mxaccess/src/MxAsbClient.Probe/Program.cs

using MxAsbClient;
using System.Globalization;

string endpoint = GetArg(args, "--endpoint")
    ?? "net.tcp://desktop-6jl3kko/ASBService/Default_ZB_MxDataProvider/IDataV2";
// `--via` overrides the TCP destination without changing the `<a:To>`
// SOAP header (so the registered service URL still matches inside
// SMSvcHost). Use to route the probe through `asb-relay` for wire
// byte capture, e.g. `--via net.tcp://127.0.0.1:8088/...`.
string? clientVia = GetArg(args, "--via");
string[] tags = GetArgs(args, "--tag");
if (tags.Length == 0)
{
    tags = ["TestChildObject.TestInt"];
}

string tag = tags[0];
string? solution = GetArg(args, "--solution");
bool dumpMessages = HasArg(args, "--dump-messages");
bool subscribe = HasArg(args, "--subscribe");
bool subscribeBuffered = HasArg(args, "--subscribe-buffered");
bool compatibilitySubscribe = HasArg(args, "--compat-subscribe");
bool probeConnectFailure = HasArg(args, "--probe-connect-failure");
bool probeReconnect = HasArg(args, "--probe-reconnect");
bool probeCanceledCleanup = HasArg(args, "--probe-canceled-cleanup");
bool probeOperationCompleteCandidates = HasArg(args, "--probe-operation-complete-candidates");
int publishCount = TryGetInt(args, "--publish-count") ?? 3;
int subscribeSampleMs = TryGetInt(args, "--subscribe-sample-ms") ?? 1000;
int publishDelayMs = TryGetInt(args, "--publish-delay-ms") ?? 500;
int reconnectAttempts = TryGetInt(args, "--reconnect-attempts") ?? 2;
int reconnectDelayMs = TryGetInt(args, "--reconnect-delay-ms") ?? 250;
int cleanupDisconnectTimeoutMs = TryGetInt(args, "--cleanup-disconnect-timeout-ms") ?? 30000;
int cleanupCloseTimeoutMs = TryGetInt(args, "--cleanup-close-timeout-ms") ?? 30000;
bool waitWriteComplete = HasArg(args, "--wait-write-complete");
int writeCompleteTimeoutMs = TryGetInt(args, "--write-complete-timeout-ms") ?? 5000;
int writeCompletePollMs = TryGetInt(args, "--write-complete-poll-ms") ?? 250;
int writeReadbackDelayMs = TryGetInt(args, "--write-readback-delay-ms") ?? 0;
Variant? writeVariant = GetWriteVariant(args);
bool probeErrorCases = HasArg(args, "--probe-error-cases");
bool probeInvalidTargets = probeErrorCases || HasArg(args, "--probe-invalid-targets");
bool probeWrongTypeWrite = probeErrorCases || HasArg(args, "--probe-wrong-type-write");
bool probeInvalidCleanup = probeErrorCases || HasArg(args, "--probe-invalid-cleanup");
bool probeEmptyPublish = probeErrorCases || HasArg(args, "--probe-empty-publish");
string invalidTag = GetArg(args, "--invalid-tag") ?? "DefinitelyMissingObject.DefinitelyMissingAttribute";
string wrongTypeWriteTag = GetArg(args, "--wrong-type-write-tag") ?? tag;
int errorPublishCount = TryGetInt(args, "--error-publish-count") ?? 2;
int errorWriteCompleteTimeoutMs = TryGetInt(args, "--error-write-complete-timeout-ms") ?? 2000;
int errorWriteCompletePollMs = TryGetInt(args, "--error-write-complete-poll-ms") ?? 250;

Console.WriteLine($"process=x64:{Environment.Is64BitProcess}");
Console.WriteLine($"endpoint={endpoint}");
Console.WriteLine($"tags={string.Join(",", tags)}");
if (args.Any(arg => arg.Equals("--dump-register-payload", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
{
    byte[] payload = AsbPayloadDebug.SerializeItemsForDebug(tag);
    Console.WriteLine($"register_payload_len={payload.Length}");
    Console.WriteLine($"register_payload_b64={Convert.ToBase64String(payload)}");
    return;
}

// `--dump-signed-xml` produces deterministic .NET `XmlSerializer` output
// for each ConnectedRequest type that goes through `AsbSystemAuthenticator
// .Sign` (`AsbSystemAuthenticator.cs:79`). The output is exactly what
// the .NET HMAC computation runs over, so the Rust port's canonical-XML
// emitter (F28) needs to produce byte-identical bytes for every type
// listed here. Connection IDs, MACs, IVs, and message numbers are pinned
// to deterministic values so the dump is reproducible.
if (args.Any(arg => arg.Equals("--dump-signed-xml", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
{
    Guid connectionId = Guid.Parse("8cba964a-74c1-ef74-f6aa-761b3540191b");
    byte[] mac = Convert.FromBase64String("AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODw==");
    byte[] sigIv = Convert.FromBase64String("EBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHw==");

    void Dump(string label, object request)
    {
        string xml = AsbSerialization.ToXml(request);
        byte[] xmlBytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(xml);
        Console.WriteLine($"--- {label} ({xmlBytes.Length} UTF-8 bytes) ---");
        Console.WriteLine(xml);
        Console.WriteLine($"--- {label} (base64) ---");
        Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBase64String(xmlBytes));
    }

    ConnectionValidator validator = new()
    {
        ConnectionId = connectionId,
        MessageNumber = 42,
        MessageAuthenticationCode = mac,
        SignatureInitializationVector = sigIv,
    };

    // The actual signing flow uses an EMPTY MessageAuthenticationCode +
    // SignatureInitializationVector at the time of HMAC computation
    // (`AsbSystemAuthenticator.Sign:79` calls request.ToXml() while the
    // validator's MAC/IV are still `[]`; the encrypt-and-fill happens
    // immediately after). The Rust port has to know what XmlSerializer
    // emits for `byte[] = []` to produce HMAC-matching XML — capture
    // the variant with empty MAC + IV so we can pin both shapes.
    ConnectionValidator emptyValidator = new()
    {
        ConnectionId = connectionId,
        MessageNumber = 42,
        MessageAuthenticationCode = [],
        SignatureInitializationVector = [],
    };

