", 3);
int bulkSize = arguments.GetInt32("bulk-size", 6);
int tagStart = arguments.GetInt32("tag-start", 1);
string tagPrefix = arguments.GetOptional("tag-prefix") ?? "TestMachine_";
string tagAttribute = arguments.GetOptional("tag-attribute") ?? "TestChangingInt";
uint timeoutMs = (uint)arguments.GetInt32("timeout-ms", 1500);
string clientName = arguments.GetOptional("client-name") ?? "mxgw-dotnet-bench";
string[] tags = new string[bulkSize];
for (int i = 0; i < bulkSize; i++)
{
// TestMachine_NNN.<attribute>, three-digit machine numbers matching
// the existing e2e tag-discovery convention.
tags[i] = $"{tagPrefix}{(tagStart + i):D3}.{tagAttribute}";
}
// Open + register + subscribe-bulk so the cache populates before the
// measurement window opens.
OpenSessionReply openReply = await client.OpenSessionAsync(
new OpenSessionRequest { ClientSessionName = clientName, ClientCorrelationId = CreateCorrelationId() },
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
string sessionId = openReply.SessionId;
try
{
MxCommandReply registerReply = await InvokeAndEnsureAsync(
client,
CreateCommandRequest(sessionId, new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.Register,
Register = new RegisterCommand { ClientName = clientName },
}),
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
int serverHandle = registerReply.Register?.ServerHandle ?? registerReply.ReturnValue.Int32Value;
SubscribeBulkCommand subscribe = new() { ServerHandle = serverHandle };
subscribe.TagAddresses.Add(tags);
MxCommandReply subscribeReply = await InvokeAndEnsureAsync(
client,
CreateCommandRequest(sessionId, new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.SubscribeBulk,
SubscribeBulk = subscribe,
}),
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
int[] itemHandles = subscribeReply.SubscribeBulk?.Results
.Where(r => r.WasSuccessful)
.Select(r => r.ItemHandle)
.ToArray() ?? [];
// Warm-up: drive the same call shape so the JIT / connection
// pipelines settle before the measurement window opens.
DateTime warmupDeadline = DateTime.UtcNow + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(warmupSeconds);
ReadBulkCommand readBulkCommand = new()
{
ServerHandle = serverHandle,
TimeoutMs = timeoutMs,
};
readBulkCommand.TagAddresses.Add(tags);
MxCommand readBulkMxCommand = new() { Kind = MxCommandKind.ReadBulk, ReadBulk = readBulkCommand };
while (DateTime.UtcNow < warmupDeadline)
{
_ = await client.InvokeAsync(
CreateCommandRequest(sessionId, readBulkMxCommand),
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
// Steady state — capture per-call wall latency with a high-res
// Stopwatch so the resolution is sub-millisecond on modern Windows.
List<double> latencyMillis = new(capacity: 65536);
long totalReadResults = 0;
long cachedReadResults = 0;
int successfulCalls = 0;
int failedCalls = 0;
DateTime steadyDeadline = DateTime.UtcNow + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(durationSeconds);
DateTime steadyStart = DateTime.UtcNow;
while (DateTime.UtcNow < steadyDeadline)
{
System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch sw = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew();
MxCommandReply reply;
try
{
reply = await client.InvokeAsync(
CreateCommandRequest(sessionId, readBulkMxCommand),
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
sw.Stop();
}
catch
{
sw.Stop();
failedCalls++;
latencyMillis.Add(sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
continue;
}
latencyMillis.Add(sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
if (reply.ProtocolStatus?.Code != ProtocolStatusCode.Ok)
{
failedCalls++;
continue;
}
successfulCalls++;
if (reply.ReadBulk is not null)
{
foreach (BulkReadResult r in reply.ReadBulk.Results)
{
totalReadResults++;
if (r.WasCached)
{
cachedReadResults++;
}
}
}
}
double steadyElapsedSeconds = (DateTime.UtcNow - steadyStart).TotalSeconds;
if (itemHandles.Length > 0)
{
UnsubscribeBulkCommand unsubscribe = new() { ServerHandle = serverHandle };
unsubscribe.ItemHandles.Add(itemHandles);
_ = await client.InvokeAsync(
CreateCommandRequest(sessionId, new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.UnsubscribeBulk,
UnsubscribeBulk = unsubscribe,
}),
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
int totalCalls = successfulCalls + failedCalls;
double callsPerSecond = steadyElapsedSeconds > 0
? totalCalls / steadyElapsedSeconds
: 0;
object stats = new
{
