lmxopcua/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.OpcUaServer.Tests/NodeManagerScriptedAlarmOwnerScopeTests.cs

using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
using Opc.Ua;
using Opc.Ua.Server;
using Shouldly;
using Xunit;
using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.OpcUa;
using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Configuration.Entities;
using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Configuration.Enums;
using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Authorization;
using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.OpcUaServer.Security;

namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.OpcUaServer.Tests;

/// <summary>
///     Gitea #797 — a scripted alarm condition's NodeId is its opaque <c>ScriptedAlarmId</c>, so with ACLs
///     enforced its Part 9 commands are authorized at the scope of the equipment its exact live instance is
///     bound to, resolved through the CURRENT authority generation — never at a scope split out of the id.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
///     <para>
///         The topology is production-shaped: every UNS folder id is an opaque entity id (<c>UA-…</c>,
///         <c>UL-…</c>, <c>EQ-…</c>) exactly as <c>AddressSpaceApplier.MaterialiseHierarchy</c> mints them, and
///         the grant paths and owner paths both come from <see cref="AclScopePathResolver"/> over the area /
///         line / equipment NAMES, as the deployment artifact resolves them. Nothing in the address space is a
///         slash-qualified synthetic id, so a pass here cannot be a coincidence of the id spelling a path.
///     </para>
///     <para>
///         The handlers are driven directly (the SDK delegates on the condition), which reaches the gate
///         exactly as a client call does and additionally lets a test hold on to a REPLACED instance — the
///         one case a real client can no longer address once the NodeId resolves to its successor.
///     </para>
/// </remarks>
public sealed class NodeManagerScriptedAlarmOwnerScopeTests : IDisposable
{
    private const string Cluster = "SITE-A";
    private const string Principal = "scadabridge";
    private const string KeyId = "k-797";
    private const string AreaId = "UA-0000000001";
    private const string LineId = "UL-0000000001";
    private const string Pump = "EQ-00000000a1b2";
    private const string Fan = "EQ-00000000c3d4";
    private const string Alarm = "scripted-eqa-hi";
    private const string FanAlarm = "scripted-fan-hi";

    private const NodePermissions AlarmOps =
        NodePermissions.ReadOnly | NodePermissions.AlarmAcknowledge | NodePermissions.AlarmConfirm
        | NodePermissions.AlarmShelve | NodePermissions.MethodCall;

    private static readonly DateTime Start = new(2026, 11, 10, 12, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);

    private static CancellationToken Ct => TestContext.Current.CancellationToken;

    private readonly string _pkiRoot = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), $"otopcua-797-{Guid.NewGuid():N}");

    // ───────────────────────────── the defect, and its positive ─────────────────────────────

    /// <summary>
    ///     THE #797 allow: a session holding NO roles and only an <c>Equipment</c> grant on the owning equipment
    ///     acknowledges a scripted condition with a production-valid opaque id, and the command routes once with
    ///     the id unchanged. Before the binding this was <c>BadUserAccessDenied</c>.
    /// </summary>
    [Fact]
    public async Task An_equipment_grant_authorizes_every_command_on_its_own_scripted_condition()
    {
        var (host, server) = await BootAsync();
        try
        {
            var nm = server.NodeManager!;
            var routed = Route(nm);
            Topology(nm);
            Wire(nm, new FakeClock(Start), [Key()], EquipmentGrant(Pump, AlarmOps));
            var condition = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm)!;
            var ctx = Context(server, KeyIdentity());

            nm.ScriptedAlarmOwnerOf(Alarm).ShouldBe(Pump);
            condition.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("ack")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            condition.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("re-ack")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            condition.OnConfirm!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("confirm")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            condition.OnConfirm!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("re-confirm")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            condition.OnAddComment!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("note")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            condition.OnShelve!(ctx, condition, shelving: true, oneShot: true, shelvingTime: 0).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            condition.OnShelve!(ctx, condition, shelving: true, oneShot: false, shelvingTime: 60_000).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            condition.OnShelve!(ctx, condition, shelving: false, oneShot: false, shelvingTime: 0).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            condition.OnEnableDisable!(ctx, condition, false).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            condition.OnEnableDisable!(ctx, condition, true).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);