    AuthenticateMe authMeEmpty = new()
    {
        ConnectionValidator = emptyValidator,
        ConsumerAuthenticationData = new AuthenticationData
        {
            Data = Convert.FromBase64String("ZGV0ZXJtaW5pc3RpYy1jaXBoZXJ0ZXh0LWJ5dGVz"),
            InitializationVector = Convert.FromBase64String("MDEyMzQ1Njc4OWFiY2RlZg=="),
        },
    };
    Dump("AuthenticateMe-empty-mac-iv", authMeEmpty);

    AuthenticateMe authMe = new()
    {
        ConnectionValidator = validator,
        ConsumerAuthenticationData = new AuthenticationData
        {
            Data = Convert.FromBase64String("ZGV0ZXJtaW5pc3RpYy1jaXBoZXJ0ZXh0LWJ5dGVz"),
            InitializationVector = Convert.FromBase64String("MDEyMzQ1Njc4OWFiY2RlZg=="),
        },
    };
    Dump("AuthenticateMe", authMe);

    Disconnect disconnect = new()
    {
        ConnectionValidator = validator,
        ConsumerAuthenticationData = new AuthenticationData
        {
            Data = Convert.FromBase64String("ZGlzY29ubmVjdC1jaXBoZXJ0ZXh0"),
            InitializationVector = Convert.FromBase64String("MDEyMzQ1Njc4OWFiY2RlZg=="),
        },
    };
    Dump("Disconnect", disconnect);

    KeepAlive keepAlive = new() { ConnectionValidator = validator };
    Dump("KeepAlive", keepAlive);

    RegisterItemsRequest registerDump = new()
    {
        ConnectionValidator = validator,
        Items = [new ItemIdentity
        {
            Type = (ushort)ItemIdentityType.Name,
            ReferenceType = (ushort)ItemReferenceType.Absolute,
            Name = "TestChildObject.TestInt",
            ContextName = string.Empty,
        }],
        RequireId = true,
        RegisterOnly = false,
    };
    Dump("RegisterItemsRequest", registerDump);

    UnregisterItemsRequest unregisterDump = new()
    {
        ConnectionValidator = validator,
        Items = [new ItemIdentity
        {
            Type = (ushort)ItemIdentityType.Id,
            ReferenceType = (ushort)ItemReferenceType.Absolute,
            Id = 0xCAFE_BABE_DEAD_BEEFul,
            IdSpecified = true,
        }],
    };
    Dump("UnregisterItemsRequest", unregisterDump);

    return;
}

// `--dump-deterministic-hmac` runs the AuthenticateMe sign path with
// FIXED inputs end-to-end (no randomness): pinned passphrase, prime,
// generator, private-key bytes, remote-pub bytes, connection ID,
// message number, AES IV, and consumer-data/IV bytes. Output is the
// resulting crypto_key, AES key, canonical XML, HMAC-SHA1, and
// AES-CBC-encrypted MAC. The Rust port uses these as a fixture for a
// byte-equality unit test that localises any HMAC/AES/derivation
// divergence vs the .NET reference without depending on session
// randomness. Mirrors the per-step decomposition of `AsbSystemAuthent
// icator.Sign` (`AsbSystemAuthenticator.cs:62-82`) but inlines the
// math so we control every byte of input.
if (args.Any(arg => arg.Equals("--dump-deterministic-hmac", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
{
    System.Numerics.BigInteger prime = System.Numerics.BigInteger.Parse(AsbSolutionCryptoParameters.DefaultPrimeText);
    System.Numerics.BigInteger generator = 22;

    // 33 bytes: 0x01..0x20 with trailing 0x00 sign byte. Mirrors the
    // shape `AsbSystemAuthenticator.CreatePrivateKey` produces.
    byte[] privateKeyBytes = new byte[33];
    for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) { privateKeyBytes[i] = (byte)(i + 1); }
    privateKeyBytes[32] = 0x00;

    // Remote public key — 128 bytes (1024-bit), high bit clear so
    // .NET's BigInteger LE-two's-complement reads it as positive
    // without a sign-byte fix-up.
    byte[] remotePub = new byte[128];
    for (int i = 0; i < 127; i++) { remotePub[i] = (byte)((i * 7 + 13) & 0xFF); }
    remotePub[127] = 0x7F;

    string passphrase = "deterministic-hmac-fixture-passphrase-rust-vs-dotnet";
    Guid connectionId = Guid.Parse("8cba964a-74c1-ef74-f6aa-761b3540191b");
    ulong messageNumber = 42;

    // ConsumerAuthenticationData payload. Encrypted bytes are opaque
    // to the HMAC test (they get base64-embedded in the XML and
    // signed); use deterministic bytes 0x80..0xFF + 0x00..0x4F (208
    // bytes — same as a real AuthenticateMe under a 768-bit prime).
    byte[] consumerData = new byte[208];
    for (int i = 0; i < 208; i++) { consumerData[i] = (byte)((i * 3 + 7) & 0xFF); }
    byte[] consumerIv = new byte[16];
    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { consumerIv[i] = (byte)((i * 11 + 5) & 0xFF); }

    // Deterministic AES IV for encrypting the HMAC. We pick all-zeros
    // so the Rust test can reproduce without a random-IV injection
    // hack. (The real wire path uses a random IV per call; here we
    // bypass that to make the test reproducible.)
    byte[] aesIv = new byte[16];

    // ---- crypto_key = shared_secret || passphrase_utf8 ----------
    System.Numerics.BigInteger sharedValue = System.Numerics.BigInteger.ModPow(
        new System.Numerics.BigInteger(remotePub),
        new System.Numerics.BigInteger(privateKeyBytes),
        prime);
    byte[] shared = sharedValue.ToByteArray();
    byte[] cryptoKey = [.. shared, .. System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(passphrase)];

