diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.AdminUI/Components/Pages/Clusters/ClusterEquipment.razor b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.AdminUI/Components/Pages/Clusters/ClusterEquipment.razor
index b9b9098c..2a195572 100644
--- a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.AdminUI/Components/Pages/Clusters/ClusterEquipment.razor
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.AdminUI/Components/Pages/Clusters/ClusterEquipment.razor
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@
 else
 {
     <section class="panel notice rise" style="animation-delay:.02s">
-        Equipment rows are scoped to a UNS line and bound to a single driver. EquipmentId is
+        Equipment rows are scoped to a UNS line and optionally bound to a driver instance
+        (driver-less = VirtualTag-only). EquipmentId is
         system-generated (decision #125); browse identifiers are MachineCode (operator) + ZTag
         (ERP).
     </section>
diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.AdminUI/Components/Pages/Clusters/ImportEquipment.razor b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.AdminUI/Components/Pages/Clusters/ImportEquipment.razor
index 9867aade..60a80183 100644
--- a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.AdminUI/Components/Pages/Clusters/ImportEquipment.razor
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.AdminUI/Components/Pages/Clusters/ImportEquipment.razor
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
     Paste CSV below. Required header columns (in order):
     <span class="mono">Name, MachineCode, UnsLineId, DriverInstanceId</span>.
     Optional: <span class="mono">ZTag, SAPID, Manufacturer, Model</span>.
+    Bulk import requires a driver; driver-less (VirtualTag-only) equipment is created via the single-add form.
     Each row inserts one Equipment with a freshly-generated EquipmentId. Existing rows are
     detected by MachineCode and skipped (the importer is additive-only — no updates).
 </section>