diff --git a/docs/Telemetry.md b/docs/Telemetry.md
index f653a071..255c8588 100644
--- a/docs/Telemetry.md
+++ b/docs/Telemetry.md
@@ -256,10 +256,17 @@ driver node**:
   The cache is evicted per instance (`ITelemetryLocalHub.Evict`) when `DriverHostActor.StopChild` removes a
   driver from the plan (#609), so a decommissioned instance's last state is not replayed to new subscribers.
   `StopChild` first releases the instance's resilience state (`IDriverCapabilityInvokerFactory.Release` →
-  pipeline-builder + `DriverResilienceStatusTracker.Invalidate`): `DriverResilienceStatusPublisherService`
+  pipeline-builder + `DriverResilienceStatusTracker.Retire`): `DriverResilienceStatusPublisherService`
   re-emits the whole tracker every 5 s, so evicting only the hub was undone within one tick (review R1 M1).
-  Residual: a Health emit already in flight from the stopping child can land after the eviction and
-  re-cache that one snapshot — a narrow race, not a recurring replay.
+  ⚠️ **Both releases HOLD the id, not just clear it.** `Context.Stop` is asynchronous, so the stopping child
+  can still finish a capability call it had in flight — observed: its `SubscribeBulk`, whose
+  `RecordCallStart`/`RecordSuccess`/`RecordCallComplete` ran after the release and re-created the tracker
+  entry, which the publisher then re-emitted every tick for the life of the process — and can still publish a
+  Health snapshot. So the tracker ignores every `Record*` for a retired id, and the hub drops every later
+  Health/Resilience item for an evicted id (neither cached nor fanned out), until the same id is spawned
+  again: `IDriverCapabilityInvokerFactory.Create` reinstates it in the tracker and `SpawnChild` calls
+  `ITelemetryLocalHub.Readmit`. Residual: a late write from the *old* child that lands after a re-add of the
+  same id is indistinguishable from the new child's and is kept — the same window a respawn always had.
 - **Connection indicator** — the `/alerts` and `/script-log` live/disconnected pill is driven by
   **aggregate** stream health across all dialers: connected when **at least one** node stream is
   up, disconnected when all are down. This matches today's DPS `SubscribeAck`/`PostStop` pill
diff --git a/src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/Resilience/DriverCapabilityInvokerFactory.cs b/src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/Resilience/DriverCapabilityInvokerFactory.cs
index 44ffb21b..7634ed2c 100644
--- a/src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/Resilience/DriverCapabilityInvokerFactory.cs
+++ b/src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/Resilience/DriverCapabilityInvokerFactory.cs
@@ -80,6 +80,9 @@ public sealed class DriverCapabilityInvokerFactory : IDriverCapabilityInvokerFac
         // The tracker's snapshots describe the breakers inside the pipelines just discarded, so they go
         // too — a retained "Breaker OPEN" from a pre-respawn outage could never self-correct (only the
         // discarded pipeline's OnClosed stamps the close) and would show a false OPEN chip forever.
+        // Reinstate first: an instance id removed by an earlier deployment (Release ⇒ Retire) and now re-added
+        // must record again (#609).
+        _statusTracker.Reinstate(driverInstanceId);
         _statusTracker.Invalidate(driverInstanceId);
 
         return new CapabilityInvoker(
@@ -96,10 +99,15 @@ public sealed class DriverCapabilityInvokerFactory : IDriverCapabilityInvokerFac
     ///     #609: without this the tracker kept a removed instance's snapshots forever (only <see cref="Create"/>
     ///     invalidated, and a removed instance is never re-created), and the resilience publisher re-emitted
     ///     them every tick — undoing the host's telemetry-hub eviction within one interval.
+    ///     <para>The tracker <b>retires</b> the instance rather than merely invalidating it: the host stops the
+    ///     child asynchronously, so a capability call it still had in flight completes through the released
+    ///     invoker afterwards, and its call-start/success/complete writes re-created the entry (observed: the
+    ///     child's in-flight SubscribeBulk). A retired id ignores those writes until a later <see cref="Create"/>
+    ///     for the same id reinstates it.</para>
     /// </remarks>
     public void Release(string driverInstanceId)
     {
         _builder.Invalidate(driverInstanceId);
-        _statusTracker.Invalidate(driverInstanceId);
+        _statusTracker.Retire(driverInstanceId);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/Resilience/DriverResilienceStatusTracker.cs b/src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/Resilience/DriverResilienceStatusTracker.cs
index eb1296f7..050cd3b2 100644
--- a/src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/Resilience/DriverResilienceStatusTracker.cs
+++ b/src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/Resilience/DriverResilienceStatusTracker.cs
@@ -22,14 +22,38 @@ public sealed class DriverResilienceStatusTracker
 {
     private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<StatusKey, ResilienceStatusSnapshot> _status = new();
 
+    // Instances retired by Retire (removed from the deployed plan) and not since Reinstated (#609). Every
+    // Record* for one of these is ignored: the removed instance's child stops ASYNCHRONOUSLY, so a capability
+    // call it still had in flight completes through its invoker after the host's release and would otherwise
+    // re-create the entry — which the resilience publisher then re-emits every tick, forever. One entry per
+    // distinct removed id, so the set stays as small as the driver churn that fills it.
