# .NET Client Projects

The .NET client workspace contains the MXAccess Gateway client library, test
CLI, and unit tests.

## Projects

| Project | Purpose |
|---------|---------|
| `ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client` | .NET 10 library entry point, raw gRPC calls, and session helpers. |
| `ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli` | Test CLI for smoke and diagnostic commands. |
| `ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Tests` | Unit tests for client options, generated contract wiring, auth metadata, session helpers, cancellation, and event streaming. |

The projects reference `src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Contracts/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Contracts.csproj` so
the client compiles against the same generated protobuf and gRPC types as the
gateway. `clients/dotnet/generated` remains reserved for generator output if a
future client build switches to client-local `Grpc.Tools` generation.

## Build And Test

```powershell
dotnet build clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.slnx
dotnet test clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.slnx --no-build
```

## Packaging

Create local library and CLI artifacts from the repository root:

```powershell
$dotnetPackageOutput = Join-Path (Get-Location) 'artifacts/clients/dotnet'
dotnet pack clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.csproj -c Release -p:PackageOutputPath="$dotnetPackageOutput"
dotnet publish clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli.csproj -c Release -o artifacts/clients/dotnet/mxgw-dotnet
```

The library package references the shared contracts project at build time. The
published CLI runs from `artifacts/clients/dotnet/mxgw-dotnet`.

## Regenerating Protobuf Bindings

The .NET client uses the generated C# types from
`src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Contracts/Generated`. Regenerate those files through the
contracts project:

```powershell
dotnet build src/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Contracts/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Contracts.csproj
```

## Client Usage

`MxGatewayClient` opens a gRPC channel to the gateway and attaches the API key
to every unary and streaming call as `authorization: Bearer <api-key>`.
Cancellation tokens passed to the public methods flow to the generated gRPC
call. Client-side cancellation stops waiting for the gateway response; it does
not abort an MXAccess COM call that is already executing inside a worker.

```csharp
await using MxGatewayClient client = MxGatewayClient.Create(
    new MxGatewayClientOptions
    {
        Endpoint = new Uri("http://localhost:5000"),
        ApiKey = apiKey,
    });

MxGatewaySession session = await client.OpenSessionAsync();
try
{
    int serverHandle = await session.RegisterAsync("sample-client");
    int itemHandle = await session.AddItemAsync(
        serverHandle,
        "Area001.Pump001.Speed");

    await session.AdviseAsync(serverHandle, itemHandle);
}
finally
{
    await session.CloseAsync();
}
```

Use `OpenSessionRawAsync`, `CloseSessionRawAsync`, `InvokeAsync`, and
`StreamEventsAsync` when tests or parity tools need direct generated protobuf
messages. `MxGatewaySession.OpenSessionReply` keeps the raw session-open reply
available, and command helpers have `*RawAsync` variants when callers need the
complete `MxCommandReply`.

For alarms, the client exposes `QueryActiveAlarmsAsync` (one-shot snapshot of
the active alarms the gateway's central monitor currently holds),
`StreamAlarmsAsync` (server-streaming feed of alarm-state-change messages
keyed by the same monitor), and `AcknowledgeAlarmAsync` (ack by alarm
reference, optional comment, ack target). All three accept a cancellation
token and pass through the `MxGateway:Alarms` configuration on the
server — when alarms are disabled, the gateway returns an empty list / empty
stream rather than failing.

`MxGatewaySession.CloseAsync` is explicit and idempotent. Repeated calls return
the first `CloseSessionReply` instead of sending another close request.

## Values, Status, And Errors

The client provides extension helpers for generated protobuf values. Use
`ToMxValue()` on .NET scalar values and typed arrays to create `MxValue`
instances for `Write` and `Write2`. Use `ToClrValue()` and
`GetProjectionKind()` when test or diagnostic code needs to inspect generated
`MxValue` replies while preserving `rawDiagnostic`, raw data type fields, and
raw byte payloads.

`MxStatusProxy.IsSuccess()` and `ToDiagnosticSummary()` expose MXAccess status
arrays without collapsing them into a single gateway success flag. Command
reply helpers follow the same split:

```csharp
reply.EnsureProtocolSuccess();
reply.EnsureMxAccessSuccess();
```

`EnsureProtocolSuccess()` raises gateway, session, worker, or command
exceptions for gateway-level failures. It leaves
`PROTOCOL_STATUS_CODE_MXACCESS_FAILURE` to `EnsureMxAccessSuccess()` so callers
can keep the full `MxCommandReply`, HRESULT, and status array when MXAccess
itself rejects a command. `MxAccessException.Reply` contains the raw generated
reply.