    // ---- canonical XML (empty MAC + IV) -------------------------
    AuthenticateMe req = new()
    {
        ConnectionValidator = new()
        {
            ConnectionId = connectionId,
            MessageNumber = messageNumber,
            MessageAuthenticationCode = [],
            SignatureInitializationVector = [],
        },
        ConsumerAuthenticationData = new AuthenticationData
        {
            Data = consumerData,
            InitializationVector = consumerIv,
        },
    };
    string xmlText = req.ToXml();
    byte[] xmlBytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(xmlText);

    // ---- HMAC-SHA1(crypto_key, xml_utf8) ------------------------
    using System.Security.Cryptography.HMACSHA1 hmac = new(cryptoKey);
    byte[] hash = hmac.ComputeHash(xmlBytes);

    // ---- AES key = PBKDF2-SHA1(base64(crypto_key), salt, 1000) --
    byte[] salt = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("ArchestrAService");
    byte[] aesKey = System.Security.Cryptography.Rfc2898DeriveBytes.Pbkdf2(
        Convert.ToBase64String(cryptoKey),
        salt,
        iterations: 1000,
        System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithmName.SHA1,
        outputLength: 16);

    // ---- AES-CBC encrypt(hash) with fixed IV --------------------
    byte[] encryptedMac;
    using (System.Security.Cryptography.Aes aes = System.Security.Cryptography.Aes.Create())
    {
        aes.Key = aesKey;
        aes.IV = aesIv;
        // CBC mode, PKCS7 padding (defaults).
        using System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new();
        using (System.Security.Cryptography.CryptoStream cs = new(
            ms,
            aes.CreateEncryptor(),
            System.Security.Cryptography.CryptoStreamMode.Write))
        {
            cs.Write(hash, 0, hash.Length);
        }
        encryptedMac = ms.ToArray();
    }

    Console.WriteLine("# deterministic-hmac fixture (.NET reference output)");
    Console.WriteLine($"prime_decimal={prime}");
    Console.WriteLine($"generator={generator}");
    Console.WriteLine($"private_key_hex={Convert.ToHexString(privateKeyBytes)}");
    Console.WriteLine($"remote_pub_hex={Convert.ToHexString(remotePub)}");
    Console.WriteLine($"passphrase={passphrase}");
    Console.WriteLine($"connection_id={connectionId:D}");
    Console.WriteLine($"message_number={messageNumber}");
    Console.WriteLine($"consumer_data_hex={Convert.ToHexString(consumerData)}");
    Console.WriteLine($"consumer_iv_hex={Convert.ToHexString(consumerIv)}");
    Console.WriteLine($"aes_iv_hex={Convert.ToHexString(aesIv)}");
    Console.WriteLine($"shared_secret_hex={Convert.ToHexString(shared)}");
    Console.WriteLine($"shared_secret_len={shared.Length}");
    Console.WriteLine($"crypto_key_hex={Convert.ToHexString(cryptoKey)}");
    Console.WriteLine($"crypto_key_len={cryptoKey.Length}");
    Console.WriteLine($"xml_utf8_len={xmlBytes.Length}");
    Console.WriteLine($"xml_utf8_b64={Convert.ToBase64String(xmlBytes)}");
    Console.WriteLine($"hmac_sha1_hex={Convert.ToHexString(hash)}");
    Console.WriteLine($"aes_key_hex={Convert.ToHexString(aesKey)}");
    Console.WriteLine($"encrypted_mac_hex={Convert.ToHexString(encryptedMac)}");
    Console.WriteLine($"encrypted_mac_len={encryptedMac.Length}");
    return;
}

if (probeConnectFailure)
{
    try
    {
        using MxAsbDataClient connectFailureClient = MxAsbDataClient.Connect(new AsbConnectionOptions
{
    Endpoint = endpoint,
    SolutionName = solution,
    Trace = Console.WriteLine,
    DumpMessages = dumpMessages,
    Via = clientVia,
});
        Console.WriteLine("connect_failure_observed=False");
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("connect_failure_observed=True");
        Console.WriteLine($"connect_failure_exception={FormatException(ex)}");
        if (ex.InnerException is not null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"connect_failure_inner_exception={FormatException(ex.InnerException)}");
        }
    }

    return;
}

if (compatibilitySubscribe)
{
    RunCompatibilitySubscribe(endpoint, solution, tags, dumpMessages, publishCount, subscribeSampleMs, publishDelayMs);
    return;
}

using MxAsbDataClient client = MxAsbDataClient.Connect(new AsbConnectionOptions
{
    Endpoint = endpoint,
    SolutionName = solution,
    Trace = Console.WriteLine,
    DumpMessages = dumpMessages,
    Via = clientVia,
});
int publishedEventCount = 0;
client.PublishedValueReceived += (_, value) =>
{
    publishedEventCount++;
    Console.WriteLine($"published_event[{publishedEventCount - 1}]=item:{value.ItemName ?? string.Empty} id:{value.ItemId} type:{value.VariantType} quality:{FormatNullableHex(value.Quality)} timestamp:{value.TimestampUtc:O} preview:{value.Preview}");
};
Console.WriteLine("connect=True");

RegisterItemsResponse register = client.RegisterMany(tags);
Console.WriteLine($"register_error=0x{register.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{register.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{register.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
PrintStatuses("register_status", register.Status);
ItemIdentity[] registeredItems = register.Status?.Select(status => status.Item).ToArray() ?? [];
IReadOnlyDictionary<ulong, string> itemNamesById = AsbPublishMapper.CreateItemNameMap(register.Status);

ReadResponse read = client.ReadMany(tags);
Console.WriteLine($"read_error=0x{read.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{read.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{read.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
PrintStatuses("read_status", read.Status);
PrintValues("read_value", read.Values);

if (probeReconnect)
{
    AsbReconnectResult reconnect = client.Reconnect(new AsbReconnectOptions
    {
        MaxAttempts = reconnectAttempts,
        Delay = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(reconnectDelayMs),
        CleanupOptions = new AsbClientCleanupOptions
        {
            DisconnectTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(cleanupDisconnectTimeoutMs),
            CloseTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(cleanupCloseTimeoutMs),
        },
    });
    Console.WriteLine($"reconnect_succeeded={reconnect.Succeeded} attempts={reconnect.Attempts.Count}");
    PrintCleanup("reconnect_cleanup", reconnect.CleanupResult);
    for (int i = 0; i < reconnect.Attempts.Count; i++)
    {
        AsbReconnectAttempt attempt = reconnect.Attempts[i];
        Console.WriteLine($"reconnect_attempt[{i}]=attempt:{attempt.Attempt} succeeded:{attempt.Succeeded} exception:{attempt.Exception?.GetType().Name ?? string.Empty}");
    }

    if (reconnect.Client is not null)
    {
        using MxAsbDataClient reconnectedClient = reconnect.Client;
        RegisterItemsResponse reconnectRegister = reconnectedClient.RegisterMany(tags);
        Console.WriteLine($"reconnect_register_error=0x{reconnectRegister.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{reconnectRegister.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{reconnectRegister.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
        PrintStatuses("reconnect_register_status", reconnectRegister.Status);