+    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, byte> _retired = new(StringComparer.Ordinal);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     The single write path for every <c>Record*</c>. A write for a retired instance is dropped; the
+    ///     post-write re-check closes the race with a concurrent <see cref="Retire"/> — a writer that passed the
+    ///     first check just before the retire and lands its upsert just after the retire's sweep removes its own
+    ///     write again, so no interleaving resurrects the instance.
+    /// </summary>
+    private void Upsert(
+        string driverInstanceId,
+        string hostName,
+        Func<StatusKey, ResilienceStatusSnapshot> add,
+        Func<StatusKey, ResilienceStatusSnapshot, ResilienceStatusSnapshot> update)
+    {
+        if (_retired.ContainsKey(driverInstanceId)) return;
+        var key = new StatusKey(driverInstanceId, hostName);
+        _status.AddOrUpdate(key, add, update);
+        if (_retired.ContainsKey(driverInstanceId)) _status.TryRemove(key, out _);
+    }
+
     /// <summary>Record a Polly pipeline failure for <paramref name="hostName"/>.</summary>
     /// <param name="driverInstanceId">The driver instance identifier.</param>
     /// <param name="hostName">The host name.</param>
     /// <param name="utcNow">The UTC timestamp of the failure event.</param>
     public void RecordFailure(string driverInstanceId, string hostName, DateTime utcNow)
     {
-        var key = new StatusKey(driverInstanceId, hostName);
-        _status.AddOrUpdate(key,
+        Upsert(driverInstanceId, hostName,
             _ => new ResilienceStatusSnapshot { ConsecutiveFailures = 1, LastSampledUtc = utcNow },
             (_, existing) => existing with
             {
@@ -44,8 +68,7 @@ public sealed class DriverResilienceStatusTracker
     /// <param name="utcNow">The UTC timestamp of the success event.</param>
     public void RecordSuccess(string driverInstanceId, string hostName, DateTime utcNow)
     {
-        var key = new StatusKey(driverInstanceId, hostName);
-        _status.AddOrUpdate(key,
+        Upsert(driverInstanceId, hostName,
             _ => new ResilienceStatusSnapshot { ConsecutiveFailures = 0, LastSampledUtc = utcNow },
             (_, existing) => existing with
             {
@@ -60,8 +83,7 @@ public sealed class DriverResilienceStatusTracker
     /// <param name="utcNow">The UTC timestamp of the breaker open event.</param>
     public void RecordBreakerOpen(string driverInstanceId, string hostName, DateTime utcNow)
     {
-        var key = new StatusKey(driverInstanceId, hostName);
-        _status.AddOrUpdate(key,
+        Upsert(driverInstanceId, hostName,
             _ => new ResilienceStatusSnapshot { LastBreakerOpenUtc = utcNow, LastSampledUtc = utcNow },
             (_, existing) => existing with { LastBreakerOpenUtc = utcNow, LastSampledUtc = utcNow });
     }
@@ -77,8 +99,7 @@ public sealed class DriverResilienceStatusTracker
     /// <param name="utcNow">The UTC timestamp of the breaker close event.</param>
     public void RecordBreakerClose(string driverInstanceId, string hostName, DateTime utcNow)
     {
-        var key = new StatusKey(driverInstanceId, hostName);
-        _status.AddOrUpdate(key,
+        Upsert(driverInstanceId, hostName,
             _ => new ResilienceStatusSnapshot { LastBreakerClosedUtc = utcNow, LastSampledUtc = utcNow },
             (_, existing) => existing with { LastBreakerClosedUtc = utcNow, LastSampledUtc = utcNow });
     }
@@ -104,14 +125,39 @@ public sealed class DriverResilienceStatusTracker
         return removed;
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Drop every snapshot for a driver instance that has been REMOVED from the deployed plan, and ignore
+    ///     every later write for it until <see cref="Reinstate"/> (#609). Called by
+    ///     <c>DriverCapabilityInvokerFactory.Release</c>. Unlike <see cref="Invalidate"/> (a respawn, whose new
+    ///     invoker records straight away), the removed instance's child is still stopping — a call it had in
+    ///     flight finishes after this returns, and without the hold its RecordCallStart / RecordSuccess /
+    ///     RecordCallComplete re-create the entry the publisher then re-emits forever.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="driverInstanceId">The removed driver instance.</param>
+    /// <returns>The number of snapshots removed.</returns>
+    public int Retire(string driverInstanceId)
+    {
+        // Retire BEFORE sweeping: a write racing the sweep either lands first (and is swept) or re-checks after
+        // its upsert and removes itself (see Upsert).