language = "dotnet",
command = "bench-read-bulk",
endpoint = arguments.GetOptional("endpoint") ?? "(default)",
clientName,
bulkSize,
durationSeconds,
warmupSeconds,
durationMs = (long)(steadyElapsedSeconds * 1000),
tags,
totalCalls,
successfulCalls,
failedCalls,
totalReadResults,
cachedReadResults,
callsPerSecond = Math.Round(callsPerSecond, 2),
latencyMs = new
{
p50 = Percentile(latencyMillis, 0.50),
p95 = Percentile(latencyMillis, 0.95),
p99 = Percentile(latencyMillis, 0.99),
max = latencyMillis.Count > 0 ? Math.Round(latencyMillis.Max(), 3) : 0,
mean = latencyMillis.Count > 0 ? Math.Round(latencyMillis.Average(), 3) : 0,
},
};
output.WriteLine(JsonSerializer.Serialize(stats, JsonOptions));
return 0;
}
finally
{
try
{
await client.CloseSessionAsync(
new CloseSessionRequest { SessionId = sessionId, ClientCorrelationId = CreateCorrelationId() },
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch
{
// Closing the session is best-effort — never let it mask a real bench error.
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Computes the requested percentile from an unsorted latency sample using
/// nearest-rank with linear interpolation. Rounds to 3 decimal places to
/// match the JSON schema the PS driver collates.
/// </summary>
private static double Percentile(IReadOnlyList<double> sample, double quantile)
{
if (sample.Count == 0)
{
return 0;
}
double[] sorted = sample.ToArray();
Array.Sort(sorted);
if (sorted.Length == 1)
{
return Math.Round(sorted[0], 3);
}
double rank = quantile * (sorted.Length - 1);
int lower = (int)Math.Floor(rank);
int upper = (int)Math.Ceiling(rank);
double fraction = rank - lower;
double value = sorted[lower] + (sorted[upper] - sorted[lower]) * fraction;
return Math.Round(value, 3);
}
/// <summary>
/// Parses the bulk-write CLI's <c>--values</c> list. All entries share
/// the single <c>--type</c> argument; the comma-separated values are
/// each parsed via <see cref="ParseValue"/> on a per-entry basis. This
/// keeps the CLI simple for e2e use (one type, N values) — callers
/// that need heterogeneous types per entry should drive the library
/// directly.
/// </summary>
private static IReadOnlyList<MxValue> ParseValuesList(CliArguments arguments)
{
string type = arguments.GetRequired("type");
string[] values = ParseStringList(arguments.GetRequired("values")).ToArray();
MxValue[] result = new MxValue[values.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < values.Length; i++)
{
result[i] = ParseValue(type, values[i]);
}
return result;
}
private static void EnsureSameLength(int handles, int values)
{
if (handles != values)
{
throw new ArgumentException(
$"Bulk write requires the same number of --item-handles ({handles}) and --values ({values}).");
}
}
private static Task<int> WriteAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return InvokeAndWriteAsync(
arguments,
client,
output,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.Write,
Write = new WriteCommand
{
ServerHandle = arguments.GetInt32("server-handle"),
ItemHandle = arguments.GetInt32("item-handle"),
UserId = arguments.GetInt32("user-id", 0),
Value = ParseValue(arguments),
},
},
cancellationToken);
}
private static Task<int> Write2Async(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return InvokeAndWriteAsync(
arguments,
client,
output,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.Write2,
Write2 = new Write2Command
{
ServerHandle = arguments.GetInt32("server-handle"),
ItemHandle = arguments.GetInt32("item-handle"),
UserId = arguments.GetInt32("user-id", 0),
Value = ParseValue(arguments),
TimestampValue = ParseTimestampValue(arguments),
},
},
cancellationToken);
}
private static async Task<int> StreamEventsAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
uint maxEvents = arguments.GetUInt32("max-events", 0);
bool json = arguments.HasFlag("json");
bool jsonLines = arguments.HasFlag("jsonl");
if (json && !jsonLines && maxEvents is 0)
{
throw new ArgumentException("--json stream-events requires --max-events to bound aggregate output.");
}
if (maxEvents > MaxAggregateEvents)
{
throw new ArgumentException($"--max-events cannot exceed {MaxAggregateEvents}.");
}
var events = json && !jsonLines
? new List<MxEvent>(checked((int)maxEvents))
: [];
uint eventCount = 0;
var request = new StreamEventsRequest
{
SessionId = arguments.GetRequired("session-id"),
AfterWorkerSequence = arguments.GetUInt64("after-worker-sequence", 0),