            routed.Select(c => c.Operation).ShouldBe(
                ["Acknowledge", "Acknowledge", "Confirm", "Confirm", "AddComment", "OneShotShelve", "TimedShelve",
                 "Unshelve", "Disable", "Enable"]);
            routed.ShouldAllBe(c => c.AlarmId == Alarm && c.User == Principal);
        }
        finally { await host.DisposeAsync(); }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     The narrow grant confers exactly its own flags at the owner: Acknowledge alone does not confer Confirm
    ///     or Shelve, so the operation split survives the move to owner scope.
    /// </summary>
    [Fact]
    public async Task The_owner_scope_honours_the_grants_operation_flags()
    {
        var (host, server) = await BootAsync();
        try
        {
            var nm = server.NodeManager!;
            var routed = Route(nm);
            Topology(nm);
            Wire(nm, new FakeClock(Start), [Key()],
                EquipmentGrant(Pump, NodePermissions.ReadOnly | NodePermissions.AlarmAcknowledge));
            var condition = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm)!;
            var ctx = Context(server, KeyIdentity());

            condition.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("ack")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            Denied(condition.OnConfirm!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("confirm")));
            Denied(condition.OnShelve!(ctx, condition, shelving: true, oneShot: true, shelvingTime: 0));

            routed.Select(c => c.Operation).ShouldBe(["Acknowledge"]);
        }
        finally { await host.DisposeAsync(); }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     An ancestor grant (the line) covers its equipment's alarms; a grant on the SIBLING equipment, or on a
    ///     single tag beneath the owner, does not. Each deny is preceded on the same session by an allow on a
    ///     condition the grant does cover, so the deny cannot be a gate that denies everything.
    /// </summary>
    [Fact]
    public async Task Sibling_equipment_and_tag_grants_are_denied_and_an_ancestor_grant_is_allowed()
    {
        var (host, server) = await BootAsync();
        try
        {
            var nm = server.NodeManager!;
            var routed = Route(nm);
            Topology(nm);
            var clock = new FakeClock(Start);
            var (state, _) = Wire(nm, clock, [Key()], EquipmentGrant(Fan, AlarmOps));
            var pump = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm)!;
            var fan = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(FanAlarm)!;
            var ctx = Context(server, KeyIdentity());

            fan.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, fan, EventId(), new LocalizedText("fan ok")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            Denied(pump.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, pump, EventId(), new LocalizedText("sibling")));
            Denied(pump.OnAddComment!(ctx, pump, EventId(), new LocalizedText("sibling")));
            routed.Count.ShouldBe(1);

            // A tag grant beneath the owner is about that signal, not the equipment's alarms.
            Reapply(state, "rev-tag", [Key()], new NodeAcl
            {
                NodeAclId = "tag", ClusterId = Cluster, Principal = Principal, ScopeKind = NodeAclScopeKind.Tag,
                ScopeId = "TAG-1", PermissionFlags = AlarmOps,
            }, EquipmentGrant(Fan, AlarmOps));
            Denied(pump.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, pump, EventId(), new LocalizedText("tag")));
            routed.Count.ShouldBe(1);

            // The line is an ancestor of both equipments: it covers both.
            Reapply(state, "rev-line", [Key()], new NodeAcl
            {
                NodeAclId = "line", ClusterId = Cluster, Principal = Principal, ScopeKind = NodeAclScopeKind.UnsLine,
                ScopeId = LineId, PermissionFlags = AlarmOps,
            });
            pump.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, pump, EventId(), new LocalizedText("line")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            routed.Select(c => c.AlarmId).ShouldBe([FanAlarm, Alarm]);
        }
        finally { await host.DisposeAsync(); }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     The old split scope <c>[uns, scripted-eqa-hi]</c> would have been satisfied by an unrelated AREA whose
    ///     name happened to equal the alarm's id. The owner binding ignores the id's spelling entirely.
    /// </summary>
    [Fact]
    public async Task An_area_whose_name_equals_the_alarm_id_confers_nothing()
    {
        var (host, server) = await BootAsync();
        try
        {
            var nm = server.NodeManager!;
            var routed = Route(nm);
            Topology(nm);
            var areas = new Dictionary<string, string> { [AreaId] = "Area1", ["UA-decoy"] = Alarm };
            Wire(nm, new FakeClock(Start), [Key()], areas, new NodeAcl
            {
                NodeAclId = "decoy", ClusterId = Cluster, Principal = Principal, ScopeKind = NodeAclScopeKind.UnsArea,
                ScopeId = "UA-decoy", PermissionFlags = AlarmOps,
            });
            var condition = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm)!;

