using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
using TwinCAT.Ads;
using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Abstractions;

namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.TwinCAT;

/// <summary>
///     Two-phase, degrade-guarded Test-Connect probe for the <see cref="TwinCATDriverOptions"/>-shaped
///     driver config. Phase 1: a bare TCP connect to the first device's AMS router host (first four
///     octets of the AMS Net ID) on the AMS port — fast rejection of unreachable targets. Phase 2:
///     a real ADS handshake — <c>AdsClient.Connect(netId, port)</c> + <c>ReadStateAsync</c> — to
///     confirm the endpoint speaks ADS and report the controller's run-state, not just that a TCP
///     socket opened.
///     <para>
///     <b>Outcome classification</b> — three cases:
///     <list type="number">
///         <item>
///             <b>ADS connected + ReadState OK</b> → <c>Ok=true</c>, message <c>"ADS state: {AdsState}"</c>
///             (e.g. "Run" / "Config" / "Stop"), with latency.
///         </item>
///         <item>
///             <b>Route/auth rejection from a reachable router</b> — an <see cref="AdsErrorException"/>
///             (or a non-success <c>ReadStateAsync</c> result) whose <see cref="AdsErrorCode"/> means the
///             router answered but won't let us in (e.g. <see cref="AdsErrorCode.TargetPortNotFound"/>,
///             <see cref="AdsErrorCode.TargetMachineNotFound"/>, <see cref="AdsErrorCode.PortNotConnected"/>,
///             <see cref="AdsErrorCode.PortDisabled"/>) → <c>Ok=false</c>, message
///             <c>"Reachable at {host}:{port} but ADS handshake failed: {code} — check the target's ADS
///             route table authorizes this host"</c>. This is a TRUE red: the driver itself also needs
///             the route, so a green tick here would be a false positive.
///         </item>
///         <item>
///             <b>Handshake could not be ATTEMPTED on this host</b> — the managed AMS router cannot run
///             headless (Beckhoff's <c>AdsClient.Connect</c> throws a server exception
///             "Check for a running TwinCAT router instance!"), or a <see cref="PlatformNotSupportedException"/>
///             / <see cref="TypeInitializationException"/> / <see cref="DllNotFoundException"/> /
///             <see cref="NotSupportedException"/> surfaces, or <c>ReadStateAsync</c> reports a client-side
///             port-not-open status → <b>DEGRADE</b>: <c>Ok=true</c>, message
///             <c>"Reachable at {host}:{port} (ADS handshake unavailable on this host — TCP reachability
///             only)"</c>, with latency. The probe NEVER produces a result worse than the old TCP-only
///             probe.
///         </item>
///     </list>
///     </para>
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
///     The line between case 2 (device-rejected → RED) and case 3 (can't-attempt → DEGRADE) is the
///     crux. Classification rests on the exception's identity: only an <see cref="AdsErrorException"/>
///     (or a result <see cref="AdsErrorCode"/>) carrying a route/target-port code is a RED — that is the
///     ADS router answering and refusing the route. Beckhoff's <c>TwinCAT.Ads.Server.AdsServerException</c>
///     ("running TwinCAT router instance!") derives from plain <see cref="Exception"/>, NOT from
///     <see cref="AdsErrorException"/>, so it is correctly classified as "can't attempt → DEGRADE".
///     When genuinely ambiguous, the probe DEGRADES (Ok=true, TCP-only note) rather than emit a false RED.
///     <para>
///     AMS Net ID format is six dot-separated octets (e.g. <c>192.168.1.10.1.1</c>); the first four
///     are typically the host IPv4 address by Beckhoff convention. The AMS router resolves the real IP
///     route server-side; the probe uses the first-four-octet heuristic for the TCP preflight target,
///     which is reliable for the overwhelming majority of production deployments.
///     </para>
///     The probe is read-only — <c>ReadStateAsync</c> never mutates PLC state — and always disposes the
///     <see cref="AdsClient"/>.
/// </remarks>
public sealed class TwinCATDriverProbe : IDriverProbe
{
    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions _opts = new()
    {
        PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true,
        UnmappedMemberHandling = JsonUnmappedMemberHandling.Skip,
        Converters = { new JsonStringEnumConverter() },
    };

    /// <summary>
    ///     AMS error codes that mean "the router answered but refused the route / target port" — a
    ///     genuine RED. The driver itself would also be denied, so a green tick would be a false
    ///     positive. Everything NOT in this set (client-side port/connection errors, sync timeouts,
    ///     router-not-initialised, etc.) is treated as "couldn't attempt the handshake" → DEGRADE.
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly HashSet<AdsErrorCode> _routeRejectCodes =
    [
        AdsErrorCode.TargetPortNotFound,
        AdsErrorCode.TargetMachineNotFound,
        AdsErrorCode.PortNotConnected,
        AdsErrorCode.PortDisabled,
        AdsErrorCode.AccessDenied,
        AdsErrorCode.DeviceAccessDenied,
    ];

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public string DriverType => "TwinCAT";