        ReadResponse reconnectRead = reconnectedClient.ReadMany(tags);
        Console.WriteLine($"reconnect_read_error=0x{reconnectRead.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{reconnectRead.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{reconnectRead.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
        PrintStatuses("reconnect_read_status", reconnectRead.Status);
        PrintValues("reconnect_read_value", reconnectRead.Values);
    }

    return;
}

if (probeCanceledCleanup)
{
    AsbClientCleanupResult cleanup = client.Cleanup(new AsbClientCleanupOptions
    {
        DisconnectTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(cleanupDisconnectTimeoutMs),
        CloseTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(cleanupCloseTimeoutMs),
        CancellationToken = new CancellationToken(canceled: true),
    });
    PrintCleanup("canceled_cleanup", cleanup);
    return;
}

if (probeInvalidTargets)
{
    RunInvalidTargetProbe(client, invalidTag, errorWriteCompleteTimeoutMs, errorWriteCompletePollMs);
}

if (probeWrongTypeWrite)
{
    RunWrongTypeWriteProbe(client, wrongTypeWriteTag, errorWriteCompleteTimeoutMs, errorWriteCompletePollMs);
}

if (probeInvalidCleanup)
{
    RunInvalidCleanupProbe(client, subscribeSampleMs);
}

if (probeEmptyPublish)
{
    RunEmptyPublishProbe(client, errorPublishCount, subscribeSampleMs, publishDelayMs);
}

if (probeOperationCompleteCandidates)
{
    RunOperationCompleteCandidateProbe(client, tags, subscribeSampleMs, publishDelayMs);
    return;
}

if (subscribe)
{
    long subscriptionId = 0;
    try
    {
        CreateSubscriptionResponse create = client.CreateSubscription(maxQueueSize: 128, sampleInterval: (ulong)subscribeSampleMs);
        subscriptionId = create.SubscriptionId;
        Console.WriteLine($"create_subscription_error=0x{create.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{create.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{create.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} subscription_id={subscriptionId}");

        AddMonitoredItemsResponse add = client.AddMonitoredItems(subscriptionId, tags, (ulong)subscribeSampleMs, buffered: subscribeBuffered);
        Console.WriteLine($"add_monitored_error=0x{add.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{add.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{add.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
        PrintStatuses("add_monitored_status", add.Status);
        itemNamesById = AsbPublishMapper.CreateItemNameMap(register.Status, add.Status);
        ItemIdentity[] monitoredItems = add.Status?.Select(status => status.Item).ToArray() ?? [];

        for (int i = 0; i < publishCount; i++)
        {
            if (i > 0 && publishDelayMs > 0)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(publishDelayMs));
            }

            AsbPublishResult mapped = client.PublishValues(subscriptionId);
            PublishResponse publish = mapped.Response;
            Console.WriteLine($"publish[{i}]_error=0x{publish.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{publish.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{publish.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
            PrintStatuses($"publish[{i}]_status", publish.Status);
            PrintMonitoredValues($"publish[{i}]_value", publish.Values);
            PrintPublishedValues($"publish[{i}]_mapped", mapped.Values);
        }

        if (monitoredItems.Length > 0)
        {
            DeleteMonitoredItemsResponse deleteItems = client.DeleteMonitoredItems(subscriptionId, monitoredItems);
            Console.WriteLine($"delete_monitored_error=0x{deleteItems.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{deleteItems.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{deleteItems.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
            PrintStatuses("delete_monitored_status", deleteItems.Status);
        }
    }
    finally
    {
        if (subscriptionId != 0)
        {
            DeleteSubscriptionResponse delete = client.DeleteSubscription(subscriptionId);
            Console.WriteLine($"delete_subscription_error=0x{delete.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{delete.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{delete.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} subscription_id={subscriptionId}");
        }
    }
}

if (writeVariant.HasValue)
{
    const uint writeHandle = 0xA5B21001;
    WriteResponse write = client.Write(tag, writeVariant.Value, writeHandle, "MxAsbClient probe write");
    Console.WriteLine($"write_error=0x{write.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{write.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{write.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} handle=0x{writeHandle:X8}");
    PrintStatuses("write_status", write.Status);

    if (waitWriteComplete)
    {
        AsbWriteCompletionOptions options = new()
        {
            Timeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(writeCompleteTimeoutMs),
            PollInterval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(writeCompletePollMs),
            ReadbackDelay = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(writeReadbackDelayMs),
        };
        AsbWriteCompletionReadbackResult completionAndReadback = client.WaitForWriteCompleteAndRead(tag, writeHandle, options);
        AsbWriteCompletionResult completion = completionAndReadback.Completion;
        Console.WriteLine($"write_completion handle=0x{completion.WriteHandle:X8} completed={completion.Completed} timed_out={completion.TimedOut} elapsed_ms={(long)completion.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds} polls={completion.PollCount} raw_count={completion.CompleteWrites.Count}");
        for (int i = 0; i < completion.Responses.Count; i++)
        {
            PublishWriteCompleteResponse response = completion.Responses[i];
            Console.WriteLine($"write_completion_poll[{i}]_error=0x{response.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{response.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{response.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} count={response.CompleteWrites?.Length ?? 0}");
        }

