diff --git a/src/Client/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared/Adapters/DefaultSessionAdapter.cs b/src/Client/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared/Adapters/DefaultSessionAdapter.cs
index 9b4bbe05..1d25779e 100644
--- a/src/Client/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared/Adapters/DefaultSessionAdapter.cs
+++ b/src/Client/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared/Adapters/DefaultSessionAdapter.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Opc.Ua;
 using Opc.Ua.Client;
 using Serilog;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared.Helpers;
 
 namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared.Adapters;
 
@@ -172,8 +173,9 @@ internal sealed class DefaultSessionAdapter : ISessionAdapter
                 break;
 
             var result = results[0];
-            if (StatusCode.IsBad(result.StatusCode))
-                break;
+            // A refused read (BadHistoryOperationUnsupported, BadUserAccessDenied, ...) must surface; only
+            // BadNoData is an empty result. Swallowing it printed "0 values returned" for a refusal.
+            HistoryReadStatus.ThrowIfRefused(result.StatusCode, nodeId);
 
             if (result.HistoryData is ExtensionObject ext && ext.Body is HistoryData historyData)
                 allValues.AddRange(historyData.DataValues);
@@ -218,8 +220,8 @@ internal sealed class DefaultSessionAdapter : ISessionAdapter
         if (results != null && results.Count > 0)
         {
             var result = results[0];
-            if (!StatusCode.IsBad(result.StatusCode) &&
-                result.HistoryData is ExtensionObject ext &&
+            HistoryReadStatus.ThrowIfRefused(result.StatusCode, nodeId);
+            if (result.HistoryData is ExtensionObject ext &&
                 ext.Body is HistoryData historyData)
                 allValues.AddRange(historyData.DataValues);
         }
diff --git a/src/Client/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared/Helpers/HistoryReadStatus.cs b/src/Client/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared/Helpers/HistoryReadStatus.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a43d596
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Client/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared/Helpers/HistoryReadStatus.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+using Opc.Ua;
+
+namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared.Helpers;
+
+/// <summary>
+///     Classifies the per-node <c>HistoryReadResult.StatusCode</c> a server returns for a HistoryRead.
+///     A Bad per-node status (<c>BadHistoryOperationUnsupported</c>, <c>BadUserAccessDenied</c>,
+///     <c>BadNodeIdUnknown</c>, ...) is a refused read, not an empty one, so it must reach the caller
+///     instead of collapsing to "0 values returned". <c>BadNoData</c> is the one Bad code that genuinely
+///     means "the window held nothing" and stays an empty result.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class HistoryReadStatus
+{
+    /// <summary>Throws a <see cref="ServiceResultException"/> naming the node and status when the read was refused.</summary>
+    /// <param name="status">The per-node result status.</param>
+    /// <param name="nodeId">The node that was read, for the message.</param>
+    /// <exception cref="ServiceResultException"><paramref name="status"/> is Bad and not <c>BadNoData</c>.</exception>
+    public static void ThrowIfRefused(StatusCode status, NodeId nodeId)
+    {
+        if (!StatusCode.IsBad(status) || status.Code == StatusCodes.BadNoData) return;
+        throw new ServiceResultException(status.Code,
+            $"HistoryRead of {nodeId} failed: {StatusCodes.GetBrowseName(status.Code)} (0x{status.Code:X8}).");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Client/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared.Tests/Helpers/HistoryReadStatusTests.cs b/tests/Client/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared.Tests/Helpers/HistoryReadStatusTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91a70dc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Client/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared.Tests/Helpers/HistoryReadStatusTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+using Opc.Ua;
+using Shouldly;
+using Xunit;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared.Helpers;
+
+namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Client.Shared.Tests.Helpers;
+
+public class HistoryReadStatusTests
+{
+    /// <summary>A refused read must surface, carrying the status code, rather than read as an empty result.</summary>
+    /// <param name="code">The Bad per-node status code.</param>
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(StatusCodes.BadHistoryOperationUnsupported)]
+    [InlineData(StatusCodes.BadUserAccessDenied)]
+    [InlineData(StatusCodes.BadNodeIdUnknown)]
+    [InlineData(StatusCodes.BadTimeout)]
+    public void Bad_status_throws_ServiceResultException_with_the_code(uint code)
+    {
+        var ex = Should.Throw<ServiceResultException>(
+            () => HistoryReadStatus.ThrowIfRefused(new StatusCode(code), new NodeId("n", 2)));
+
+        ex.StatusCode.ShouldBe(code);
+        ex.Message.ShouldContain("ns=2;s=n");
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Good, GoodNoData, Uncertain and BadNoData are all non-refusals (the window may simply be empty).</summary>
+    /// <param name="code">The non-refusal status code.</param>
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(StatusCodes.Good)]
+    [InlineData(StatusCodes.GoodNoData)]
+    [InlineData(StatusCodes.GoodMoreData)]
+    [InlineData(StatusCodes.UncertainNoCommunicationLastUsableValue)]
+    [InlineData(StatusCodes.BadNoData)]
+    public void Non_refusal_status_does_not_throw(uint code)
+    {
+        Should.NotThrow(() => HistoryReadStatus.ThrowIfRefused(new StatusCode(code), new NodeId("n", 2)));
+    }
+}