            Denied(condition.OnAcknowledge!(Context(server, KeyIdentity()), condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("decoy")));
            routed.ShouldBeEmpty();
        }
        finally { await host.DisposeAsync(); }
    }

    // ───────────────────────────── re-checked at every call ─────────────────────────────

    /// <summary>
    ///     Key, grant and generation are re-read at each call: a deployment that drops the grant or disables the
    ///     key, or the clock passing the key's expiry, denies the very next command on the same open session;
    ///     restoring the authority restores the allow.
    /// </summary>
    [Theory]
    [InlineData("grant")]
    [InlineData("key")]
    [InlineData("expiry")]
    [InlineData("owner-path")]
    public async Task Revocation_reaches_the_next_command_and_restoration_restores_it(string change)
    {
        var (host, server) = await BootAsync();
        try
        {
            var nm = server.NodeManager!;
            var routed = Route(nm);
            Topology(nm);
            var clock = new FakeClock(Start);
            var key = Key(expiresUtc: Start.AddMinutes(10));
            var grant = EquipmentGrant(Pump, AlarmOps);
            var (state, _) = Wire(nm, clock, [key], grant);
            var condition = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm)!;
            var ctx = Context(server, KeyIdentity());

            condition.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("before")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);

            switch (change)
            {
                case "grant": Reapply(state, "rev-2", [key]); break;
                case "key":
                    var disabled = Key(expiresUtc: Start.AddMinutes(10));
                    disabled.Enabled = false;
                    Reapply(state, "rev-2", [disabled], grant);
                    break;
                case "expiry": clock.Advance(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(20)); break;
                case "owner-path":
                    // The generation no longer places the owner (equipment deleted from the artifact while the
                    // node is still served): the grant's own scope stays resolvable, the owner does not.
                    state.Apply(Cluster, "rev-2", [key], [grant], Resolver().Resolve([grant]),
                        new Dictionary<string, NodeAclPath>());
                    break;
            }

            Denied(condition.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("after")));
            Denied(condition.OnConfirm!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("after")));
            Denied(condition.OnAddComment!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("after")));
            routed.Count.ShouldBe(1);

            clock.Reset(Start);
            Reapply(state, "rev-3", [key], grant);
            condition.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("restored")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            routed.Count.ShouldBe(2);
        }
        finally { await host.DisposeAsync(); }
    }

    // ───────────────────────────── binding lifecycle ─────────────────────────────

    /// <summary>
    ///     Delete + recreate of the same id under ANOTHER equipment: the new instance is bound to the new owner,
    ///     the old equipment's grant is denied on it, the new equipment's grant is allowed — and the REPLACED
    ///     instance, still held by a caller, is denied under every grant, even a Cluster one.
    /// </summary>
    [Fact]
    public async Task A_recreated_alarm_binds_to_its_new_equipment_and_the_replaced_instance_is_denied()
    {
        var (host, server) = await BootAsync();
        try
        {
            var nm = server.NodeManager!;
            var routed = Route(nm);
            Topology(nm);
            var (state, _) = Wire(nm, new FakeClock(Start), [Key()], EquipmentGrant(Pump, AlarmOps));
            var ctx = Context(server, KeyIdentity());
            var original = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm)!;
            original.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, original, EventId(), new LocalizedText("original")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);

            nm.RemoveAlarmConditionNode(Alarm, AddressSpaceRealm.Uns).ShouldBeTrue();
            nm.ScriptedAlarmOwnerOf(Alarm).ShouldBeNull("a removed condition has no owner");
            Denied(original.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, original, EventId(), new LocalizedText("removed")));

            nm.MaterialiseAlarmCondition(Alarm, Fan, "hi", "AlarmCondition", 500, AddressSpaceRealm.Uns);
            var recreated = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm)!;
            recreated.ShouldNotBeSameAs(original);
            nm.ScriptedAlarmOwnerOf(Alarm).ShouldBe(Fan);