};
await foreach (MxEvent gatewayEvent in client.StreamEventsAsync(request, cancellationToken)
.WithCancellation(cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false))
{
if (jsonLines)
{
output.WriteLine(ProtobufJsonFormatter.Format(gatewayEvent));
}
else if (json)
{
events.Add(gatewayEvent);
}
else
{
output.WriteLine(ProtobufJsonFormatter.Format(gatewayEvent));
}
eventCount++;
if (maxEvents > 0 && eventCount >= maxEvents)
{
break;
}
}
if (json && !jsonLines)
{
output.WriteLine(JsonSerializer.Serialize(
new { events = events.Select(EventToJsonElement).ToArray() },
JsonOptions));
}
return 0;
}
private static async Task<int> SmokeAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
OpenSessionReply? openReply = null;
CloseSessionReply? closeReply = null;
var commandReplies = new List<MxCommandReply>();
var events = new List<MxEvent>();
try
{
openReply = await client.OpenSessionAsync(
new OpenSessionRequest
{
ClientSessionName = arguments.GetOptional("client-name") ?? "mxgw-dotnet-smoke",
ClientCorrelationId = CreateCorrelationId(),
},
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
int serverHandle = await InvokeForHandleAsync(
arguments,
client,
openReply.SessionId,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.Register,
Register = new RegisterCommand { ClientName = arguments.GetOptional("client-name") ?? "mxgw-dotnet-smoke" },
},
reply => reply.Register?.ServerHandle ?? reply.ReturnValue.Int32Value,
commandReplies,
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
int itemHandle = await InvokeForHandleAsync(
arguments,
client,
openReply.SessionId,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.AddItem,
AddItem = new AddItemCommand
{
ServerHandle = serverHandle,
ItemDefinition = arguments.GetRequired("item"),
},
},
reply => reply.AddItem?.ItemHandle ?? reply.ReturnValue.Int32Value,
commandReplies,
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
commandReplies.Add(await InvokeAndEnsureAsync(
client,
CreateCommandRequest(
openReply.SessionId,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.Advise,
Advise = new AdviseCommand
{
ServerHandle = serverHandle,
ItemHandle = itemHandle,
},
}),
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false));
if (arguments.GetOptional("value") is not null)
{
commandReplies.Add(await InvokeAndEnsureAsync(
client,
CreateCommandRequest(
openReply.SessionId,
new MxCommand
{
Kind = MxCommandKind.Write,
Write = new WriteCommand
{
ServerHandle = serverHandle,
ItemHandle = itemHandle,
UserId = arguments.GetInt32("user-id", 0),
Value = ParseValue(arguments),
},
}),
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false));
}
using CancellationTokenSource streamCancellation = CancellationTokenSource
.CreateLinkedTokenSource(cancellationToken);
streamCancellation.CancelAfter(arguments.GetDuration(
"event-timeout",
TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2)));
try
{
await foreach (MxEvent gatewayEvent in client.StreamEventsAsync(
new StreamEventsRequest { SessionId = openReply.SessionId },
streamCancellation.Token)
.WithCancellation(streamCancellation.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false))
{
events.Add(gatewayEvent);
if (events.Count >= arguments.GetUInt32("max-events", 1))
{
break;
}
}
}
catch (OperationCanceledException) when (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
{
}
}
finally
{
if (openReply is not null)
{
closeReply = await client.CloseSessionAsync(
new CloseSessionRequest
{
SessionId = openReply.SessionId,
ClientCorrelationId = CreateCorrelationId(),
},
CancellationToken.None)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
}
WriteSmokeResult(arguments, output, openReply, closeReply, commandReplies, events);
return 0;
}
private static async Task<int> InvokeAndWriteAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
MxCommand command,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
MxCommandReply reply = await InvokeAndEnsureAsync(
client,
CreateCommandRequest(arguments.GetRequired("session-id"), command),
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
WriteMessage(arguments, output, reply);
return 0;
}
private static async Task<int> InvokeForHandleAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
string sessionId,
MxCommand command,
Func<MxCommandReply, int> handleSelector,
List<MxCommandReply> replies,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