+        _retired[driverInstanceId] = 0;
+        return Invalidate(driverInstanceId);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Lift an earlier <see cref="Retire"/> so the instance records again — the same driver instance id
+    ///     re-added in a later deployment. Called by <c>DriverCapabilityInvokerFactory.Create</c>; a no-op for
+    ///     an id that was never retired.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="driverInstanceId">The driver instance being (re)created.</param>
+    public void Reinstate(string driverInstanceId) => _retired.TryRemove(driverInstanceId, out _);
+
     /// <summary>Record a process recycle event (Tier C only).</summary>
     /// <param name="driverInstanceId">The driver instance identifier.</param>
     /// <param name="hostName">The host name.</param>
     /// <param name="utcNow">The UTC timestamp of the recycle event.</param>
     public void RecordRecycle(string driverInstanceId, string hostName, DateTime utcNow)
     {
-        var key = new StatusKey(driverInstanceId, hostName);
-        _status.AddOrUpdate(key,
+        Upsert(driverInstanceId, hostName,
             _ => new ResilienceStatusSnapshot { LastRecycleUtc = utcNow, LastSampledUtc = utcNow },
             (_, existing) => existing with { LastRecycleUtc = utcNow, LastSampledUtc = utcNow });
     }
@@ -124,8 +170,7 @@ public sealed class DriverResilienceStatusTracker
     /// <param name="utcNow">The UTC timestamp of the footprint update.</param>
     public void RecordFootprint(string driverInstanceId, string hostName, long baselineBytes, long currentBytes, DateTime utcNow)
     {
-        var key = new StatusKey(driverInstanceId, hostName);
-        _status.AddOrUpdate(key,
+        Upsert(driverInstanceId, hostName,
             _ => new ResilienceStatusSnapshot
             {
                 BaselineFootprintBytes = baselineBytes,
@@ -150,8 +195,7 @@ public sealed class DriverResilienceStatusTracker
     /// <param name="hostName">The host name.</param>
     public void RecordCallStart(string driverInstanceId, string hostName)
     {
-        var key = new StatusKey(driverInstanceId, hostName);
-        _status.AddOrUpdate(key,
+        Upsert(driverInstanceId, hostName,
             _ => new ResilienceStatusSnapshot { CurrentInFlight = 1 },
             (_, existing) => existing with { CurrentInFlight = existing.CurrentInFlight + 1 });
     }
@@ -161,8 +205,7 @@ public sealed class DriverResilienceStatusTracker
     /// <param name="hostName">The host name.</param>
     public void RecordCallComplete(string driverInstanceId, string hostName)
     {
-        var key = new StatusKey(driverInstanceId, hostName);
-        _status.AddOrUpdate(key,
+        Upsert(driverInstanceId, hostName,
             _ => new ResilienceStatusSnapshot { CurrentInFlight = 0 }, // start-without-complete shouldn't happen; clamp to 0
             (_, existing) => existing with { CurrentInFlight = Math.Max(0, existing.CurrentInFlight - 1) });
     }
diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Drivers/DriverHostActor.cs b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Drivers/DriverHostActor.cs
index 33ed440a..d3e974e0 100644
--- a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Drivers/DriverHostActor.cs
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Drivers/DriverHostActor.cs
@@ -3198,6 +3198,10 @@ public sealed class DriverHostActor : ReceiveActor, IWithTimers, IWithUnboundedS
 
     private void SpawnChild(DriverInstanceSpec spec)
     {
+        // #609: an instance id removed by an earlier deployment (StopChild ⇒ Evict, which also holds back late
+        // items) may come back; lift the hold BEFORE the child exists, since it publishes health as it starts.