        PrintWriteCompletes("write_completion_raw", completion.CompleteWrites);
        if (completion.MatchingComplete.HasValue)
        {
            PrintWriteCompletes("write_completion_match", [completion.MatchingComplete.Value]);
        }

        if (writeReadbackDelayMs > 0 && completion.Completed)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"read_after_write_delay_ms={writeReadbackDelayMs}");
        }

        if (completionAndReadback.Readback is not null)
        {
            read = completionAndReadback.Readback;
            Console.WriteLine($"read_after_write_error=0x{read.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{read.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{read.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
            PrintStatuses("read_after_write_status", read.Status);
            PrintValues("read_after_write_value", read.Values);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        PublishWriteCompleteResponse complete = client.PublishWriteComplete();
        Console.WriteLine($"publish_write_complete_error=0x{complete.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{complete.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{complete.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
        Console.WriteLine($"publish_write_complete_count={complete.CompleteWrites?.Length ?? 0}");
        PrintWriteCompletes("publish_write_complete", complete.CompleteWrites ?? []);

        if (writeReadbackDelayMs > 0)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"read_after_write_delay_ms={writeReadbackDelayMs}");
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(writeReadbackDelayMs));
        }

        read = client.Read(tag);
        Console.WriteLine($"read_after_write_error=0x{read.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{read.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{read.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
        PrintStatuses("read_after_write_status", read.Status);
        PrintValues("read_after_write_value", read.Values);
    }
}

UnregisterItemsResponse unregister = registeredItems.Length > 0
    ? client.UnregisterMany(registeredItems)
    : client.Unregister(tag);
Console.WriteLine($"unregister_error=0x{unregister.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{unregister.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{unregister.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
PrintStatuses("unregister_status", unregister.Status);

static void PrintStatuses(string prefix, ItemStatus[]? statuses)
{
    if (statuses is null)
    {
        return;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < statuses.Length; i++)
    {
        ItemStatus status = statuses[i];
        AsbItemStatusSummary summary = AsbResultMapper.ToItemSummary(status);
        Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}[{i}]=item:{status.Item.Name} id:{status.Item.Id} id_specified:{status.Item.IdSpecified} error:0x{status.ErrorCode:X8} error_name:{summary.Error} error_specified:{status.ErrorCodeSpecified} status_count:{status.Status.Count} status_payload_len:{status.Status.Payload?.Length ?? 0} status:{FormatStatusElements(summary.Status)}");
    }
}

static void PrintValues(string prefix, RuntimeValue[]? values)
{
    if (values is null)
    {
        return;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < values.Length; i++)
    {
        RuntimeValue value = values[i];
        Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}[{i}]=type:{value.Value.Type} length:{value.Value.Length} payload_len:{value.Value.Payload?.Length ?? 0} preview:{MxAsbDataClient.FormatVariant(value.Value)}");
        Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}[{i}].timestamp={value.Timestamp:o} timestamp_specified={value.TimestampSpecified}");
        Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}[{i}].status_count={value.Status.Count} status_payload_len={value.Status.Payload?.Length ?? 0} status:{FormatStatusElements(AsbPublishMapper.DecodeStatus(value.Status))}");
    }
}

static void PrintMonitoredValues(string prefix, MonitoredItemValue[]? values)
{
    if (values is null)
    {
        return;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < values.Length; i++)
    {
        MonitoredItemValue item = values[i];
        RuntimeValue value = item.Value;
        Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}[{i}]=item:{item.Item.Name} id:{item.Item.Id} id_specified:{item.Item.IdSpecified} type:{value.Value.Type} length:{value.Value.Length} payload_len:{value.Value.Payload?.Length ?? 0} preview:{MxAsbDataClient.FormatVariant(value.Value)}");
        Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}[{i}].timestamp={value.Timestamp:o} timestamp_specified={value.TimestampSpecified}");
        Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}[{i}].status_count={value.Status.Count} status_payload_len={value.Status.Payload?.Length ?? 0}");
        Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}[{i}].userdata_type={item.UserData.Type} userdata_length={item.UserData.Length} userdata_payload_len={item.UserData.Payload?.Length ?? 0}");
    }
}

static void PrintPublishedValues(string prefix, IReadOnlyList<AsbPublishedValue> values)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < values.Count; i++)
    {
        AsbPublishedValue value = values[i];
        Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}[{i}]=item:{value.ItemName ?? string.Empty} id:{value.ItemId} type:{value.VariantType} quality:{FormatNullableHex(value.Quality)} timestamp:{value.TimestampUtc:O} preview:{value.Preview}");
        Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}[{i}].status={FormatStatusElements(value.Status)} raw_count:{value.RawStatus.Count} raw_payload_len:{value.RawStatus.Payload?.Length ?? 0}");
    }
}

static void PrintWriteCompletes(string prefix, IReadOnlyList<ItemWriteComplete> writes)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < writes.Count; i++)
    {
        ItemWriteComplete item = writes[i];
        Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}[{i}]=handle:{item.WriteHandle} handle_hex:0x{item.WriteHandle:X8} handle_specified:{item.WriteHandleSpecified} status_items:{item.Status?.Length ?? 0}");
        PrintStatuses($"{prefix}[{i}].status", item.Status);
    }
}

static void PrintPublishWriteComplete(string prefix, PublishWriteCompleteResponse response)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}_write_complete_error=0x{response.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{response.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{response.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} count={response.CompleteWrites?.Length ?? 0}");
    PrintWriteCompletes($"{prefix}_write_complete", response.CompleteWrites ?? []);
}

static string FormatStatusElements(IReadOnlyList<AsbStatusElement> status)
{
    return status.Count == 0
        ? string.Empty
        : string.Join("|", status.Select(item => $"{item.Type}:{item.Value}"));
}

static string FormatNullableHex(ushort? value)
{
    return value.HasValue ? $"0x{value.Value:X4}" : string.Empty;
}

static void RunInvalidTargetProbe(MxAsbDataClient client, string invalidTag, int writeCompleteTimeoutMs, int writeCompletePollMs)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"probe_invalid_targets tag={invalidTag}");

    RegisterItemsResponse register = client.RegisterMany([invalidTag]);
    Console.WriteLine($"invalid_register_error=0x{register.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{register.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{register.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
    PrintStatuses("invalid_register_status", register.Status);

