# Worker Process — Remediation Design & Implementation (2026-07-12 cycle)

Source review: [20-worker.md](../20-worker.md) · Roadmap: [00-overall.md](../00-overall.md) · Generated: 2026-07-13 · Baseline: `main` @ `4f5371f`

This cycle's findings are concentrated in the new frame-write scheduler and the DrainEvents bound
that the prior remediation added — the scheduler is fundamentally sound, and every fix below is an
edge-hardening of it rather than a redesign. One finding is P0 (WRK-21, shared with IPC-23: a
diagnostics command can still kill the session); the rest are Lows plus two residuals of prior Done
items (WRK-25, WRK-26). All fixes preserve MXAccess parity (no MXAccess behavior changes — these
are all IPC/liveness-layer changes), preserve the control-before-event write-priority guarantee,
and use net48-safe constructs only (plain constructors and get-only properties, no init-only
members, no positional records). The worker builds and tests only on the Windows x86 host
(windev); verification commands assume that host.

## Finding register

| ID | Sev | Tier | Eff | Dep | Status | Title |
|----|-----|------|-----|-----|--------|-------|
| WRK-21 | Medium | P0 | M | IPC-23 (same defect, fix owned here); WRK-28 (same lines) | Not started | DrainEvents bound is count-based only; an oversized reply still kills the session and loses the drained events |
| WRK-22 | Low | — | S | IPC-26 (same defect, fix owned here) | Not started | Cancelled `WriteAsync` leaves its frame queued; it is still written later |
| WRK-23 | Low | — | S | WRK-21 (rejection path becomes backstop-only) | Not started | Rejected frames consume sequence numbers, producing wire gaps |
| WRK-24 | Low | — | S | — | Not started | `AdoptNegotiatedMaxMessageBytes` has no lower-bound sanity check |
| WRK-25 | Low | P2 | S | WRK-22 (both touch enqueue/dequeue) | Not started | WRK-12 flush coalescing never engages on the event hot path |
| WRK-26 | Low | P1 | S | WRK-23 (soft — sequence prose); discharges IPC-29 | Not started | Write-priority and overflow doc drift from the WRK-07 change |
| WRK-27 | Low | — | S | — | Not started | Alarm poll bypasses the watchdog's in-flight suppression (15 s vs 75 s) |
| WRK-28 | Low | — | S | WRK-21 (land in the same commit cluster) | Not started | 10,000 drain cap is a duplicated magic constant with a comment-only sync contract |

---

## WRK-21 — DrainEvents bound is count-based only; an oversized reply still kills the session and loses the drained events   `Medium` · `P0`

**Finding.** `CreateDrainEventsReply` clamps only the event *count* to `MaxDrainEventsPerReply`
(10,000) (`src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker/Ipc/WorkerPipeSession.cs:545-557`); the reply is written
via `WriteControlReplyAsync` (:481, :485-496) with no catch. A reply whose serialized size exceeds
the negotiated `MaxMessageBytes` throws `WorkerFrameProtocolException(MessageTooLarge)` from
`WorkerFrameWriter.WriteFrameAsync` (`Ipc/WorkerFrameWriter.cs:250-255`) — correctly a *per-frame*
rejection at the writer, but `HandleControlCommandAsync`/`DispatchGatewayEnvelopeAsync` propagate
it out of `RunMessageLoopAsync`, so the session dies and `WorkerApplication.cs:110-119` exits
`ProtocolViolation` (6). The 10,000 drained events were already removed from `MxAccessEventQueue`
by `runtimeSession.DrainEvents(maxEvents)` (:551) and are gone. 10,000 events at ~1.7 KiB each
(large string/array `MxValue`s) exceed the default 16 MiB + 64 KiB frame max, so the comment's
stated goal ("cannot pack the whole queue into one session-killing reply frame", :21-26) is not met
for byte-heavy events. **This is the same defect as IPC-23; this entry owns the single fix** (the
IPC remediation register should point here). Roadmap P0 item 2: byte-aware DrainEvents reply
capping such that **no diagnostics command can be session-fatal**.

**Impact.** A `DrainEvents max_events=0` diagnostic against a byte-heavy queue — the array-heavy
payloads this gateway exists for — terminates a healthy session (exit 6, gateway kills the worker)
*and* silently destroys the drained events. The exact "session-killing reply frame" the prior fix
(IPC-04/WRK slice) was added to prevent, narrowed but not closed.

**Design.** Two layers, both required by the P0 acceptance criterion:

1. **Primary — byte-aware drain that never removes an event it cannot ship.** The reply must be
   sized *while draining*, and the size decision must happen inside the queue's lock so events are
   only dequeued once they are known to fit. Add a byte-budgeted overload to `MxAccessEventQueue`:
   drain from the head while `count < maxEvents` **and** the accumulated serialized size plus the
   next event's size stays within a byte budget; an event that does not fit is left at the head for
   the next call. The budget is `_options.MaxMessageBytes` (the negotiated value, read at
   reply-build time) minus a fixed headroom constant covering the envelope/reply wrapper overhead
   (64 KiB — the same envelope-overhead reserve rationale `docs/WorkerFrameProtocol.md` already
   documents for the frame max itself). Per-event cost is `WorkerEvent.CalculateSize() + 8` — the
   `WorkerEvent` wrapper slightly overestimates the packed `MxEvent`, and +8 conservatively covers
   the repeated-field tag and length varint, so the estimate errs strictly on the safe side.
   Truncation is reported in the reply's existing `DiagnosticMessage` field ("N events returned,
   M remain; repeat DrainEvents for the rest"), so **no proto change** is needed.