+        // The resilience tracker's equivalent is lifted by _invokerFactory.Create below.
+        _telemetryHub?.Readmit(spec.DriverInstanceId);
         var stub = DriverInstanceActor.ShouldStub(spec.DriverType, _localRoles);
         IDriver? driver = null;
         if (!stub)
@@ -3388,7 +3392,10 @@ public sealed class DriverHostActor : ReceiveActor, IWithTimers, IWithUnboundedS
         // #609: the instance left the plan (StopChild is only reached via plan.ToStop), so its cached
         // Health/Resilience snapshots must not replay to new telemetry subscribers. Release the shared
         // resilience state FIRST: the resilience publisher re-emits the tracker's snapshots every tick, so
-        // evicting the hub alone was undone within one interval.
+        // evicting the hub alone was undone within one interval. Context.Stop is asynchronous, so the child can
+        // still finish an in-flight capability call (observed: its SubscribeBulk) and publish health AFTER these
+        // two calls; both therefore HOLD the id — late writes are dropped — until a later SpawnChild of the same
+        // id lifts it (the tracker via _invokerFactory.Create, the hub via Readmit).
         _invokerFactory.Release(driverInstanceId);
         _telemetryHub?.Evict(driverInstanceId);
         _log.Info("DriverHost {Node}: stopped driver child {Id}", _localNode, driverInstanceId);
diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Telemetry/ITelemetryLocalHub.cs b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Telemetry/ITelemetryLocalHub.cs
index d2af09db..c6f559a3 100644
--- a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Telemetry/ITelemetryLocalHub.cs
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Telemetry/ITelemetryLocalHub.cs
@@ -89,6 +89,16 @@ public interface ITelemetryLocalHub
     ///     Drops the cached Health and Resilience snapshots of a driver instance that has been removed from
     ///     this node, so a later <see cref="Subscribe"/> no longer replays its last-known state. Live
     ///     subscribers are not told; the instance simply stops emitting. Unknown ids are a no-op.
+    ///     <para>The eviction also <b>holds</b> (#609): a removed instance's child stops asynchronously and can
+    ///     still publish after this call (a health snapshot when an in-flight connect or subscribe finishes),
+    ///     so until <see cref="Readmit"/> every later Health/Resilience item for the instance is dropped — not
+    ///     cached and not fanned out.</para>
     /// </summary>
     void Evict(string driverInstanceId);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Lifts an earlier <see cref="Evict"/> so a driver instance spawned again under the same id (a later
+    ///     deployment re-adding it) publishes normally. A no-op for an id that was never evicted.
+    /// </summary>
+    void Readmit(string driverInstanceId) { }
 }
diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Telemetry/TelemetryLocalHub.cs b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Telemetry/TelemetryLocalHub.cs
index 8d8fb40b..e1a8d7ee 100644
--- a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Telemetry/TelemetryLocalHub.cs
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Telemetry/TelemetryLocalHub.cs
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ public sealed class TelemetryLocalHub : ITelemetryLocalHub
     private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, TelemetryItem.Health> _healthCache = new();
     private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<(string InstanceId, string HostName), TelemetryItem.Resilience> _resilienceCache = new();
 
+    // Instances evicted and not since readmitted (#609). Their late Health/Resilience items are dropped, so a
+    // removed driver's still-stopping child cannot re-prime the cache it was just evicted from. Under _gate.