            Denied(recreated.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, recreated, EventId(), new LocalizedText("old grant")));
            routed.Count.ShouldBe(1);

            Reapply(state, "rev-fan", [Key()], EquipmentGrant(Fan, AlarmOps));
            recreated.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, recreated, EventId(), new LocalizedText("new grant")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            routed.Count.ShouldBe(2);

            // The replaced instance stays dead under every grant, the broadest included.
            Reapply(state, "rev-cluster", [Key()], ClusterGrant(AlarmOps));
            Denied(original.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, original, EventId(), new LocalizedText("stale")));
            Denied(original.OnAddComment!(ctx, original, EventId(), new LocalizedText("stale")));
            routed.Count.ShouldBe(2);
            routed.ShouldAllBe(c => c.AlarmId == Alarm);
        }
        finally { await host.DisposeAsync(); }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     A re-materialise of a live scripted condition naming a DIFFERENT owner (no rebuild in between) is not
    ///     the idempotent no-op it is for an unchanged one: the condition is re-parented under — and re-bound to —
    ///     the new equipment. An unchanged re-materialise keeps the instance (and its subscriptions) and its binding.
    /// </summary>
    [Fact]
    public async Task A_rematerialise_under_another_equipment_rebinds_and_an_unchanged_one_is_a_no_op()
    {
        var (host, server) = await BootAsync();
        try
        {
            var nm = server.NodeManager!;
            Topology(nm);
            var first = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm)!;

            nm.MaterialiseAlarmCondition(Alarm, Pump, "hi", "AlarmCondition", 500, AddressSpaceRealm.Uns);
            nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm).ShouldBeSameAs(first);
            nm.ScriptedAlarmOwnerOf(Alarm).ShouldBe(Pump);

            nm.MaterialiseAlarmCondition(Alarm, Fan, "hi", "AlarmCondition", 500, AddressSpaceRealm.Uns);
            var moved = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm)!;
            moved.ShouldNotBeSameAs(first);
            nm.ScriptedAlarmOwnerOf(Alarm).ShouldBe(Fan);
            moved.Parent!.NodeId.IdentifierAsString.ShouldBe(Fan);
        }
        finally { await host.DisposeAsync(); }
    }

    /// <summary>A full rebuild and an equipment-subtree removal drop every binding they tear down.</summary>
    [Fact]
    public async Task Rebuild_and_equipment_subtree_removal_drop_the_binding()
    {
        var (host, server) = await BootAsync();
        try
        {
            var nm = server.NodeManager!;
            var routed = Route(nm);
            Topology(nm);
            Wire(nm, new FakeClock(Start), [Key()], ClusterGrant(AlarmOps));
            var ctx = Context(server, KeyIdentity());
            var fan = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(FanAlarm)!;
            fan.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, fan, EventId(), new LocalizedText("live")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);

            nm.RemoveEquipmentSubtree(Fan, AddressSpaceRealm.Uns).ShouldBeTrue();
            nm.ScriptedAlarmOwnerOf(FanAlarm).ShouldBeNull();
            Denied(fan.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, fan, EventId(), new LocalizedText("subtree gone")));

            var pump = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm)!;
            nm.RebuildAddressSpace();
            nm.ScriptedAlarmOwnerOf(Alarm).ShouldBeNull();
            Denied(pump.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, pump, EventId(), new LocalizedText("rebuilt away")));
            routed.Count.ShouldBe(1);
        }
        finally { await host.DisposeAsync(); }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     A scripted condition whose owner folder did not exist when it was materialised hangs under the root and
    ///     is UNBOUND: with enforcement on, nothing authorizes it — not even a Cluster grant. There is no fallback
    ///     to the realm root, the cluster, or the id. An unknown id has no condition at all.
    /// </summary>
    [Fact]
    public async Task An_unbound_scripted_condition_is_denied_even_under_a_cluster_grant()
    {
        var (host, server) = await BootAsync();
        try
        {
            var nm = server.NodeManager!;
            var routed = Route(nm);
            Topology(nm);
            nm.MaterialiseAlarmCondition("scripted-orphan", "EQ-not-materialised", "orphan", "AlarmCondition", 500, AddressSpaceRealm.Uns);
            Wire(nm, new FakeClock(Start), [Key()], ClusterGrant(AlarmOps));
            var ctx = Context(server, KeyIdentity());
            var orphan = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition("scripted-orphan")!;