   Degenerate case: a single head event whose serialized size alone exceeds the budget. It is
   **not** drained (draining it would either build an oversized reply or lose it); the reply
   returns whatever fit before it (possibly zero events) with a `DiagnosticMessage` naming the
   blocked event's `WorkerSequence` so the operator can find the offending tag. Such an event
   cannot be shipped on the streaming path either — that policy question is IPC-30 and stays out
   of scope here; the WRK-21 guarantee is only that DrainEvents never dies and never loses events.

2. **Backstop — the control-reply write seam must not be session-fatal.** Even with capping (a
   future command, a sizing bug), catch `WorkerFrameProtocolException` with
   `ErrorCode == MessageTooLarge` at the two reply-write seams and answer the correlation with a
   small error reply instead of unwinding the session: `HandleControlCommandAsync`'s
   `WriteControlReplyAsync` call (:481) and `ProcessCommandAsync`'s reply write (:630-638), which
   today converts *any* write failure into `_state = Faulted` + `MxaccessCommandFailed` — i.e. an
   oversized STA command reply also faults the whole session. The error reply uses
   `ProtocolStatusCode.InvalidRequest` with an explanatory message ("reply exceeded the negotiated
   frame maximum; retry with a smaller request").

Rejected alternatives: (a) adding `truncated`/`remaining_count` fields to `DrainEventsReply` — a
contracts change that regenerates and ripples through all five language clients for a diagnostic
command; `DiagnosticMessage` carries the same information at zero contract cost. (b) Catch-only
(no byte capping) — survives the session but still loses the already-drained events, failing the
"no event loss" half. (c) Draining into the reply and measuring `reply.CalculateSize()`
periodically — protobuf C# does not memoize sizes, making that O(n²), and events over the line
would already be dequeued. (d) A new `ProtocolStatusCode.ReplyTooLarge` enum value — proto change
for a should-be-unreachable backstop; rejected for the same ripple reason as (a).

Parity note: DrainEvents is a gateway-protocol diagnostic, not an MXAccess call — no MXAccess
behavior changes. Control-before-event priority is untouched (the reply stays a Control frame).

**Implementation.**
1. `src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker/MxAccess/WorkerEventDrainResult.cs` (new): sealed class, plain
   constructor + get-only properties (net48-safe): `IReadOnlyList<WorkerEvent> Events`,
   `bool TruncatedBySize`, `int RemainingCount`, `ulong OversizedHeadSequence` (0 = none).
2. `MxAccess/MxAccessEventQueue.cs`: add
   `public WorkerEventDrainResult Drain(uint maxEvents, int maxTotalBytes)` — under `syncRoot`,
   loop `events.Peek()`, compute `workerEvent.CalculateSize() + 8`, dequeue while it fits the
   remaining budget and `drained.Count < maxEvents` (0 = existing "all" semantics for the count
   dimension); on a head event that alone exceeds `maxTotalBytes`, stop and record its
   `WorkerSequence` into `OversizedHeadSequence`; `RemainingCount = events.Count` on exit.
3. `MxAccess/IWorkerRuntimeSession.cs`: add
   `WorkerEventDrainResult DrainEvents(uint maxEvents, int maxTotalBytes);` (no default interface
   method — the worker is net48, which has no DIM runtime support). Implement in
   `MxAccess/MxAccessStaSession.cs` (delegate to the queue) and in every test fake that implements
   the interface (the fake runtime session in `Worker.Tests/Ipc/WorkerPipeSessionTests.cs`).
4. `Ipc/WorkerPipeSession.cs`:
   - add `private const int DrainReplyFrameHeadroomBytes = 64 * 1024;` next to
     `MaxDrainEventsPerReply` (:26) with a comment tying it to the envelope-overhead reserve;
   - `CreateDrainEventsReply` (:537-562): call the byte-budgeted overload with
     `_options.MaxMessageBytes - DrainReplyFrameHeadroomBytes`; when `TruncatedBySize`, set
     `reply.DiagnosticMessage` with returned/remaining counts and, when
     `OversizedHeadSequence != 0`, the blocked sequence;
   - `HandleControlCommandAsync` (:481): wrap `WriteControlReplyAsync(reply, ...)` in
     `try/catch (WorkerFrameProtocolException ex) when (ex.ErrorCode == WorkerFrameProtocolErrorCode.MessageTooLarge)`
     → log `WorkerControlReplyTooLarge` (correlation id, kind, payload size from the exception
     message) and write a fallback `MxCommandReply` (same correlation id/kind,
     `ProtocolStatusCode.InvalidRequest`, explanatory message) via `WriteControlReplyAsync`;
   - `ProcessCommandAsync` (:630-638): put the same catch around the reply write specifically
     (inner try), writing the fallback error reply for the correlation instead of falling into the
     generic catch that sets `_state = WorkerState.Faulted`.
5. Fold WRK-28 into this commit cluster (same lines — see below).
6. Docs same commit: `docs/MxAccessWorkerInstanceDesign.md` — the control-command/DrainEvents
   prose gains the byte cap, the truncation `DiagnosticMessage` contract, and the
   oversized-head-event behavior; note in the Outbound Queues section that no control reply is
   session-fatal on size. `docs/WorkerFrameProtocol.md` — one sentence in the size-limits section:
   the session pre-sizes DrainEvents replies below the negotiated max, and `MessageTooLarge` on a
   reply write is answered with an error reply, not session teardown.