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public async Task<DriverProbeResult> ProbeAsync(string configJson, TimeSpan timeout, CancellationToken ct)
    {
        TwinCATDriverOptions? opts;
        try { opts = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<TwinCATDriverOptions>(configJson, _opts); }
        catch (Exception ex) { return new(false, $"Config JSON is invalid: {ex.Message}", null); }
        if (opts is null) return new(false, "Config JSON deserialized to null.", null);

        var (host, port, parsed) = ExtractTarget(opts);
        if (parsed is null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(host) || port <= 0)
            return new(false, "Config has no host/port to probe.", null);

        // Phase 1: bare TCP preflight — fast rejection for unreachable hosts. Messages here are
        // UNCHANGED from the original TCP-only probe.
        var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        try
        {
            using var socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            await socket.ConnectAsync(host, port, ct);
        }
        catch (SocketException ex)
        {
            return new(false, $"Connect failed: {ex.SocketErrorCode}", null);
        }
        catch (OperationCanceledException) when (ct.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            return new(false, $"Probe timed out after {timeout.TotalSeconds:F0}s.", null);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            return new(false, ex.Message, null);
        }

        // Phase 2: real ADS handshake. Connect + ReadStateAsync. The crux is the three-way
        // classification of how this can fail — see the class-doc and ClassifyHandshakeFailure.
        var degradeNote = $"Reachable at {host}:{port} (ADS handshake unavailable on this host — TCP reachability only)";
        try
        {
            using var client = new AdsClient();
            // Bound the ADS round-trip by the caller's timeout (clamped >=1s, mirrors AdsTwinCATClient).
            client.Timeout = (int)Math.Max(1_000, timeout.TotalMilliseconds);

            // Connect can throw a server exception ("running TwinCAT router instance!") on a headless
            // host with no AMS router — that is a can't-attempt DEGRADE, classified below.
            client.Connect(AmsNetId.Parse(parsed.NetId), parsed.Port);

            var state = await client.ReadStateAsync(ct).ConfigureAwait(false);
            sw.Stop();

            if (state.Succeeded)
                return new(true, $"ADS state: {state.State.AdsState}", sw.Elapsed);

            // Non-throwing failure carried in the result's error code.
            return state.ErrorCode == AdsErrorCode.ClientPortNotOpen
                ? new(true, degradeNote, sw.Elapsed)                       // client never opened — DEGRADE
                : ClassifyHandshakeFailure(state.ErrorCode, host, port, sw, degradeNote);
        }
        catch (OperationCanceledException) when (ct.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            // Caller timeout — keep the original timed-out message.
            return new(false, $"Probe timed out after {timeout.TotalSeconds:F0}s.", null);
        }
        catch (AdsErrorException ex)
        {
            // The router answered with an ADS-level error. Route/auth rejection → RED; anything
            // else (sync timeout, client port issues, …) → DEGRADE.
            return ClassifyHandshakeFailure(ex.ErrorCode, host, port, sw, degradeNote);
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            // Everything else — TwinCAT.Ads.Server.AdsServerException ("running TwinCAT router
            // instance!"), PlatformNotSupportedException, TypeInitializationException,
            // DllNotFoundException, NotSupportedException, etc. — means the handshake could not be
            // ATTEMPTED on this host. DEGRADE: never worse than the TCP-only probe.
            sw.Stop();
            return new(true, degradeNote, sw.Elapsed);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Classifies an ADS-level failure (from an <see cref="AdsErrorException"/> or a non-success
    ///     <c>ReadStateAsync</c> result). A route/target-port/access code means the router answered
    ///     but refused the route → RED. Any other code is treated as "couldn't attempt" → DEGRADE,
    ///     so the probe never under-reports a host with no usable ADS runtime.
    /// </summary>
    private static DriverProbeResult ClassifyHandshakeFailure(
        AdsErrorCode code, string host, int port, Stopwatch sw, string degradeNote)
    {
        if (_routeRejectCodes.Contains(code))
            return new(false,
                $"Reachable at {host}:{port} but ADS handshake failed: {code} — check the target's ADS route table authorizes this host",
                null);

        sw.Stop();
        return new(true, degradeNote, sw.Elapsed);
    }

    private static (string host, int port, TwinCATAmsAddress? parsed) ExtractTarget(TwinCATDriverOptions opts)
    {
        // Parse the first device's ads:// address.  AMS Net ID is six-octet; by Beckhoff
        // convention the first four octets are the host IPv4.  Extract those as the TCP target.
        var firstDevice = opts.Devices.FirstOrDefault();
        if (firstDevice is null) return (string.Empty, 0, null);

        var parsed = TwinCATAmsAddress.TryParse(firstDevice.HostAddress);
        if (parsed is null) return (string.Empty, 0, null);

        // NetId = "a.b.c.d.e.f" — take the first 4 octets as the host IP.
        var parts = parsed.NetId.Split('.');
        if (parts.Length < 4) return (string.Empty, 0, null);

        var hostIp = string.Join('.', parts[0], parts[1], parts[2], parts[3]);
        return (hostIp, parsed.Port, parsed);
    }
}