            nm.ScriptedAlarmOwnerOf("scripted-orphan").ShouldBeNull();
            nm.ScriptedAlarmOwnerOf("scripted-never-existed").ShouldBeNull();
            var bound = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm)!;
            bound.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, bound, EventId(), new LocalizedText("positive control")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            Denied(orphan.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, orphan, EventId(), new LocalizedText("orphan")));
            routed.Select(c => c.AlarmId).ShouldBe([Alarm]);
        }
        finally { await host.DisposeAsync(); }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     The production population path end to end: a composition applied by <see cref="AddressSpaceApplier"/>
    ///     through the <see cref="DeferredAddressSpaceSink"/> wrapper the actors inject (no new sink method — the
    ///     binding rides <c>MaterialiseAlarmCondition</c>'s existing <c>EquipmentId</c>), then an Equipment grant
    ///     resolved from the SAME names authorizes the alarm while the sibling equipment's grant does not.
    /// </summary>
    [Fact]
    public async Task The_applier_binds_each_scripted_alarm_to_its_composition_equipment()
    {
        var (host, server) = await BootAsync();
        try
        {
            var nm = server.NodeManager!;
            var routed = Route(nm);
            var deferred = new DeferredAddressSpaceSink();
            deferred.SetSink(new SdkAddressSpaceSink(nm));
            var applier = new AddressSpaceApplier(deferred, NullLogger<AddressSpaceApplier>.Instance);
            var composition = new AddressSpaceComposition(
                [new UnsAreaProjection(AreaId, "Area1")],
                [new UnsLineProjection(LineId, AreaId, "Line1")],
                [new EquipmentNode(Pump, "Pump", LineId), new EquipmentNode(Fan, "Fan", LineId)],
                [],
                [])
            {
                EquipmentScriptedAlarms =
                [
                    new EquipmentScriptedAlarmPlan(Alarm, Pump, "hi", "AlarmCondition", 500, "m", "s1", "return false;", [], false, true, true),
                    new EquipmentScriptedAlarmPlan(FanAlarm, Fan, "fan hi", "AlarmCondition", 500, "m", "s2", "return false;", [], false, true, true),
                ],
            };

            applier.MaterialiseHierarchy(composition).ShouldBe(0);
            applier.MaterialiseScriptedAlarms(composition).ShouldBe(0);

            nm.ScriptedAlarmOwnerOf(Alarm).ShouldBe(Pump);
            nm.ScriptedAlarmOwnerOf(FanAlarm).ShouldBe(Fan);
            nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm)!.NodeId.IdentifierAsString.ShouldBe(Alarm, "the opaque NodeId is unchanged");

            var (state, _) = Wire(nm, new FakeClock(Start), [Key()], EquipmentGrant(Pump, AlarmOps));
            var ctx = Context(server, KeyIdentity());
            var pump = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm)!;
            var fan = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(FanAlarm)!;
            pump.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, pump, EventId(), new LocalizedText("owner")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            Denied(fan.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, fan, EventId(), new LocalizedText("sibling")));
            routed.Select(c => c.AlarmId).ShouldBe([Alarm]);
            state.Current.GenerationId.ShouldBe(1);
        }
        finally { await host.DisposeAsync(); }
    }

    // ───────────────────────────── what must not change ─────────────────────────────