**Verification.** On windev:
`dotnet build src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.csproj -p:Platform=x86`
then
`dotnet test src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests.csproj -p:Platform=x86 --filter "FullyQualifiedName~WorkerPipeSessionTests|FullyQualifiedName~MxAccessEventQueueTests"`.
New tests:
- `WorkerPipeSessionTests.DrainEvents_ByteHeavyQueue_ReplyIsBoundedAndSessionSurvives` — the
  review's named repro: enqueue 10,000 events carrying large string values (≥ ~1.7 KiB each) into
  a real `MxAccessEventQueue` behind the fake runtime, send `DrainEvents max_events=0`; assert the
  reply envelope's serialized size ≤ `MaxMessageBytes`, `DiagnosticMessage` reports truncation,
  and the session still answers a subsequent `Ping` (no fault frame, `RunAsync` still running).
- `WorkerPipeSessionTests.DrainEvents_RepeatedCalls_RecoverAllEventsWithoutLoss` — issue
  DrainEvents until empty; assert the union of replies is exactly the 10,000 enqueued events in
  order (split/bounded replies, zero loss).
- `WorkerPipeSessionTests.ControlReplyTooLarge_WritesErrorReplyInsteadOfDying` — shrink the
  negotiated max via `WorkerFrameProtocolOptions` so the reply write throws `MessageTooLarge`;
  assert a fallback `InvalidRequest` reply with the same correlation id is written and the session
  survives.
- `WorkerPipeSessionTests.CommandReplyTooLarge_WritesErrorReplyInsteadOfFaulting` — same via the
  STA command path (`ProcessCommandAsync`); assert no `WorkerFault`, `_state` stays `Ready`.
- `MxAccessEventQueueTests.Drain_ByteBudget_StopsBeforeBudgetAndLeavesRemainderQueued` — order
  preserved, `RemainingCount` exact, undrained events still present.
- `MxAccessEventQueueTests.Drain_ByteBudget_OversizedHead_DrainsNothingAndReportsHeadSequence`.

---

## WRK-22 — Cancelled `WriteAsync` leaves its frame queued; it is still written later   `Low` · `—`

**Finding.** `WorkerFrameWriter.WriteAsync` enqueues the `PendingFrame` before the cancellable
lock wait (`Ipc/WorkerFrameWriter.cs:87-103`); if `_writeLock.WaitAsync(cancellationToken)`
throws, nothing removes the frame, so the next lock-holder writes it. Concrete scenario: at
shutdown the event-drain loop's token is cancelled (`Ipc/WorkerPipeSession.cs:298-304`) while its
event frame waits for the lock; the shutdown-ack write then drains queues — ack first (Control),
then the orphaned event — so an event frame is emitted *after* `WorkerShutdownAck`, and a write
reported as cancelled to its caller still reaches the wire. **Same defect as IPC-26** (the IPC
review describes this writer); this entry owns the single fix.

**Impact.** Benign today (the gateway drops post-shutdown/unknown frames), but the "cancelled
means not written" contract is silently violated, an unobserved completion lingers, and any future
gateway-side strictness about frames after the ack turns this into a protocol violation.

**Design.** Tombstone on cancellation, claim on dequeue. `Queue<T>` has no random removal, so the
standard fix is: the cancelled caller marks its frame cancelled under `_gate`; `DequeueNext` skips
completed (cancelled) frames and atomically marks the frame it returns as *claimed*. A frame
already claimed by a draining lock-holder is mid-write and can no longer be recalled — the
documented contract becomes "cancellation guarantees the frame is not written *if it has not yet
been claimed*; a claimed frame may still reach the wire." That residual window is unavoidable
without blocking the canceller behind the very write it is abandoning (rejected: it inverts the
point of cancellation). Rejected alternative: switching to a `LinkedList` for O(1) removal —
tombstoning is simpler, allocation-free, and the queues are short-lived.