    ReadResponse read = client.ReadMany([invalidTag]);
    Console.WriteLine($"invalid_read_error=0x{read.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{read.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{read.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
    PrintStatuses("invalid_read_status", read.Status);
    PrintValues("invalid_read_value", read.Values);

    const uint writeHandle = 0xA5B2E001;
    WriteResponse write = client.Write(invalidTag, AsbVariantFactory.FromInt32(1), writeHandle, "MxAsbClient probe invalid-target write");
    Console.WriteLine($"invalid_write_error=0x{write.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{write.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{write.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} handle=0x{writeHandle:X8}");
    PrintStatuses("invalid_write_status", write.Status);

    PrintWriteCompletionProbe(client, "invalid_write_completion", writeHandle, writeCompleteTimeoutMs, writeCompletePollMs);

    ItemIdentity[] registeredItems = register.Status?.Select(status => status.Item).ToArray() ?? [];
    UnregisterItemsResponse unregister = registeredItems.Length > 0
        ? client.UnregisterMany(registeredItems)
        : client.Unregister(invalidTag);
    Console.WriteLine($"invalid_unregister_error=0x{unregister.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{unregister.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{unregister.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
    PrintStatuses("invalid_unregister_status", unregister.Status);
}

static void RunWrongTypeWriteProbe(MxAsbDataClient client, string tag, int writeCompleteTimeoutMs, int writeCompletePollMs)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"probe_wrong_type_write tag={tag}");
    const uint writeHandle = 0xA5B2E002;
    WriteResponse write = client.Write(tag, AsbVariantFactory.FromString("wrong-type-write-probe"), writeHandle, "MxAsbClient probe wrong-type write");
    Console.WriteLine($"wrong_type_write_error=0x{write.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{write.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{write.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} handle=0x{writeHandle:X8}");
    PrintStatuses("wrong_type_write_status", write.Status);

    PrintWriteCompletionProbe(client, "wrong_type_write_completion", writeHandle, writeCompleteTimeoutMs, writeCompletePollMs);

    ReadResponse read = client.Read(tag);
    Console.WriteLine($"wrong_type_read_after_error=0x{read.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{read.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{read.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
    PrintStatuses("wrong_type_read_after_status", read.Status);
    PrintValues("wrong_type_read_after_value", read.Values);
}

static void PrintWriteCompletionProbe(
    MxAsbDataClient client,
    string prefix,
    uint writeHandle,
    int writeCompleteTimeoutMs,
    int writeCompletePollMs)
{
    AsbWriteCompletionOptions options = new()
    {
        Timeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(writeCompleteTimeoutMs),
        PollInterval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(writeCompletePollMs),
    };
    AsbWriteCompletionResult completion = client.WaitForWriteComplete(writeHandle, options);
    Console.WriteLine($"{prefix} handle=0x{completion.WriteHandle:X8} completed={completion.Completed} timed_out={completion.TimedOut} elapsed_ms={(long)completion.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds} polls={completion.PollCount} raw_count={completion.CompleteWrites.Count}");
    for (int i = 0; i < completion.Responses.Count; i++)
    {
        PublishWriteCompleteResponse response = completion.Responses[i];
        Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}_poll[{i}]_error=0x{response.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{response.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{response.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} count={response.CompleteWrites?.Length ?? 0}");
    }

    PrintWriteCompletes($"{prefix}_raw", completion.CompleteWrites);
    if (completion.MatchingComplete.HasValue)
    {
        PrintWriteCompletes($"{prefix}_match", [completion.MatchingComplete.Value]);
    }
}

static void RunInvalidCleanupProbe(MxAsbDataClient client, int subscribeSampleMs)
{
    Console.WriteLine("probe_invalid_cleanup=True");
    long subscriptionId = 0;
    try
    {
        CreateSubscriptionResponse create = client.CreateSubscription(maxQueueSize: 128, sampleInterval: (ulong)subscribeSampleMs);
        subscriptionId = create.SubscriptionId;
        Console.WriteLine($"invalid_cleanup_create_subscription_error=0x{create.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{create.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{create.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} subscription_id={subscriptionId}");

        ItemIdentity invalidItem = CreateInvalidItemIdentity();
        DeleteMonitoredItemsResponse deleteItems = client.DeleteMonitoredItems(subscriptionId, [invalidItem]);
        Console.WriteLine($"invalid_cleanup_delete_monitored_error=0x{deleteItems.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{deleteItems.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{deleteItems.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
        PrintStatuses("invalid_cleanup_delete_monitored_status", deleteItems.Status);

        long invalidSubscriptionId = subscriptionId == long.MaxValue ? subscriptionId - 1 : subscriptionId + 987654321;
        DeleteSubscriptionResponse deleteInvalid = client.DeleteSubscription(invalidSubscriptionId);
        Console.WriteLine($"invalid_cleanup_delete_subscription_error=0x{deleteInvalid.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{deleteInvalid.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{deleteInvalid.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} subscription_id={invalidSubscriptionId}");
    }
    finally
    {
        if (subscriptionId != 0)
        {
            DeleteSubscriptionResponse delete = client.DeleteSubscription(subscriptionId);
            Console.WriteLine($"invalid_cleanup_delete_valid_subscription_error=0x{delete.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{delete.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{delete.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} subscription_id={subscriptionId}");
        }
    }
}

static void RunEmptyPublishProbe(MxAsbDataClient client, int publishCount, int subscribeSampleMs, int publishDelayMs)
{
    Console.WriteLine("probe_empty_publish=True");
    long subscriptionId = 0;
    try
    {
        CreateSubscriptionResponse create = client.CreateSubscription(maxQueueSize: 128, sampleInterval: (ulong)subscribeSampleMs);
        subscriptionId = create.SubscriptionId;
        Console.WriteLine($"empty_publish_create_subscription_error=0x{create.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{create.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{create.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} subscription_id={subscriptionId}");

        for (int i = 0; i < publishCount; i++)
        {
            if (i > 0 && publishDelayMs > 0)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(publishDelayMs));
            }