MxCommandReply reply = await InvokeAndEnsureAsync(
client,
CreateCommandRequest(sessionId, command),
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
replies.Add(reply);
return handleSelector(reply);
}
private static async Task<MxCommandReply> InvokeAndEnsureAsync(
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
MxCommandRequest request,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
MxCommandReply reply = await client.InvokeAsync(request, cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
reply.EnsureProtocolSuccess().EnsureMxAccessSuccess();
return reply;
}
private static MxCommandRequest CreateCommandRequest(
string sessionId,
MxCommand command)
{
return new MxCommandRequest
{
SessionId = sessionId,
ClientCorrelationId = CreateCorrelationId(),
Command = command,
};
}
private static async Task<int> WriteReplyAsync<TReply>(
Task<TReply> replyTask,
CliArguments arguments,
TextWriter output)
where TReply : IMessage
{
TReply reply = await replyTask.ConfigureAwait(false);
WriteMessage(arguments, output, reply);
return 0;
}
private static void WriteVersion(CliArguments arguments, TextWriter output)
{
if (arguments.HasFlag("json"))
{
output.WriteLine(JsonSerializer.Serialize(
new
{
gatewayProtocolVersion = MxGatewayClientContractInfo.GatewayProtocolVersion,
workerProtocolVersion = MxGatewayClientContractInfo.WorkerProtocolVersion,
},
JsonOptions));
return;
}
output.WriteLine(
$"gateway-protocol={MxGatewayClientContractInfo.GatewayProtocolVersion}");
output.WriteLine(
$"worker-protocol={MxGatewayClientContractInfo.WorkerProtocolVersion}");
}
private static void WriteMessage(
CliArguments arguments,
TextWriter output,
IMessage message)
{
output.WriteLine(arguments.HasFlag("json")
? ProtobufJsonFormatter.Format(message)
: message.ToString());
}
private static void WriteSmokeResult(
CliArguments arguments,
TextWriter output,
OpenSessionReply? openReply,
CloseSessionReply? closeReply,
IReadOnlyList<MxCommandReply> commandReplies,
IReadOnlyList<MxEvent> events)
{
if (!arguments.HasFlag("json"))
{
output.WriteLine($"session-id={openReply?.SessionId}");
output.WriteLine($"commands={commandReplies.Count}");
output.WriteLine($"events={events.Count}");
output.WriteLine($"closed={closeReply is not null}");
return;
}
output.WriteLine(JsonSerializer.Serialize(
new
{
sessionId = openReply?.SessionId,
closed = closeReply is not null,
commandReplies = commandReplies.Select(CommandReplyToJsonElement).ToArray(),
events = events.Select(EventToJsonElement).ToArray(),
},
JsonOptions));
}
private static JsonElement CommandReplyToJsonElement(MxCommandReply reply)
{
return JsonDocument.Parse(ProtobufJsonFormatter.Format(reply)).RootElement.Clone();
}
private static JsonElement EventToJsonElement(MxEvent gatewayEvent)
{
return JsonDocument.Parse(ProtobufJsonFormatter.Format(gatewayEvent)).RootElement.Clone();
}
private static MxValue ParseValue(CliArguments arguments)
{
return ParseValue(arguments.GetRequired("type"), arguments.GetRequired("value"));
}
private static MxValue ParseValue(string typeName, string value)
{
string type = typeName.ToLowerInvariant();
string[] values = value.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries);
return type switch
{
"bool" or "boolean" => bool.Parse(value).ToMxValue(),
"bool-array" or "boolean-array" => values.Select(bool.Parse).ToArray().ToMxValue(),
"int32" or "integer" => int.Parse(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture).ToMxValue(),
"int32-array" or "integer-array" => values.Select(item => int.Parse(item, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray().ToMxValue(),
"int64" => long.Parse(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture).ToMxValue(),
"int64-array" => values.Select(item => long.Parse(item, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray().ToMxValue(),
"float" => float.Parse(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture).ToMxValue(),
"float-array" => values.Select(item => float.Parse(item, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray().ToMxValue(),
"double" => double.Parse(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture).ToMxValue(),
"double-array" => values.Select(item => double.Parse(item, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray().ToMxValue(),
"string" => value.ToMxValue(),
"string-array" => values.ToMxValue(),
"time" or "timestamp" => DateTimeOffset.Parse(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal).ToMxValue(),