**Implementation.**
1. `Ipc/WorkerFrameWriter.cs`, nested `PendingFrame`: add `public bool Claimed;` (plain field,
   mutated only under `_gate`).
2. `WriteAsync(envelope, priority, ct)` (:100-113): wrap `await _writeLock.WaitAsync(cancellationToken)`
   in `try/catch (OperationCanceledException)` → `lock (_gate) { if (!frame.Claimed) { frame.Completion.TrySetCanceled(cancellationToken); } }`
   then rethrow. (If already claimed, the frame will be written; the caller still observes the
   cancellation — documented in the method's XML doc.)
3. `DequeueNext` (:200-216): under `_gate`, loop-dequeue past frames whose
   `Completion.Task.IsCanceled`; set `Claimed = true` on the frame actually returned.
   `FailAllQueued`/`FailFrames` already use `TrySetException`, which no-ops on cancelled frames.
4. Docs same commit: the "Write scheduling and sequencing" section of
   `docs/WorkerFrameProtocol.md` (created by WRK-26 — if WRK-26 has not landed yet, carry the
   cancellation paragraph in this commit and let WRK-26 absorb it) states the
   cancelled-means-not-written-unless-claimed contract.

**Verification.** On windev:
`dotnet test src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests.csproj -p:Platform=x86 --filter "FullyQualifiedName~WorkerFrameProtocolTests"`.
New tests:
- `WorkerFrameProtocolTests.WriteAsync_CancelledWhileWaitingForLock_FrameIsNeverWritten` — block
  the stream (gated fake stream) so writer A holds `_writeLock` mid-write; enqueue an event write
  with a CTS; cancel; assert `OperationCanceledException`; unblock A; write a control frame;
  assert the captured wire bytes contain A's frame and the control frame only — the cancelled
  event envelope never appears.
- `WorkerFrameProtocolTests.WriteAsync_CancelledEventFrame_DoesNotTrailShutdownAck` — the review's
  shutdown scenario: cancelled event frame queued, then a Control (ack-shaped) write drains;
  assert the event frame is skipped and the ack is the last frame on the wire.

---

## WRK-23 — Rejected frames consume sequence numbers, producing wire gaps   `Low` · `—`

**Finding.** `WorkerFrameWriter.WriteFrameAsync` stamps `envelope.Sequence = unchecked(++_nextSequence)`
(`Ipc/WorkerFrameWriter.cs:240`) *before* the empty-payload and `MessageTooLarge` checks
(:243-255), so a per-frame rejection leaves a hole in the on-wire sequence. `gateway.md:328` calls
`sequence` a monotonic *diagnostic* counter, so nothing breaks — but the existing test
`WorkerFrameProtocolTests.WriteAsync_UnderConcurrentCalls_StampsGapFreeMonotonicSequence`
documents a stronger gap-free expectation than the code guarantees once a rejection occurs.

**Impact.** Diagnostics only: an operator correlating wire captures sees phantom gaps after any
rejection and may chase a lost-frame bug that does not exist; the test asserts a guarantee the
code does not hold.

**Design.** Peek-stamp, validate, commit. The sequence value participates in `CalculateSize()`
(varint width), so it cannot simply be stamped after the size checks — the checked size would not
match the written payload. Instead compute a *candidate* (`_nextSequence + 1`), stamp it, run the
size/empty checks against the stamped envelope, and only commit `_nextSequence = candidate`
immediately before the stream write. On a per-frame rejection the counter is untouched, so the
next accepted frame reuses the number and the wire stays contiguous. Safe because `_nextSequence`
is only ever touched by the lock-holder (`:44-48`). The rejected envelope retains its tentative
sequence — a caller-visible mutation on a failed envelope that already exists today. Rejected
alternative: decrement on rejection (`--_nextSequence`) — equivalent effect but leaves a window
where the counter was observably advanced; the candidate/commit form has no intermediate state.
Dependency note: after WRK-21 lands, `MessageTooLarge` at the writer becomes a rare backstop, so
this fix is what makes the existing gap-free test's guarantee genuinely true rather than
usually-true.

**Implementation.**
1. `Ipc/WorkerFrameWriter.cs`, `WriteFrameAsync` (:234-267): keep
   `WorkerEnvelopeValidator.Validate` first; replace the stamp with
   `ulong candidate = unchecked(_nextSequence + 1); envelope.Sequence = candidate;`; after the
   empty-payload and `MaxMessageBytes` checks pass, `_nextSequence = candidate;` immediately
   before the buffer build/`WriteTo`. Update the :45-48 comment.
2. Docs same commit: none required beyond WRK-26's scheduling section, which should state
   "rejected frames do not consume sequence numbers" once this lands (see WRK-26 ordering note).

**Verification.** On windev:
`dotnet test src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests.csproj -p:Platform=x86 --filter "FullyQualifiedName~WorkerFrameProtocolTests"`.
New test:
- `WorkerFrameProtocolTests.WriteAsync_PerFrameRejection_DoesNotConsumeSequence` — write an
  accepted frame, attempt an oversized frame (assert `MessageTooLarge` rejection), write another
  accepted frame; assert the two on-wire frames carry sequences 1 and 2.
The existing `WriteAsync_UnderConcurrentCalls_StampsGapFreeMonotonicSequence` must still pass.