    /// <summary>
    ///     Native conditions (ConditionId = RawPath) keep their NodeId-scoped decision: a RawDevice grant
    ///     authorizes Acknowledge and AddComment, and an Equipment grant on a referencing equipment does not —
    ///     exactly as before #797. No owner binding is ever made for them.
    /// </summary>
    [Fact]
    public async Task Native_conditions_keep_their_raw_path_scoped_decision()
    {
        var (host, server) = await BootAsync();
        try
        {
            var nm = server.NodeManager!;
            var native = new List<NativeAlarmAck>();
            nm.NativeAlarmAckRouter = native.Add;
            var scripted = Route(nm);
            Topology(nm);
            nm.EnsureFolder("Plant/Modbus/dev1", parentNodeId: null, displayName: "dev1", realm: AddressSpaceRealm.Raw);
            nm.MaterialiseAlarmCondition("Plant/Modbus/dev1/temp_hi", "Plant/Modbus/dev1", "temp_hi", "OffNormalAlarm", 700,
                AddressSpaceRealm.Raw, isNative: true);
            nm.WireAlarmNotifiers("Plant/Modbus/dev1/temp_hi", AddressSpaceRealm.Raw, [Pump], AddressSpaceRealm.Uns);
            var condition = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition("Plant/Modbus/dev1/temp_hi", AddressSpaceRealm.Raw)!;
            nm.ScriptedAlarmOwnerOf("Plant/Modbus/dev1/temp_hi", AddressSpaceRealm.Raw).ShouldBeNull();
            var ctx = Context(server, KeyIdentity());

            var (state, _) = Wire(nm, new FakeClock(Start), [Key()], EquipmentGrant(Pump, AlarmOps));
            Denied(condition.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("equipment grant")));

            var rawDevice = new NodeAcl
            {
                NodeAclId = "dev", ClusterId = Cluster, Principal = Principal, ScopeKind = NodeAclScopeKind.RawDevice,
                ScopeId = "dev1", PermissionFlags = AlarmOps,
            };
            var scopes = new Dictionary<AclScopeRef, IReadOnlyList<NodeAclPath>>
            {
                [new AclScopeRef(NodeAclScopeKind.RawDevice, "dev1")] = [new NodeAclPath([NodeAclRealms.Raw, "Plant", "Modbus", "dev1"])],
            };
            state.Apply(Cluster, "rev-raw", [Key()], [rawDevice], scopes, OwnerPaths());
            condition.OnAcknowledge!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("raw grant")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            condition.OnAddComment!(ctx, condition, EventId(), new LocalizedText("raw note")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);

            native.Count.ShouldBe(1);
            native[0].ConditionNodeId.ShouldBe("Plant/Modbus/dev1/temp_hi");
            scripted.Select(c => (c.AlarmId, c.Operation)).ShouldBe([("Plant/Modbus/dev1/temp_hi", "AddComment")]);
        }
        finally { await host.DisposeAsync(); }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     With <c>Security:Acl:Enabled</c> OFF nothing changes: the activation-time <c>AlarmAck</c> role decides,
    ///     bound or unbound, and a session without it is denied — the binding is consulted only by the ACL path.
    /// </summary>
    [Fact]
    public async Task With_acl_off_the_alarm_ack_role_decides_bound_or_unbound()
    {
        var (host, server) = await BootAsync();
        try
        {
            var nm = server.NodeManager!;
            var routed = Route(nm);
            Topology(nm);
            nm.MaterialiseAlarmCondition("scripted-orphan", "EQ-not-materialised", "orphan", "AlarmCondition", 500, AddressSpaceRealm.Uns);
            Wire(nm, new FakeClock(Start), [Key()], enabled: false, EquipmentGrant(Fan, AlarmOps));
            var bound = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition(Alarm)!;
            var orphan = nm.TryGetAlarmCondition("scripted-orphan")!;

            var withRole = Context(server, KeyIdentity(OpcUaDataPlaneRoles.AlarmAck));
            bound.OnAcknowledge!(withRole, bound, EventId(), new LocalizedText("1")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);
            orphan.OnAcknowledge!(withRole, orphan, EventId(), new LocalizedText("2")).ShouldBe(ServiceResult.Good);

            var noRole = Context(server, KeyIdentity());
            Denied(bound.OnAcknowledge!(noRole, bound, EventId(), new LocalizedText("3")));
            routed.Select(c => c.AlarmId).ShouldBe([Alarm, "scripted-orphan"]);
        }
        finally { await host.DisposeAsync(); }
    }