"time-array" or "timestamp-array" => values
.Select(item => DateTimeOffset.Parse(item, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal))
.ToArray()
.ToMxValue(),
_ => throw new ArgumentException($"Unsupported MX value type '{type}'."),
};
}
private static MxValue ParseTimestampValue(CliArguments arguments)
{
string timestamp = arguments.GetOptional("timestamp")
?? DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToString("O", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
return DateTimeOffset.Parse(
timestamp,
CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal)
.ToMxValue();
}
private static Task<int> GalaxyTestConnectionAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return WriteReplyAsync(
client.GalaxyTestConnectionAsync(new TestConnectionRequest(), cancellationToken),
arguments,
output);
}
private static Task<int> GalaxyLastDeployAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return WriteReplyAsync(
client.GalaxyGetLastDeployTimeAsync(new GetLastDeployTimeRequest(), cancellationToken),
arguments,
output);
}
private static async Task<int> GalaxyDiscoverAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
DiscoverHierarchyReply reply = await DiscoverAllGalaxyHierarchyAsync(client, cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
if (arguments.HasFlag("json"))
{
output.WriteLine(ProtobufJsonFormatter.Format(reply));
return 0;
}
output.WriteLine($"objects={reply.Objects.Count}");
foreach (GalaxyObject galaxyObject in reply.Objects)
{
output.WriteLine($"- gobject_id={galaxyObject.GobjectId} tag_name={galaxyObject.TagName} contained_name={galaxyObject.ContainedName} parent={galaxyObject.ParentGobjectId} attributes={galaxyObject.Attributes.Count}");
}
return 0;
}
private static async Task<DiscoverHierarchyReply> DiscoverAllGalaxyHierarchyAsync(
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
DiscoverHierarchyReply aggregate = new();
HashSet<string> seenPageTokens = new(StringComparer.Ordinal);
string pageToken = string.Empty;
do
{
DiscoverHierarchyReply page = await client.GalaxyDiscoverHierarchyAsync(
new DiscoverHierarchyRequest
{
PageSize = 5000,
PageToken = pageToken,
},
cancellationToken)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
aggregate.Objects.Add(page.Objects);
aggregate.TotalObjectCount = page.TotalObjectCount;
pageToken = page.NextPageToken;
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(pageToken)
&& !seenPageTokens.Add(pageToken))
{
throw new MxGatewayException(
$"Galaxy DiscoverHierarchy returned a repeated page token '{pageToken}'.");
}
}
while (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(pageToken));
return aggregate;
}
private static async Task<int> GalaxyWatchAsync(
CliArguments arguments,
IMxGatewayCliClient client,
TextWriter output,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
bool json = arguments.HasFlag("json");
uint maxEvents = arguments.GetUInt32("max-events", 0);
if (maxEvents > MaxAggregateEvents)
{
throw new ArgumentException($"--max-events cannot exceed {MaxAggregateEvents}.");
}
WatchDeployEventsRequest request = new();
string? lastSeen = arguments.GetOptional("last-seen-deploy-time");
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(lastSeen))
{
DateTimeOffset parsed = DateTimeOffset.Parse(
lastSeen,
CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal | DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal);
request.LastSeenDeployTime = Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp.FromDateTimeOffset(parsed);
}
using CancellationTokenSource linked = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(cancellationToken);
ConsoleCancelEventHandler handler = (_, eventArgs) =>
{
eventArgs.Cancel = true;
try
{
linked.Cancel();
}
catch (ObjectDisposedException)
{
}
};
Console.CancelKeyPress += handler;
uint emitted = 0;
try
{
await foreach (DeployEvent deployEvent in client
.GalaxyWatchDeployEventsAsync(request, linked.Token)
.WithCancellation(linked.Token)
.ConfigureAwait(false))
{
if (json)
{
output.WriteLine(ProtobufJsonFormatter.Format(deployEvent));
}
else
{
output.WriteLine(FormatDeployEvent(deployEvent));
}
emitted++;
if (maxEvents > 0 && emitted >= maxEvents)
{
break;
}
}
}
catch (OperationCanceledException) when (linked.IsCancellationRequested && !cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
{
// Ctrl+C-driven cancellation is a clean exit.