---

## WRK-24 — `AdoptNegotiatedMaxMessageBytes` has no lower-bound sanity check   `Low` · `—`

**Finding.** `Ipc/WorkerFrameProtocolOptions.cs:124-140` — 0 keeps the default and >256 MiB
throws, but any value from 1 byte up is adopted. A gateway bug or a foreign/old gateway sending
e.g. 512 leaves the session alive but unable to write any frame (every write fails
`MessageTooLarge`) and unable to read most inbound frames — failing confusingly mid-session rather
than at the handshake, contradicting the class's own declared intent (:14-18, "a nonsensical
negotiated value is rejected at the handshake"). The gateway's own validator floors its config at
1024 (`src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Server/Configuration/GatewayOptionsValidator.cs:10,230-233`).

**Impact.** A misconfigured or buggy peer produces a session that handshakes cleanly and then
fails every subsequent operation with per-frame size errors — the worst diagnostic shape for an
operator, and exactly what the top-end check was added to prevent.

**Design.** Mirror the gateway's validation floor: reject negotiated values below 1024 with the
same `InvalidConfiguration` error the ceiling uses, so the failure is a handshake-time fault frame
(`ValidateGatewayHello` → `CompleteStartupHandshakeAsync`'s `WorkerFrameProtocolException` catch →
`TryWriteFaultAsync` + throw) instead of a mid-session mystery. Floor value: **1024**, matching
`GatewayOptionsValidator.MinimumMaxMessageBytes` — the worker must never reject a value the
gateway's own validator accepts as legal configuration. Rejected alternative: a 64 KiB floor
(review's other suggestion) — safer-sounding but would turn a gateway legitimately configured
anywhere in [1024, 65535] into a handshake failure; symmetry of the two processes' validation
bounds is the defensible contract, and 1024 already guarantees hellos, heartbeats, acks, and
faults fit.

**Implementation.**
1. `Ipc/WorkerFrameProtocolOptions.cs`: add
   `public const int MinNegotiableFrameBytes = 1024;` (XML doc: matches the gateway's
   `MinimumMaxMessageBytes` validation floor); in `AdoptNegotiatedMaxMessageBytes`, after the
   `== 0` early return, throw `WorkerFrameProtocolException(InvalidConfiguration)` when
   `negotiatedMaxFrameBytes < MinNegotiableFrameBytes`, message symmetrical with the ceiling text.
2. Docs same commit: `docs/WorkerFrameProtocol.md` negotiated-max paragraph (:25-30) — state the
   accepted range [1024, 256 MiB], 0 = keep default, out-of-range rejected at the handshake.

**Verification.** On windev:
`dotnet test src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests.csproj -p:Platform=x86 --filter "FullyQualifiedName~WorkerFrameProtocolTests|FullyQualifiedName~WorkerPipeSessionTests"`.
New tests:
- `WorkerFrameProtocolTests.AdoptNegotiatedMaxMessageBytes_BelowFloor_ThrowsInvalidConfiguration`
  (512 → throws; 1024 → adopted; boundary pair).
- `WorkerPipeSessionTests.Handshake_GatewayHelloWithTinyMaxFrameBytes_FaultsAtHandshake` — mirror
  of the existing >256 MiB handshake test: `GatewayHello.MaxFrameBytes = 512` → fault frame
  written, handshake throws, no message loop entered.

---

## WRK-25 — WRK-12 flush coalescing never engages on the event hot path   `Low` · `P2`

**Finding.** The event drain loop awaits each event's `WriteAsync` — which completes only after
that frame is written *and flushed* — before writing the next
(`Ipc/WorkerPipeSession.cs:374-382`), so the writer's event queue holds at most one frame from the
drain loop and every event still costs one flush. The batch flush path
(`Ipc/WorkerFrameWriter.cs:120-124, 160-182`) only coalesces when independent producers happen to
queue behind a blocked in-progress write. Residual of prior Done item WRK-12: the tracking-log
claim "a burst of N events costs 1 flush not N" does not describe production behavior.

**Impact.** Performance only: under event bursts (the gateway's core load) each event pays a
semaphore round-trip and a pipe flush; the shipped coalescing mechanism sits idle on the exact
path it was built for.

**Design.** Give the drain loop a real batch entry point: `WriteBatchAsync` on the writer —
enqueue every frame of the drained batch under one `_gate` acquisition (preserving intra-batch
order), take the write lock once, drain (existing logic: control-first, one flush per batch),
then await all completions. The existing single-drainer machinery then does exactly what WRK-12
intended: N events, one flush. Guarantees preserved: control-before-event holds because the batch
still lands in `_eventFrames` and any concurrently queued control frame is drained first by
`DequeueNext`; intra-batch event order holds because the enqueue is atomic under `_gate` and the
event queue is FIFO; the "written and flushed before completion" contract is unchanged. A
per-frame rejection inside the batch (an oversized single event) surfaces from the awaited
completions and terminates the session exactly as today — that policy is IPC-30's, deliberately
not changed here. Rejected alternative (review's other option): fire N `WriteAsync` calls and
`Task.WhenAll` — works (each call enqueues synchronously before its first await) but costs N
semaphore acquisitions and N no-op drains for zero benefit over the explicit batch. Depends on
WRK-22 landing first or together: both touch the enqueue/`DequeueNext` seam, and batch cancellation
reuses WRK-22's tombstoning.