## Write Semantics And Common Pitfalls

These are MXAccess parity behaviors that surprise new callers. The gateway
forwards them unchanged — it does not paper over them.

### Attributing a write to a user without `AuthenticateUser`

MXAccess only stamps a plain `Write`/`Write2` with a Galaxy user id when the
item carries an active *supervisory* advise. If you are **not** using the
verified/secured path (`AuthenticateUser` → `WriteSecured`/`WriteSecured2`) but
still need the write attributed to a user id, you must first advise the item
supervisory and then pass that user id on the write. Without the supervisory
advise the `userId` on a plain write is ignored.

The library exposes `Advise`/`UnAdvise` as named helpers but not supervisory
advise, so send it through the generic command channel:

```csharp
await session.InvokeAsync(new MxCommandRequest
{
    SessionId = session.SessionId,
    Command = new MxCommand
    {
        Kind = MxCommandKind.AdviseSupervisory,
        AdviseSupervisory = new AdviseSupervisoryCommand
        {
            ServerHandle = serverHandle,
            ItemHandle = itemHandle,
        },
    },
});

await session.WriteAsync(serverHandle, itemHandle, value.ToMxValue(), userId);
```

The CLI exposes the same command as `advise-supervisory`, and `write` /
`write2` take `--user-id`.

### Array writes replace the whole array

A write to an array attribute **replaces the entire array**; it is not an
element-wise patch. To change a subset of elements, send the full array with
the unchanged elements included. For example, to change 2 elements of a
20-element array, build the `MxValue` from all 20 values (the 18 unchanged plus
the 2 new ones). Sending only the 2 changed values overwrites the attribute
with a 2-element array.

When only a few indices need changing and the rest should be reset to the
element type's default, use `WriteArrayElementsAsync` instead of building the
full array manually:

```csharp
await session.WriteArrayElementsAsync(
    serverHandle, itemHandle,
    elementDataType: MxDataType.Integer,
    totalLength: 20,
    elements: new Dictionary<uint, MxValue>
    {
        [2] = 42.ToMxValue(),
        [7] = 99.ToMxValue(),
    });
```

The gateway expands the sparse descriptor into a full `totalLength`-element
array before forwarding to the worker. Indices not listed in `elements` are
written as the element type's default — this is a **reset**, not a preserve;
current values at those positions are discarded. `totalLength` is required and
must match the declared length of the array attribute. Bare-name array items
(`Area001.Pump001.Speed`) are auto-normalized to the `[]` form across the whole
add family — `AddItem`, `AddItem2`, `AddItemBulk`, and `AddBufferedItem` — so the
array attribute accepts the write.

## CLI Usage

The test CLI supports deterministic JSON output for automation:

```powershell
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- version --json
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- open-session --endpoint http://localhost:5000 --api-key-env MXGATEWAY_API_KEY --json
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- register --session-id <id> --client-name mxgw-dotnet-cli --json
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- add-item --session-id <id> --server-handle 1 --item Area001.Pump001.Speed --json
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- advise --session-id <id> --server-handle 1 --item-handle 1 --json
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- write --session-id <id> --server-handle 1 --item-handle 1 --type int32 --value 123 --json
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- write2 --session-id <id> --server-handle 1 --item-handle 1 --type int32 --value 123 --timestamp 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z --json
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- stream-events --session-id <id> --max-events 1 --json
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- stream-alarms --filter-prefix Area001 --max-events 1 --json
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- acknowledge-alarm --reference "\\Galaxy\Area001.Pump001.PumpFault" --comment "ack from cli" --operator operator1 --json
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- smoke --endpoint http://localhost:5000 --api-key-env MXGATEWAY_API_KEY --item Area001.Pump001.Speed --json
```

`smoke` opens a session, registers a client, adds one item, advises it,
optionally writes a value when `--type` and `--value` are supplied, reads a
bounded event stream, and closes the session in a `finally` block. CLI error
output redacts API keys supplied through `--api-key`.

