Resolve Client.Dotnet-001, -002, -003 code-review findings

Client.Dotnet-001: MapRpcException typed only Unauthenticated and
PermissionDenied; every other gRPC status collapsed to an untyped exception
with the status code discarded. Added a nullable StatusCode to
MxGatewayException, extracted the duplicated mappers into a shared
RpcExceptionMapper that records the code for every status, and documented it.

Client.Dotnet-002: the production retry branch (MxGatewayException wrapping
RpcException) was never exercised. FakeGatewayTransport gained a
MapTransportExceptions mode that runs thrown RpcExceptions through
RpcExceptionMapper exactly as the production transport does.

Client.Dotnet-003: MxGatewaySession.DisposeAsync disposed _closeLock while a
concurrent CloseAsync could be parked in WaitAsync. DisposeAsync now drains
in-flight CloseAsync callers before disposing the semaphore; the client's
_disposed flag is accessed via Interlocked.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

clients/dotnet/MxGateway.Client/MxGatewayException.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using Grpc.Core;
 using MxGateway.Contracts.Proto;
 
 namespace MxGateway.Client;
@@ -28,6 +29,20 @@ public class MxGatewayException : Exception
         Statuses = [];
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the MxGatewayException class carrying the originating
+    /// gRPC status code so callers can distinguish transient from permanent failures.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="message">Diagnostic message describing the failure.</param>
+    /// <param name="statusCode">The gRPC status code reported by the failed call.</param>
+    /// <param name="innerException">Underlying exception that caused this failure.</param>
+    public MxGatewayException(string message, StatusCode statusCode, Exception? innerException)
+        : base(message, innerException)
+    {
+        StatusCode = statusCode;
+        Statuses = [];
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the MxGatewayException class with full diagnostic information.
     /// </summary>
@@ -38,6 +53,7 @@ public class MxGatewayException : Exception
     /// <param name="hResult">HRESULT code returned by the worker or MXAccess, if available.</param>
     /// <param name="statuses">List of MXAccess status codes returned by the operation.</param>
     /// <param name="innerException">Underlying exception that caused this failure.</param>
+    /// <param name="statusCode">The gRPC status code reported by the failed call, if available.</param>
     public MxGatewayException(
         string message,
         string? sessionId,
@@ -45,7 +61,8 @@ public class MxGatewayException : Exception
         ProtocolStatus? protocolStatus,
         int? hResult,
         IReadOnlyList<MxStatusProxy> statuses,
-        Exception? innerException = null)
+        Exception? innerException = null,
+        StatusCode? statusCode = null)
         : base(message, innerException)
     {
         SessionId = sessionId;
@@ -53,6 +70,7 @@ public class MxGatewayException : Exception
         ProtocolStatus = protocolStatus;
         HResultCode = hResult;
         Statuses = statuses;
+        StatusCode = statusCode;
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -79,4 +97,15 @@ public class MxGatewayException : Exception
     /// Gets the list of MXAccess status codes returned by the operation.
     /// </summary>
     public IReadOnlyList<MxStatusProxy> Statuses { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the gRPC status code reported by the failed call, if the failure originated
+    /// from a gRPC <see cref="RpcException"/>. <see langword="null"/> when the exception
+    /// was not produced from a gRPC status (for example, a protocol-level reply failure).
+    /// Callers can inspect this to distinguish a transient outage
+    /// (<see cref="Grpc.Core.StatusCode.Unavailable"/>) from a permanent error
+    /// (<see cref="Grpc.Core.StatusCode.InvalidArgument"/>) without downcasting
+    /// <see cref="Exception.InnerException"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    public StatusCode? StatusCode { get; }
 }