**Implementation.**
1. `Ipc/WorkerFrameWriter.cs`: add
   `public async Task WriteBatchAsync(IReadOnlyList<WorkerEnvelope> envelopes, WorkerFrameWritePriority priority, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)`
   — build a `PendingFrame[]`, enqueue all under one `lock (_gate)`, single
   `await _writeLock.WaitAsync(cancellationToken)` (on `OperationCanceledException`: tombstone all
   unclaimed frames per WRK-22, rethrow), `DrainQueuedFramesAsync()`, release, then await each
   completion in order (plain loop over the array — no LINQ needed, net48-safe either way).
2. `Ipc/WorkerPipeSession.cs`, `RunEventDrainLoopAsync` (:374-382): replace the per-event awaited
   loop with building the envelope list for the drained batch and one
   `WriteBatchAsync(envelopes, WorkerFrameWritePriority.Event, cancellationToken)`. Keep the
   priority comment, updated.
3. Docs same commit: `docs/WorkerFrameProtocol.md` scheduling section (WRK-26, which lands earlier
   as P1) — amend its flush-coalescing sentence to say the event drain loop submits drained
   batches through the batch entry point, so a burst of N events costs one flush.

**Verification.** On windev:
`dotnet test src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests.csproj -p:Platform=x86 --filter "FullyQualifiedName~WorkerFrameProtocolTests|FullyQualifiedName~WorkerPipeSessionTests"`.
New tests:
- `WorkerFrameProtocolTests.WriteBatchAsync_FlushesOnceAndPreservesOrder` — flush-counting fake
  stream; N event envelopes → exactly one flush, wire order = batch order, sequences monotonic.
- `WorkerFrameProtocolTests.WriteBatchAsync_ControlFrameQueuedDuringBatch_JumpsRemainingEvents` —
  control-before-event still holds mid-batch.
- `WorkerPipeSessionTests.EventBurst_DrainLoopCoalescesFlushes` — fake runtime yields a 128-event
  batch; assert the capturing stream saw one flush for the batch (this is the assertion the WRK-12
  tracking claim needs to actually be true).

---

## WRK-26 — Write-priority and overflow doc drift from the WRK-07 change   `Low` · `P1`

**Finding.** `docs/MxAccessWorkerInstanceDesign.md:607-613` still specifies the five-level write
priority (faults > replies > shutdown acks > heartbeats > events) while the implementation is a
two-class scheduler (Control FIFO, then Event — `Ipc/WorkerFrameWritePriority.cs:10-17`,
`Ipc/WorkerFrameWriter.cs:200-216`); within Control a fault does not jump queued
heartbeats/replies. `docs/WorkerFrameProtocol.md` describes the negotiated max (:25-30) but says
nothing about priority classes, flush coalescing, write-time sequence stamping, or the per-frame
vs stream-failure semantics. The adjacent overflow-policy text
(`docs/MxAccessWorkerInstanceDesign.md:615-624`, "stop accepting new commands") is also stale
against the implemented fail-fast (WRK-18's doc half). CLAUDE.md requires affected docs to change
in the same commit as the source; this is the residual of Done item WRK-07. Roadmap P1 doc-drift
batch (item 8); **discharges IPC-29**, which asks for the same `WorkerFrameProtocol.md` section.

**Impact.** The component design doc actively misleads: a maintainer adding a new frame kind will
look for a five-level queue that does not exist, and the accepted FIFO-within-control decision is
recorded nowhere, so it reads as a defect rather than a choice.

**Design.** Doc-only; make the docs describe the implemented scheduler and record the decision.
No code change — the two-class scheduler is correct and accepted (the review's deep-dive found it
deadlock-free and lost-wakeup-free; within-Control FIFO is bounded by the small control queue
depth). Ordering note: this is P1 and will likely land before WRK-23/WRK-25 (P2/untierred), so the
new text must describe HEAD truthfully at commit time — sequence numbers *are* consumed by rejected
frames until WRK-23 lands, and event flushes are *not* yet coalesced on the drain path until
WRK-25 lands; write those two facts as they are, and WRK-23/WRK-25 update the sentences in their
own commits (same-commit docs rule applies to them too).

**Implementation.**
1. `docs/MxAccessWorkerInstanceDesign.md:602-624`: rewrite the "Outbound Queues" section —
   two-class cooperative scheduler (`WorkerFrameWriter` + `WorkerFrameWritePriority`): Control
   (faults, command replies, shutdown acks, heartbeats, hello/ready) FIFO among themselves and
   always ahead of Event frames; enqueue-then-contend, lock-holder drains all queued frames;
   record the accepted decision that the original five-level order was collapsed and why (control
   queue is shallow, so intra-control FIFO delay is bounded and the machinery stays simple).
   Rewrite the overflow paragraph to the implemented fail-fast (fault written, drain loop throws,
   process exits — currently the generic exit code; WRK-18 still tracks the dedicated code).
2. `docs/WorkerFrameProtocol.md`: add a "Write scheduling and sequencing" section — priority
   classes; `Sequence` stamped at the moment of writing under the write lock so wire order and
   stamped sequence always agree; per-frame rejections (`InvalidEnvelope`, `MessageTooLarge`,
   version/session mismatch) fail only that frame while stream failures fail the batch and all
   queued frames; flush coalescing across a drained batch and the "written and flushed" completion
   contract; the rejection/sequence-gap behavior as it stands at commit time (see ordering note);
   cancellation semantics once WRK-22 lands (or carried by WRK-22's commit if it lands later).
3. Cross-check `gateway.md:328-330` (sequence prose) still reads true; touch only if wrong.