## Galaxy Repository Browse

`GalaxyRepositoryClient` is a separate read-only wrapper around the
`GalaxyRepository` gRPC service exposed by the same gateway. It shares the API
key auth interceptor with `MxGatewayClient` and requires the `metadata:read`
scope server-side. Use it to probe the ZB SQL connection, watch
`time_of_last_deploy` for redeployments, and enumerate the deployed Galaxy
object hierarchy plus each object's dynamic attributes.

```csharp
await using GalaxyRepositoryClient repository = GalaxyRepositoryClient.Create(
    new MxGatewayClientOptions
    {
        Endpoint = new Uri("http://localhost:5000"),
        ApiKey = apiKey,
    });

bool ok = await repository.TestConnectionAsync();
DateTime? lastDeploy = await repository.GetLastDeployTimeAsync();

IReadOnlyList<GalaxyObject> objects = await repository.DiscoverHierarchyAsync();
foreach (GalaxyObject galaxyObject in objects)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"{galaxyObject.TagName} ({galaxyObject.ContainedName})");
    foreach (GalaxyAttribute attribute in galaxyObject.Attributes)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"  {attribute.AttributeName} -> {attribute.FullTagReference}");
    }
}
```

Use `DiscoverHierarchyOptions` to request a server-side slice without pulling
the full Galaxy:

```csharp
IReadOnlyList<GalaxyObject> pumps = await repository.DiscoverHierarchyAsync(
    new DiscoverHierarchyOptions
    {
        RootContainedPath = "Area1/Line3",
        TagNameGlob = "Pump_*",
        IncludeAttributes = false,
    });
```

The CLI exposes the same operations:

```powershell
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- galaxy-test-connection --endpoint http://localhost:5000 --api-key-env MXGATEWAY_API_KEY --json
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- galaxy-last-deploy --endpoint http://localhost:5000 --api-key-env MXGATEWAY_API_KEY --json
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- galaxy-discover --endpoint http://localhost:5000 --api-key-env MXGATEWAY_API_KEY
```

### Browsing lazily

For UI trees or OPC UA bridges, use `BrowseChildrenAsync` to walk one level at a
time instead of paging the full hierarchy. Pass an empty request for root objects;
subsequent calls supply `ParentGobjectId`, `ParentTagName`, or
`ParentContainedPath`. Each child's `ChildHasChildren[i]` tells you whether to
draw an expand triangle. Filter fields match `DiscoverHierarchy`. See
[Galaxy Repository](../../docs/GalaxyRepository.md#browsechildren) for full
request and filter semantics.

```csharp
BrowseChildrenReply roots = await repository.BrowseChildrenAsync(
    new BrowseChildrenRequest());

for (int i = 0; i < roots.Children.Count; i++)
{
    GalaxyObject child = roots.Children[i];
    bool hasChildren = roots.ChildHasChildren[i];
    Console.WriteLine($"{child.TagName} expand={hasChildren}");
}
```

#### High-level walker

For UI trees, the client provides a `LazyBrowseNode` walker that handles
sibling pagination and the `child_has_children` hint for you:

```csharp
await using GalaxyRepositoryClient repository = GalaxyRepositoryClient.Create(
    new MxGatewayClientOptions { Endpoint = new Uri("http://localhost:5000"), ApiKey = apiKey });
IReadOnlyList<LazyBrowseNode> roots = await repository.BrowseAsync();
foreach (LazyBrowseNode root in roots)
{
    if (root.HasChildrenHint)
    {
        await root.ExpandAsync();
    }
    foreach (LazyBrowseNode child in root.Children)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"{child.Object.TagName} ({(child.HasChildrenHint ? "has children" : "leaf")})");
    }
}
```

`ExpandAsync` is idempotent — calling it twice fires only one RPC,
and is safe under concurrent callers. To refresh after a Galaxy redeploy, call
`BrowseAsync` again from the root.