            AsbPublishResult mapped = client.PublishValues(subscriptionId);
            PublishResponse publish = mapped.Response;
            Console.WriteLine($"empty_publish[{i}]_error=0x{publish.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{publish.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{publish.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
            PrintStatuses($"empty_publish[{i}]_status", publish.Status);
            PrintMonitoredValues($"empty_publish[{i}]_value", publish.Values);
            PrintPublishedValues($"empty_publish[{i}]_mapped", mapped.Values);
        }
    }
    finally
    {
        if (subscriptionId != 0)
        {
            DeleteSubscriptionResponse delete = client.DeleteSubscription(subscriptionId);
            Console.WriteLine($"empty_publish_delete_subscription_error=0x{delete.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{delete.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{delete.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} subscription_id={subscriptionId}");
        }
    }
}

static void RunOperationCompleteCandidateProbe(MxAsbDataClient client, string[] tags, int subscribeSampleMs, int publishDelayMs)
{
    Console.WriteLine("probe_operation_complete_candidates=True");
    PrintPublishWriteComplete("operation_candidate_initial", client.PublishWriteComplete());

    long subscriptionId = 0;
    try
    {
        CreateSubscriptionResponse create = client.CreateSubscription(maxQueueSize: 128, sampleInterval: (ulong)subscribeSampleMs);
        subscriptionId = create.SubscriptionId;
        Console.WriteLine($"operation_candidate_create_subscription_error=0x{create.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{create.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{create.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} subscription_id={subscriptionId}");
        PrintPublishWriteComplete("operation_candidate_after_create_subscription", client.PublishWriteComplete());

        AddMonitoredItemsResponse add = client.AddMonitoredItems(subscriptionId, tags, (ulong)subscribeSampleMs);
        Console.WriteLine($"operation_candidate_add_monitored_error=0x{add.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{add.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{add.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
        PrintStatuses("operation_candidate_add_monitored_status", add.Status);
        PrintPublishWriteComplete("operation_candidate_after_add_monitored", client.PublishWriteComplete());

        if (publishDelayMs > 0)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(publishDelayMs));
        }

        PublishResponse publish = client.Publish(subscriptionId);
        Console.WriteLine($"operation_candidate_publish_error=0x{publish.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{publish.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{publish.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
        PrintStatuses("operation_candidate_publish_status", publish.Status);
        PrintMonitoredValues("operation_candidate_publish_value", publish.Values);
        PrintPublishWriteComplete("operation_candidate_after_publish", client.PublishWriteComplete());

        ItemIdentity[] monitoredItems = add.Status?.Select(status => status.Item).ToArray() ?? [];
        if (monitoredItems.Length > 0)
        {
            DeleteMonitoredItemsResponse deleteItems = client.DeleteMonitoredItems(subscriptionId, monitoredItems);
            Console.WriteLine($"operation_candidate_delete_monitored_error=0x{deleteItems.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{deleteItems.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{deleteItems.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8}");
            PrintStatuses("operation_candidate_delete_monitored_status", deleteItems.Status);
            PrintPublishWriteComplete("operation_candidate_after_delete_monitored", client.PublishWriteComplete());
        }
    }
    finally
    {
        if (subscriptionId != 0)
        {
            DeleteSubscriptionResponse delete = client.DeleteSubscription(subscriptionId);
            Console.WriteLine($"operation_candidate_delete_subscription_error=0x{delete.Result.ErrorCode:X8} status=0x{delete.Result.Status:X8} specific=0x{delete.Result.SpecificErrorCode:X8} subscription_id={subscriptionId}");
            PrintPublishWriteComplete("operation_candidate_after_delete_subscription", client.PublishWriteComplete());
        }
    }
}

static ItemIdentity CreateInvalidItemIdentity()
{
    return new ItemIdentity
    {
        Type = (ushort)ItemIdentityType.Name,
        ReferenceType = (ushort)ItemReferenceType.Absolute,
        Name = "DefinitelyMissingObject.DefinitelyMissingAttribute",
        ContextName = string.Empty,
        Id = ulong.MaxValue,
        IdSpecified = true,
    };
}

static void RunCompatibilitySubscribe(
    string endpoint,
    string? solution,
    string[] tags,
    bool dumpMessages,
    int publishCount,
    int subscribeSampleMs,
    int publishDelayMs)
{
    using MxAsbCompatibilityServer server = new();
    int dataChangeCount = 0;
    server.DataChanged += (_, evt) =>
    {
        dataChangeCount++;
        Console.WriteLine($"compat_data_change[{dataChangeCount - 1}]=server:{evt.ServerHandle} item:{evt.ItemHandle} quality:0x{evt.Quality:X4} timestamp:{evt.TimestampUtc:O} value:{FormatObject(evt.Value)} status:{FormatStatusElements(evt.Status)}");
    };

    int serverHandle = server.Register(endpoint, solution, Console.WriteLine, dumpMessages);
    Console.WriteLine($"compat_register_server={serverHandle}");

    AsbSubscriptionOptions subscriptionOptions = new()
    {
        MaxQueueSize = 128,
        SampleInterval = (ulong)subscribeSampleMs,
    };
    AsbMonitoredItemOptions monitoredItemOptions = new()
    {
        SampleInterval = (ulong)subscribeSampleMs,
    };

    int[] itemHandles = tags.Select(tag =>
    {
        int itemHandle = server.AddItem(serverHandle, tag);
        Console.WriteLine($"compat_add_item tag:{tag} item:{itemHandle}");
        server.Advise(serverHandle, itemHandle, subscriptionOptions, monitoredItemOptions);
        Console.WriteLine($"compat_advise item:{itemHandle}");
        return itemHandle;
    }).ToArray();

    for (int i = 0; i < publishCount; i++)
    {
        if (i > 0 && publishDelayMs > 0)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(publishDelayMs));
        }