    // ───────────────────────────── helpers ─────────────────────────────

    /// <summary>
    ///     Area1 / Line1 / {Pump, Fan}, every folder under its opaque entity id, with one scripted alarm under each
    ///     equipment — the shape <c>AddressSpaceApplier</c> materialises in production.
    /// </summary>
    private static void Topology(OtOpcUaNodeManager nm)
    {
        nm.EnsureFolder(AreaId, parentNodeId: null, displayName: "Area1", realm: AddressSpaceRealm.Uns);
        nm.EnsureFolder(LineId, parentNodeId: AreaId, displayName: "Line1", realm: AddressSpaceRealm.Uns);
        nm.EnsureFolder(Pump, parentNodeId: LineId, displayName: "Pump", realm: AddressSpaceRealm.Uns);
        nm.EnsureFolder(Fan, parentNodeId: LineId, displayName: "Fan", realm: AddressSpaceRealm.Uns);
        nm.MaterialiseAlarmCondition(Alarm, Pump, "hi", "AlarmCondition", 500, AddressSpaceRealm.Uns);
        nm.MaterialiseAlarmCondition(FanAlarm, Fan, "fan hi", "AlarmCondition", 500, AddressSpaceRealm.Uns);
    }

    private static Dictionary<string, string> Areas() => new() { [AreaId] = "Area1" };

    /// <summary>The production resolver over the topology's NAMES, as the deployment artifact builds it.</summary>
    private static AclScopePathResolver Resolver(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string>? areas = null) => new(
        new Dictionary<string, (string? ParentId, string Name)>(),
        new Dictionary<string, (string? RawFolderId, string Name)>(),
        new Dictionary<string, (string DriverInstanceId, string Name)>(),
        new Dictionary<string, (string? ParentId, string DeviceId, string Name)>(),
        new Dictionary<string, (string DeviceId, string? TagGroupId, string Name)>
        {
            // A tag referenced by Pump, so a Tag grant resolves to a path BENEATH the owner.
            ["TAG-1"] = ("dev-x", null, "Speed"),
        },
        areas ?? Areas(),
        new Dictionary<string, (string UnsAreaId, string Name)> { [LineId] = (AreaId, "Line1") },
        new Dictionary<string, (string UnsLineId, string Name)>
        {
            [Pump] = (LineId, "Pump"),
            [Fan] = (LineId, "Fan"),
        },
        [(Pump, "TAG-1", "Speed")]);

    /// <summary>Every equipment's owner path, through the same resolver call the artifact makes.</summary>
    private static Dictionary<string, NodeAclPath> OwnerPaths()
    {
        var resolver = Resolver();
        return new Dictionary<string, NodeAclPath>
        {
            [Pump] = resolver.ResolveOne(NodeAclScopeKind.Equipment, Pump).ShouldHaveSingleItem(),
            [Fan] = resolver.ResolveOne(NodeAclScopeKind.Equipment, Fan).ShouldHaveSingleItem(),
        };
    }

    private static (DataPlaneAuthorityState State, DataPlaneAuthorizer Authorizer) Wire(
        OtOpcUaNodeManager nm, TimeProvider clock, ApiKey[] keys, params NodeAcl[] grants) =>
        Wire(nm, clock, keys, enabled: true, Areas(), grants);

    private static (DataPlaneAuthorityState State, DataPlaneAuthorizer Authorizer) Wire(
        OtOpcUaNodeManager nm, TimeProvider clock, ApiKey[] keys, IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> areas,
        params NodeAcl[] grants) =>
        Wire(nm, clock, keys, enabled: true, areas, grants);

    private static (DataPlaneAuthorityState State, DataPlaneAuthorizer Authorizer) Wire(
        OtOpcUaNodeManager nm, TimeProvider clock, ApiKey[] keys, bool enabled, params NodeAcl[] grants) =>
        Wire(nm, clock, keys, enabled, Areas(), grants);

    private static (DataPlaneAuthorityState State, DataPlaneAuthorizer Authorizer) Wire(
        OtOpcUaNodeManager nm, TimeProvider clock, ApiKey[] keys, bool enabled,
        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> areas, NodeAcl[] grants)
    {
        var state = new DataPlaneAuthorityState();
        state.Apply(Cluster, "rev-1", keys, grants, Resolver(areas).Resolve(grants), OwnerPaths());
        var authorizer = new DataPlaneAuthorizer(
            state, new TriePermissionEvaluator(state.Tries), enabled, NullLogger.Instance, clock);
        nm.DataPlaneAuthority = state;
        nm.Authorizer = authorizer;
        return (state, authorizer);
    }