**Verification.** Doc-only — no build impact. Sanity on any host:
`grep -n "faults" docs/MxAccessWorkerInstanceDesign.md` shows no remaining five-level list;
`grep -n "scheduling" docs/WorkerFrameProtocol.md` finds the new section. Follow
`docs/style-guides/StyleGuide.md` (present tense, explain why). Confirm the IPC remediation
register marks IPC-29 as discharged by this item.

---

## WRK-27 — Alarm poll bypasses the watchdog's in-flight suppression (15 s vs 75 s)   `Low` · `—`

**Finding.** `MxAccess/MxAccessStaSession.cs:245-253` invokes `handler.PollOnce()` via
`staRuntime.InvokeAsync` directly, bypassing `StaCommandDispatcher`; `CaptureHeartbeat` takes
`CurrentCommandCorrelationId` only from the dispatcher (:364-381), so during a long `PollOnce` the
heartbeat shows no in-flight command and the watchdog fires `StaHung` as soon as staleness exceeds
`HeartbeatGrace` (15 s default) rather than the 75 s `HeartbeatStuckCeiling` granted to dispatched
commands (`Ipc/WorkerPipeSession.cs:843-861`).

**Impact.** A healthy-but-slow `GetXmlCurrentAlarms2` (large alarm set, busy provider) blocking
the STA for >15 s faults a healthy session. Partially defensible — a blocked STA cannot deliver
data events either — but the 15 s vs 75 s asymmetry between polls and commands is unintentional.

**Design.** Surface poll-in-progress to the watchdog through the heartbeat snapshot as a boolean,
and have the suppression branch honor it alongside `CurrentCommandCorrelationId`. The poll then
gets exactly the command treatment: suppressed up to the ceiling, faulted past it (a poll that
blocks the STA >75 s without pumping *should* fault — that is the ceiling's contract). All types
touched are worker-internal; the heartbeat proto is unchanged, so no contract/client work.
Rejected alternatives: (a) routing the poll through `StaCommandDispatcher` — inflates
`PendingCommandCount`, subjects polls to the 128-entry command backpressure and
shutdown-rejection semantics, and perturbs dispatch ordering for real gateway commands; the poll
is infrastructure, not a command. (b) A synthetic correlation id (e.g. `"alarm-poll"`) in the
heartbeat — visible to the gateway, which treats correlation ids as real command identifiers
(dashboards, per-command timeout logic); misrepresenting a nonexistent command crosses an
observability contract for a purely local suppression need.

**Implementation.**
1. `MxAccess/MxAccessStaSession.cs`: add `private volatile bool staAlarmPollInProgress;`; in the
   delegate passed to `staRuntime.InvokeAsync` in `RunAlarmPollLoopAsync` (:247-253), set it
   `true` immediately before `EnsureOnAlarmConsumerThread()`/`handler.PollOnce()` and clear it in
   a `finally` — the flag flips on the STA thread exactly around the COM call.
2. `MxAccess/WorkerRuntimeHeartbeatSnapshot.cs`: add a `bool StaCallInProgress` get-only property
   and constructor parameter (plain ctor assignment — net48-safe; update all construction sites,
   including tests). Named generically ("an STA call outside the dispatcher is executing") so any
   future non-dispatcher STA work reuses it.
3. `MxAccess/MxAccessStaSession.CaptureHeartbeat` (:364-381): pass `staAlarmPollInProgress`.
4. `Ipc/WorkerPipeSession.ReportWatchdogFaultIfNeededAsync` (:850-861): change the suppression
   condition to
   `(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(snapshot.CurrentCommandCorrelationId) || snapshot.StaCallInProgress) && staleFor <= _sessionOptions.HeartbeatStuckCeiling`;
   extend the branch comment.
5. Docs same commit: `docs/MxAccessWorkerInstanceDesign.md` watchdog section (~:656-702) — one
   paragraph: the alarm poll runs outside the dispatcher, advertises itself via the snapshot's
   STA-call-in-progress flag, and receives the same grace-to-ceiling suppression as dispatched
   commands.