        AsbPublishResult result = server.Poll(serverHandle);
        Console.WriteLine($"compat_poll[{i}] error=0x{result.Response.Result.ErrorCode:X8} values:{result.Values.Count}");
    }

    foreach (int itemHandle in itemHandles)
    {
        server.RemoveItem(serverHandle, itemHandle);
        Console.WriteLine($"compat_remove_item item:{itemHandle}");
    }

    server.Unregister(serverHandle);
    Console.WriteLine($"compat_unregister_server={serverHandle} data_changes={dataChangeCount}");
}

static string FormatObject(object? value)
{
    return value switch
    {
        null => string.Empty,
        Array array => string.Join(",", array.Cast<object?>()),
        DateTime dateTime => dateTime.ToString("O", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
        TimeSpan timeSpan => timeSpan.ToString("c", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
        IFormattable formattable => formattable.ToString(null, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
        _ => value.ToString() ?? string.Empty,
    };
}

static void PrintCleanup(string prefix, AsbClientCleanupResult? cleanup)
{
    if (cleanup is null)
    {
        return;
    }

    Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}=completed:{cleanup.Completed} succeeded:{cleanup.Succeeded} abort:{cleanup.UsedAbortFallback} requires_new:{cleanup.RequiresNewConnection} disconnect_attempted:{cleanup.DisconnectAttempted} disconnect_sent:{cleanup.DisconnectSent} disconnect_failure:{cleanup.DisconnectFailure ?? string.Empty}");
    PrintCommunicationCleanup($"{prefix}.channel", cleanup.Channel);
    PrintCommunicationCleanup($"{prefix}.factory", cleanup.Factory);
}

static void PrintCommunicationCleanup(string prefix, CommunicationObjectCleanupResult cleanup)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}=initial:{cleanup.InitialState} final:{cleanup.FinalState} close_attempted:{cleanup.CloseAttempted} closed:{cleanup.Closed} abort_attempted:{cleanup.AbortAttempted} aborted:{cleanup.Aborted} close_failure:{cleanup.CloseFailure ?? string.Empty} abort_failure:{cleanup.AbortFailure ?? string.Empty}");
}

static string? GetArg(string[] args, string name)
{
    string prefix = name + "=";
    return args.FirstOrDefault(arg => arg.StartsWith(prefix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))?.Substring(prefix.Length);
}

static string[] GetArgs(string[] args, string name)
{
    string prefix = name + "=";
    return args
        .Where(arg => arg.StartsWith(prefix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
        .Select(arg => arg.Substring(prefix.Length))
        .Where(value => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
        .ToArray();
}

static int? TryGetInt(string[] args, string name)
{
    return int.TryParse(GetArg(args, name), out int result) ? result : null;
}

static Variant? GetWriteVariant(string[] args)
{
    int? writeInt = TryGetInt(args, "--write-int");
    if (writeInt.HasValue)
    {
        return AsbVariantFactory.FromInt32(writeInt.Value);
    }

    string? writeBool = GetArg(args, "--write-bool");
    if (bool.TryParse(writeBool, out bool boolResult))
    {
        return AsbVariantFactory.FromBoolean(boolResult);
    }

    string? writeFloat = GetArg(args, "--write-float");
    if (float.TryParse(writeFloat, NumberStyles.Float, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out float floatResult))
    {
        return AsbVariantFactory.FromSingle(floatResult);
    }

    string? writeDouble = GetArg(args, "--write-double");
    if (double.TryParse(writeDouble, NumberStyles.Float, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out double doubleResult))
    {
        return AsbVariantFactory.FromDouble(doubleResult);
    }

    string? writeString = GetArg(args, "--write-string");
    if (writeString is not null)
    {
        return AsbVariantFactory.FromString(writeString);
    }

    string? writeDateTime = GetArg(args, "--write-datetime");
    if (DateTime.TryParse(
        writeDateTime,
        CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
        DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal | DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal,
        out DateTime dateTimeResult))
    {
        return AsbVariantFactory.FromDateTime(dateTimeResult);
    }

    if (TryParseArray(args, "--write-int-array", int.TryParse, out int[] intArray))
    {
        return AsbVariantFactory.FromInt32Array(intArray);
    }

    if (TryParseArray(args, "--write-bool-array", bool.TryParse, out bool[] boolArray))
    {
        return AsbVariantFactory.FromBooleanArray(boolArray);
    }

    if (TryParseFloatArray(args, "--write-float-array", out float[] floatArray))
    {
        return AsbVariantFactory.FromSingleArray(floatArray);
    }

    if (TryParseDoubleArray(args, "--write-double-array", out double[] doubleArray))
    {
        return AsbVariantFactory.FromDoubleArray(doubleArray);
    }

    string? writeStringArray = GetArg(args, "--write-string-array");
    if (writeStringArray is not null)
    {
        return AsbVariantFactory.FromStringArray(writeStringArray.Split('|'));
    }

    if (TryParseDateTimeArray(args, "--write-datetime-array", out DateTime[] dateTimeArray))
    {
        return AsbVariantFactory.FromDateTimeArray(dateTimeArray);
    }

    return null;
}

static bool TryParseArray<T>(string[] args, string name, TryParse<T> parser, out T[] values)
{
    string? raw = GetArg(args, name);
    if (raw is null)
    {
        values = [];
        return false;
    }

    string[] parts = raw.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries);
    values = new T[parts.Length];
    for (int i = 0; i < parts.Length; i++)
    {
        if (!parser(parts[i], out values[i]))
        {
            values = [];
            return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

static bool TryParseFloatArray(string[] args, string name, out float[] values)
{
    return TryParseArray(args, name, TryParseFloat, out values);
}

static bool TryParseDoubleArray(string[] args, string name, out double[] values)
{
    return TryParseArray(args, name, TryParseDouble, out values);
}

static bool TryParseDateTimeArray(string[] args, string name, out DateTime[] values)
{
    return TryParseArray(args, name, TryParseDateTime, out values);
}

static bool TryParseFloat(string value, out float result)
{
    return float.TryParse(value, NumberStyles.Float, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out result);
}

static bool TryParseDouble(string value, out double result)
{
    return double.TryParse(value, NumberStyles.Float, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out result);
}

static bool TryParseDateTime(string value, out DateTime result)
{
    return DateTime.TryParse(
        value,
        CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
        DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal | DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal,
        out result);
}

static bool HasArg(string[] args, string name)
{
    return args.Any(arg => arg.Equals(name, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
}

static string FormatException(Exception ex)
{
    return $"{ex.GetType().Name}:0x{ex.HResult:X8}:{ex.Message}";
}

delegate bool TryParse<T>(string value, out T result);