lmxopcua/src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Historian.SqlServer/SqlHistorianConnection.cs

using System.Data;
using Microsoft.Data.SqlClient;

namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Historian.SqlServer;

/// <summary>
///     Connection + command helpers shared by every SQL historian component.
///     <para>Usage contract for writers/readers: call <see cref="SqlServerSchemaBootstrapper.EnsureAsync"/>
///     once (it is cheap after the first success), then <see cref="OpenAsync"/>. Build SQL with <see cref="Q"/>
///     for every object name and bind every timestamp through <see cref="AddDateTime2"/> or a TVP built by
///     <see cref="SampleRowMapper"/> — never a <c>DataTable</c> (it infers 3.33 ms <c>datetime</c>).</para>
/// </summary>
internal sealed class SqlHistorianConnection
{
    private static readonly int[] TransientNumbers =
        [1205, -2, 40613, 40197, 40501, 49918, 4060, 233, 10053, 10054, 10060, 11001];

    private readonly string _connectionString;

    /// <summary>Creates the helper; options must already be valid.</summary>
    /// <param name="options">Validated options.</param>
    public SqlHistorianConnection(SqlServerHistorianOptions options)
    {
        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(options);
        if (!SqlServerHistorianOptions.IsValidSchemaName(options.Schema))
            throw new ArgumentException("Invalid schema name.", nameof(options));
        _connectionString = options.ConnectionString;
        Schema = options.Schema;
        CommandTimeoutSeconds = Math.Max(1, (int)Math.Ceiling(options.CommandTimeout.TotalSeconds));
    }

    /// <summary>The validated schema name.</summary>
    public string Schema { get; }

    /// <summary>Command timeout applied by <see cref="CreateCommand"/>, in seconds.</summary>
    public int CommandTimeoutSeconds { get; }

    /// <summary>Schema-qualifies an object name: <c>[schema].[obj]</c>.</summary>
    /// <param name="obj">Unquoted object name (a fixed literal from this project, never user input).</param>
    /// <returns>The quoted two-part name.</returns>
    public string Q(string obj) => $"[{Schema}].[{obj}]";

    /// <summary>Opens a new connection (no bootstrap; see the class remarks).</summary>
    /// <param name="ct">Cancellation.</param>
    /// <returns>An open connection the caller disposes.</returns>
    public async Task<SqlConnection> OpenAsync(CancellationToken ct)
    {
        var conn = new SqlConnection(_connectionString);
        try
        {
            await conn.OpenAsync(ct).ConfigureAwait(false);
            return conn;
        }
        catch
        {
            await conn.DisposeAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
            throw;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>Creates a text command with the configured timeout.</summary>
    /// <param name="conn">Open connection.</param>
    /// <param name="sql">Command text.</param>
    /// <param name="tx">Optional transaction.</param>
    /// <returns>The command.</returns>
    public SqlCommand CreateCommand(SqlConnection conn, string sql, SqlTransaction? tx = null)
    {
        var cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
        cmd.CommandText = sql;
        cmd.CommandTimeout = CommandTimeoutSeconds;
        cmd.Transaction = tx;
        return cmd;
    }

    /// <summary>Adds a <c>datetime2(7)</c> scalar parameter (full 100 ns tick precision, UTC kind).</summary>
    /// <param name="cmd">Target command.</param>
    /// <param name="name">Parameter name including <c>@</c>.</param>
    /// <param name="value">Timestamp; treated as UTC.</param>
    /// <returns>The added parameter.</returns>
    public static SqlParameter AddDateTime2(SqlCommand cmd, string name, DateTime value)
    {
        var p = new SqlParameter(name, SqlDbType.DateTime2)
        {
            Scale = 7,
            Value = DateTime.SpecifyKind(value, DateTimeKind.Utc),
        };
        cmd.Parameters.Add(p);
        return p;
    }

    /// <summary>Adds a table-valued parameter of one of this schema's table types.</summary>
    /// <param name="cmd">Target command.</param>
    /// <param name="name">Parameter name including <c>@</c>.</param>
    /// <param name="typeName">Unqualified type name (<c>SampleRow</c> or <c>TimeRow</c>).</param>
    /// <param name="rows">Non-empty <c>SqlDataRecord</c> sequence (SqlClient rejects an empty one — skip the call).</param>
    /// <returns>The added parameter.</returns>
    public SqlParameter AddStructured(SqlCommand cmd, string name, string typeName,
        IEnumerable<Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.Server.SqlDataRecord> rows)
    {
        var p = new SqlParameter(name, SqlDbType.Structured) { TypeName = Q(typeName), Value = rows };
        cmd.Parameters.Add(p);
        return p;
    }

    /// <summary>Reads a <c>datetime2</c> column as a UTC <see cref="DateTime"/> (the driver returns Unspecified).</summary>
    /// <param name="reader">Reader positioned on a row.</param>
    /// <param name="ordinal">Column ordinal.</param>
    /// <returns>UTC timestamp.</returns>
    public static DateTime GetUtc(System.Data.Common.DbDataReader reader, int ordinal) =>
        DateTime.SpecifyKind(reader.GetDateTime(ordinal), DateTimeKind.Utc);

    /// <summary>True for connection/timeout/deadlock/throttling errors worth retrying.</summary>
    /// <param name="ex">Exception from a SQL call.</param>
    /// <returns>Whether a retry may succeed.</returns>
    public static bool IsTransient(Exception ex)
    {
        if (ex is TimeoutException) return true;
        if (ex is not SqlException sql) return false;
        if (sql.IsTransient) return true;
        foreach (SqlError e in sql.Errors)
            if (Array.IndexOf(TransientNumbers, e.Number) >= 0) return true;
        return Array.IndexOf(TransientNumbers, sql.Number) >= 0;
    }

    /// <summary>True when <paramref name="ex"/> is a unique-key violation (2627/2601): "already present".</summary>
    /// <param name="ex">Exception from a SQL call.</param>
    /// <returns>Whether it is a duplicate-key error.</returns>
    public static bool IsDuplicateKey(Exception ex) =>
        ex is SqlException sql && sql.Errors.Cast<SqlError>().Any(e => e.Number is 2627 or 2601);
}