**Verification.** On windev:
`dotnet build src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.csproj -p:Platform=x86`
then
`dotnet test src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests.csproj -p:Platform=x86 --filter "FullyQualifiedName~WorkerPipeSessionTests|FullyQualifiedName~MxAccessStaSessionTests"`.
New tests:
- `WorkerPipeSessionTests.Watchdog_StaCallInProgress_SuppressedUntilCeiling` — fake runtime
  returns a snapshot with activity stale beyond `HeartbeatGrace` but within the ceiling, empty
  correlation id, `StaCallInProgress = true`; assert no `StaHung` fault; then a snapshot stale
  beyond the ceiling; assert the fault fires (parity with the existing command-suppression tests).
- `MxAccessStaSessionTests.CaptureHeartbeat_DuringAlarmPoll_ReportsStaCallInProgress` — block
  `PollOnce` on a gate in a stub alarm handler, capture a heartbeat mid-poll, assert the flag;
  release, assert it clears.

---

## WRK-28 — 10,000 drain cap is a duplicated magic constant with a comment-only sync contract   `Low` · `—`

**Finding.** `Ipc/WorkerPipeSession.cs:26` (`MaxDrainEventsPerReply = 10_000`, "Kept in step with
that public ceiling") vs `src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Server/Grpc/MxAccessGrpcRequestValidator.cs:13`
(`MaxDrainEventsPerRequest = 10_000`). Both projects already reference the Contracts assembly
(`net10.0;net48`), which could own the constant.

**Impact.** Conventions/maintenance: nothing enforces the sync; the next person to tune one side
silently desynchronizes the gateway's loud rejection threshold from the worker's clamp.

**Design.** Move the ceiling into the Contracts project next to the existing protocol constants in
`GatewayContractInfo` (`src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Contracts/GatewayContractInfo.cs`) and reference
it from both sides. A C# `const` only — **no `.proto` change**, so no generated-code regeneration
and no language-client impact (the cap is documented behavior, not wire schema). Land in the same
commit cluster as WRK-21, which rewrites the exact worker lines that consume it. Rejected
alternative: leaving two constants with a unit test asserting equality — works, but the shared
constant removes the failure mode instead of detecting it.

**Implementation.**
1. `src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Contracts/GatewayContractInfo.cs`: add
   `public const uint MaxDrainEventsPerCommand = 10_000;` with XML doc naming both consumers (the
   gateway's request-validation ceiling and the worker's per-reply clamp) and the byte-cap caveat
   from WRK-21 (count is necessary, not sufficient).
2. `src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Server/Grpc/MxAccessGrpcRequestValidator.cs:13,81-85`: delete the
   private const; reference `GatewayContractInfo.MaxDrainEventsPerCommand` (error text unchanged).
3. `src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker/Ipc/WorkerPipeSession.cs:26,545-557`: delete
   `MaxDrainEventsPerReply`; reference the shared constant; trim the "kept in step" comment to
   point at the shared home.
4. Docs same commit: none required (no behavior change); if `docs/GatewayConfiguration.md` or the
   DrainEvents prose names the literal 10,000, point it at the shared constant's home.

**Verification.** Both sides build: on macOS
`dotnet build src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.NonWindows.slnx` and
`dotnet test src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Tests/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Tests.csproj --filter "FullyQualifiedName~MxAccessGrpcRequestValidator"`;
on windev
`dotnet build src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.csproj -p:Platform=x86`
and
`dotnet test src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests.csproj -p:Platform=x86 --filter "FullyQualifiedName~WorkerPipeSessionTests"`.
Existing drain-bound tests on both sides are the regression guard; no new tests needed beyond
WRK-21's.

---

## Cross-references and sequencing

- **WRK-21 = IPC-23** (single defect, single fix — owned here; the IPC register should link to
  this entry). Its `ProcessCommandAsync` backstop narrows command replies only; the oversized
  *event-stream* frame policy remains **IPC-30** (out of scope here — a delivery-expectations
  decision, not a mechanics fix).
- **WRK-22 = IPC-26** (single defect, single fix — owned here). WRK-25 builds on WRK-22's
  claim/tombstone machinery — land WRK-22 first or together.
- **WRK-23** interacts with WRK-21: byte capping makes writer-level `MessageTooLarge` a rare
  backstop, and WRK-23 then makes the gap-free sequence guarantee (already asserted by an existing
  test) actually hold across that backstop.
- **WRK-26** (P1) lands before the P2/untierred code items — its text must describe HEAD at commit
  time; WRK-23 and WRK-25 each update the affected sentences in their own commits per the
  same-commit docs rule. WRK-26 also discharges **IPC-29**.
- Suggested commit clusters: (1) WRK-21 + WRK-28 [P0]; (2) WRK-26 [P1 doc batch, with TST-27 /
  CLI-42 per roadmap item 8]; (3) WRK-22 + WRK-25 [writer seam]; (4) WRK-23; (5) WRK-24; (6)
  WRK-27. Run the full worker suite on windev once per cluster batch, not per task
  (`dotnet test src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Worker.Tests.csproj -p:Platform=x86`).
- Prior-cycle open items touching the same code (WRK-02/03/05/08/09/10/13/14/16/17/18/19 —
  confirmed still open by this review) remain tracked in `archreview/remediation/20-worker.md`;
  WRK-26 deliberately folds in WRK-18's stale overflow *prose* but leaves its exit-code half open.