The CLI counterpart is `galaxy-browse`. Without `--parent` it walks the root
objects and eagerly expands `--depth` further levels into an indented tree; with
`--parent <gobject-id>` it fetches exactly one level of children for that object
(`--depth` is ignored there). Filter flags map onto `BrowseChildrenOptions`:
`--category-ids` and `--template-contains` are comma-separated lists,
`--tag-name-glob` / `--alarm-bearing-only` / `--historized-only` are scalar, and
`--include-attributes` overrides the server default for attribute population.

```powershell
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- galaxy-browse --endpoint http://localhost:5000 --api-key-env MXGATEWAY_API_KEY --depth 1
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- galaxy-browse --endpoint http://localhost:5000 --api-key-env MXGATEWAY_API_KEY --parent 42 --json
```

### Watching deploy events

`WatchDeployEventsAsync` opens the `WatchDeployEvents` server-streaming RPC. The
server emits a bootstrap event with the current state on subscribe, then one
event per new `time_of_last_deploy`. Pass a `lastSeenDeployTime` to suppress the
bootstrap when the caller already holds the current deploy time. Use the
monotonic `Sequence` field to detect dropped events: gaps mean the
per-subscriber server-side buffer overflowed and the caller should reconcile.

Streaming RPCs are not wrapped by the unary safe-read retry pipeline. The
caller is responsible for reopening the stream on transient failures.

```csharp
await using GalaxyRepositoryClient repository = GalaxyRepositoryClient.Create(options);

DateTimeOffset? lastSeen = null;
await foreach (DeployEvent evt in repository.WatchDeployEventsAsync(
    lastSeen,
    cancellationToken))
{
    Console.WriteLine(
        $"seq={evt.Sequence} objects={evt.ObjectCount} attributes={evt.AttributeCount}");
    if (evt.TimeOfLastDeployPresent && evt.TimeOfLastDeploy is not null)
    {
        lastSeen = evt.TimeOfLastDeploy.ToDateTimeOffset();
    }
}
```

The CLI counterpart streams events until Ctrl+C (or `--max-events`):

```powershell
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- galaxy-watch --endpoint http://localhost:5000 --api-key-env MXGATEWAY_API_KEY
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- galaxy-watch --endpoint http://localhost:5000 --api-key-env MXGATEWAY_API_KEY --last-seen-deploy-time 2026-04-28T14:30:00Z --json
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- galaxy-watch --endpoint http://localhost:5000 --api-key-env MXGATEWAY_API_KEY --max-events 5 --json
```

Use TLS options for a secured gateway:

```powershell
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- smoke --endpoint https://ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.example.local:5001 --tls --ca-file C:\certs\mxgateway-ca.pem --server-name ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.example.local --api-key-env MXGATEWAY_API_KEY --item Area001.Pump001.Speed --json
```

### TLS trust

The gateway can auto-generate its own self-signed certificate (it has no PKI), so
the client is **lenient by default**: a TLS connection (`UseTls` / `--tls`) with
no pinned CA accepts whatever certificate the gateway presents. To verify
instead, pin a CA with `CaCertificatePath` / `--ca-file` (this path also enforces
the certificate hostname/SAN match), or set `RequireCertificateValidation` to
force OS/system-trust verification without pinning. Use `ServerNameOverride` /
`--server-name` when the dialed host differs from the certificate SAN. See
[Gateway Configuration](../../docs/GatewayConfiguration.md#automatic-self-signed-certificate).

## Integration Checks

Run live checks only when a gateway and MXAccess-backed worker are available:

```powershell
$env:MXGATEWAY_INTEGRATION = '1'
$env:MXGATEWAY_ENDPOINT = 'http://localhost:5000'
$env:MXGATEWAY_API_KEY = '<gateway-api-key>'
$env:MXGATEWAY_TEST_ITEM = 'Area001.Pump001.Speed'
dotnet run --project clients/dotnet/ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client.Cli -- smoke --endpoint $env:MXGATEWAY_ENDPOINT --api-key-env MXGATEWAY_API_KEY --item $env:MXGATEWAY_TEST_ITEM --json
```

## Installing as a NuGet Package

The client publishes to the internal Gitea NuGet feed at
`https://gitea.dohertylan.com/api/packages/dohertj2/nuget/index.json`.

Add the feed once:

````bash
dotnet nuget add source https://gitea.dohertylan.com/api/packages/dohertj2/nuget/index.json \
    --name dohertj2-gitea \
    --username <gitea-username> \
    --password <gitea-token-or-password> \
    --store-password-in-clear-text
````

Then add the package to your project:

````bash
dotnet add package ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client --version 0.1.1
````

The `ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Contracts` package is pulled in transitively.

## Related Documentation

- [Client Packaging](../../docs/ClientPackaging.md)
- [Client Proto Generation](../../docs/ClientProtoGeneration.md)
- [.NET Client Detailed Design](./DotnetClientDesign.md)