    /// <summary>A new deployment of the same topology carrying <paramref name="keys"/> and <paramref name="grants"/>.</summary>
    private static void Reapply(DataPlaneAuthorityState state, string revision, ApiKey[] keys, params NodeAcl[] grants) =>
        state.Apply(Cluster, revision, keys, grants, Resolver().Resolve(grants), OwnerPaths());

    private static NodeAcl EquipmentGrant(string equipmentId, NodePermissions flags) => new()
    {
        NodeAclId = $"acl-{equipmentId}",
        ClusterId = Cluster,
        Principal = Principal,
        ScopeKind = NodeAclScopeKind.Equipment,
        ScopeId = equipmentId,
        PermissionFlags = flags,
    };

    private static NodeAcl ClusterGrant(NodePermissions flags) => new()
    {
        NodeAclId = "acl-cluster",
        ClusterId = Cluster,
        Principal = Principal,
        ScopeKind = NodeAclScopeKind.Cluster,
        PermissionFlags = flags,
    };

    private static ApiKey Key(DateTime? expiresUtc = null) => new()
    {
        ApiKeyId = KeyId,
        Name = KeyId,
        SecretHash = "hash",
        Principal = Principal,
        Enabled = true,
        CreatedUtc = Start.AddDays(-1),
        ExpiresUtc = expiresUtc,
    };

    /// <summary>A key-carrying session; no roles unless given — under enforcement the grant alone must decide.</summary>
    private static RoleCarryingUserIdentity KeyIdentity(params string[] roles) =>
        new(new UserNameIdentityToken { UserName = "apikey" }, roles, Principal, KeyId);

    private static ServerSystemContext Context(OtOpcUaSdkServer server, RoleCarryingUserIdentity identity) =>
        new(server.CurrentInstance) { UserIdentity = identity };

    private static List<AlarmCommand> Route(OtOpcUaNodeManager nm)
    {
        var routed = new List<AlarmCommand>();
        nm.AlarmCommandRouter = routed.Add;
        return routed;
    }

    private static ByteString EventId() => ByteString.From(Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray());

    private static void Denied(ServiceResult result) =>
        result.StatusCode.Code.ShouldBe(StatusCodes.BadUserAccessDenied.Code);

    /// <summary>A hand-advanced clock; the authorizer reads it on every decision.</summary>
    private sealed class FakeClock(DateTime utcNow) : TimeProvider
    {
        private DateTimeOffset _now = new(utcNow, TimeSpan.Zero);

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public override DateTimeOffset GetUtcNow() => _now;

        public void Advance(TimeSpan by) => _now = _now.Add(by);

        public void Reset(DateTime utcNow) => _now = new DateTimeOffset(utcNow, TimeSpan.Zero);
    }

    private async Task<(OpcUaApplicationHost Host, OtOpcUaSdkServer Server)> BootAsync()
    {
        var started = await OpcUaHostStart.StartAsync(
            port => new OpcUaApplicationHost(
                new OpcUaApplicationHostOptions
                {
                    ApplicationName = "OtOpcUa.ScriptedOwnerScopeTest",
                    ApplicationUri = $"urn:OtOpcUa.ScriptedOwnerScopeTest:{Guid.NewGuid():N}",
                    OpcUaPort = port,
                    PublicHostname = "localhost",
                    PkiStoreRoot = _pkiRoot,
                },
                NullLogger<OpcUaApplicationHost>.Instance),
            () => new OtOpcUaSdkServer(), Ct);
        return (started.Host, started.Server);
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public void Dispose()
    {
        if (Directory.Exists(_pkiRoot))
        {
            try { Directory.Delete(_pkiRoot, recursive: true); }
            catch (IOException) { /* best effort */ }
        }
    }
}