}
finally
{
Console.CancelKeyPress -= handler;
}
return 0;
}
private static string FormatDeployEvent(DeployEvent deployEvent)
{
string deployTime = deployEvent.TimeOfLastDeployPresent && deployEvent.TimeOfLastDeploy is not null
? deployEvent.TimeOfLastDeploy
.ToDateTimeOffset()
.ToString("O", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)
: "<none>";
string observed = deployEvent.ObservedAt is not null
? deployEvent.ObservedAt
.ToDateTimeOffset()
.ToString("O", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)
: "<unknown>";
return $"sequence={deployEvent.Sequence} observed_at={observed} time_of_last_deploy={deployTime} objects={deployEvent.ObjectCount} attributes={deployEvent.AttributeCount}";
}
private static int WriteUnknownCommand(string command, TextWriter standardError)
{
standardError.WriteLine($"Unknown command '{command}'.");
WriteUsage(standardError);
return 2;
}
private static bool IsHelp(string value)
{
return string.Equals(value, "-h", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
|| string.Equals(value, "--help", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
|| string.Equals(value, "help", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
}
private static bool IsKnownGatewayCommand(string command)
{
return command is "open-session"
or "close-session"
or "ping"
or "register"
or "add-item"
or "advise"
or "subscribe-bulk"
or "unsubscribe-bulk"
or "read-bulk"
or "write-bulk"
or "write2-bulk"
or "write-secured-bulk"
or "write-secured2-bulk"
or "bench-read-bulk"
or "stream-events"
or "write"
or "write2"
or "smoke"
or "galaxy-test-connection"
or "galaxy-last-deploy"
or "galaxy-discover"
or "galaxy-watch";
}
private static IReadOnlyList<string> ParseStringList(string value)
{
string[] items = value
.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries | StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries);
if (items.Length is 0)
{
throw new ArgumentException("At least one item is required.");
}
return items;
}
private static IReadOnlyList<int> ParseInt32List(string value)
{
string[] items = value
.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries | StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries);
if (items.Length is 0)
{
throw new ArgumentException("At least one item handle is required.");
}
return items
.Select(item => int.Parse(item, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))
.ToArray();
}
private static string CreateCorrelationId()
{
return Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
}
private static void WriteUsage(TextWriter writer)
{
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet version [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet ping --session-id <id> [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet open-session [--client-name <name>] [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet close-session --session-id <id> [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet register --session-id <id> --client-name <name> [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet add-item --session-id <id> --server-handle <n> --item <ref> [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet advise --session-id <id> --server-handle <n> --item-handle <n> [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet read-bulk --session-id <id> --server-handle <n> --items <ref,ref> [--timeout-ms <n>] [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet write-bulk --session-id <id> --server-handle <n> --item-handles <n,n> --type <type> --values <v,v> [--user-id <n>] [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet write2-bulk --session-id <id> --server-handle <n> --item-handles <n,n> --type <type> --values <v,v> [--timestamp <iso>] [--user-id <n>] [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet write-secured-bulk --session-id <id> --server-handle <n> --item-handles <n,n> --type <type> --values <v,v> --current-user-id <n> [--verifier-user-id <n>] [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet write-secured2-bulk --session-id <id> --server-handle <n> --item-handles <n,n> --type <type> --values <v,v> [--timestamp <iso>] --current-user-id <n> [--verifier-user-id <n>] [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet subscribe-bulk --session-id <id> --server-handle <n> --items <ref,ref> [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet unsubscribe-bulk --session-id <id> --server-handle <n> --item-handles <n,n> [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet stream-events --session-id <id> [--max-events <n>] [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet write --session-id <id> --server-handle <n> --item-handle <n> --type <type> --value <value> [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet write2 --session-id <id> --server-handle <n> --item-handle <n> --type <type> --value <value> [--timestamp <iso>] [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet smoke --item <ref> [--value <value> --type <type>] [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet galaxy-test-connection [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet galaxy-last-deploy [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet galaxy-discover [--json]");
writer.WriteLine("mxgw-dotnet galaxy-watch [--last-seen-deploy-time <iso8601>] [--max-events <n>] [--json]");
}
}