+    private readonly HashSet<string> _evicted = new(StringComparer.Ordinal);
+
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public void Emit(TelemetryItem item)
     {
@@ -51,6 +55,10 @@ public sealed class TelemetryLocalHub : ITelemetryLocalHub
         {
             switch (item)
             {
+                case TelemetryItem.Health h when _evicted.Contains(h.E.DriverInstanceId):
+                    return;
+                case TelemetryItem.Resilience r when _evicted.Contains(r.E.DriverInstanceId):
+                    return;
                 case TelemetryItem.Health h:
                     _healthCache[h.E.DriverInstanceId] = h;
                     break;
@@ -72,6 +80,7 @@ public sealed class TelemetryLocalHub : ITelemetryLocalHub
 
         lock (_gate)
         {
+            _evicted.Add(driverInstanceId);
             _healthCache.TryRemove(driverInstanceId, out _);
             foreach (var key in _resilienceCache.Keys)
                 if (string.Equals(key.InstanceId, driverInstanceId, StringComparison.Ordinal))
@@ -79,6 +88,15 @@ public sealed class TelemetryLocalHub : ITelemetryLocalHub
         }
     }
 
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public void Readmit(string driverInstanceId)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(driverInstanceId);
+
+        lock (_gate)
+            _evicted.Remove(driverInstanceId);
+    }
+
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public ITelemetrySubscription Subscribe(int boundedCapacity)
     {
diff --git a/tests/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Tests/Resilience/DriverCapabilityInvokerFactoryTests.cs b/tests/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Tests/Resilience/DriverCapabilityInvokerFactoryTests.cs
index f4246677..13b7019b 100644
--- a/tests/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Tests/Resilience/DriverCapabilityInvokerFactoryTests.cs
+++ b/tests/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Tests/Resilience/DriverCapabilityInvokerFactoryTests.cs
@@ -45,6 +45,47 @@ public sealed class DriverCapabilityInvokerFactoryTests
         tracker.TryGet("d2", "d2")!.IsBreakerOpen.ShouldBeTrue("other instances must be untouched");
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     #609 — a call the removed instance still had in flight finishes through its (now released) invoker
+    ///     AFTER <c>Release</c>; its RecordCallStart/RecordSuccess/RecordCallComplete must not re-create the
+    ///     tracker entry, or the resilience publisher re-emits the removed driver on every tick. The neighbour's
+    ///     call through its own invoker is the positive control — the same path still records.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task A_call_through_a_released_invoker_records_nothing()
+    {
+        var tracker = new DriverResilienceStatusTracker();
+        var factory = new DriverCapabilityInvokerFactory(
+            new DriverResiliencePipelineBuilder(statusTracker: tracker), tracker, _ => DriverTier.A);
+        var released = factory.Create("gone", "Modbus");
+        var live = factory.Create("live", "Modbus");
+
+        factory.Release("gone");
+        await released.ExecuteAsync(DriverCapability.Subscribe, "gone", _ => ValueTask.FromResult(1), CancellationToken.None);
+        await live.ExecuteAsync(DriverCapability.Subscribe, "live", _ => ValueTask.FromResult(1), CancellationToken.None);
+
+        tracker.Snapshot().Select(e => e.DriverInstanceId).ShouldBe(new[] { "live" });
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     #609 — re-adding the same instance id in a later deployment (a fresh <c>Create</c> after
+    ///     <c>Release</c>) records again: the release must not outlive the removal.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Create_after_Release_records_again_for_the_same_instance()
+    {
+        var tracker = new DriverResilienceStatusTracker();
+        var factory = new DriverCapabilityInvokerFactory(
+            new DriverResiliencePipelineBuilder(statusTracker: tracker), tracker, _ => DriverTier.A);
+        factory.Create("d1", "Modbus");
+        factory.Release("d1");
+
+        var readded = factory.Create("d1", "Modbus");
+        await readded.ExecuteAsync(DriverCapability.Subscribe, "d1", _ => ValueTask.FromResult(1), CancellationToken.None);
+
+        tracker.TryGet("d1", "d1").ShouldNotBeNull();
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     ///     End-to-end proof the per-instance override REACHES execution: a ResilienceConfig that sets
     ///     Read's retryCount to 0 must suppress the tier-A Read retry — a failing Read is attempted once,
diff --git a/tests/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Tests/Resilience/DriverResilienceStatusTrackerTests.cs b/tests/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Tests/Resilience/DriverResilienceStatusTrackerTests.cs
index ba901a7e..5a53e905 100644
--- a/tests/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Tests/Resilience/DriverResilienceStatusTrackerTests.cs
+++ b/tests/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Tests/Resilience/DriverResilienceStatusTrackerTests.cs
@@ -172,4 +172,81 @@ public sealed class DriverResilienceStatusTrackerTests
 
         tracker.TryGet("drv", "host")!.ConsecutiveFailures.ShouldBe(500);
     }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     #609 — <c>Retire</c> (a removed instance) drops the instance's snapshots AND ignores every write
+    ///     that arrives after it. A removed driver's child stops asynchronously, so a capability call it still
+    ///     had in flight finishes through its invoker after the host released it; each of those writes used to
+    ///     re-create the entry, and the resilience publisher re-emitted the removed driver every tick, forever.
+    ///     The neighbour is the positive control: the same writes against a live instance still land.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void Retire_drops_the_instance_and_ignores_every_late_write_for_it()
+    {
+        var tracker = new DriverResilienceStatusTracker();
+        tracker.RecordBreakerOpen("gone", "host-a", Now);
+        tracker.RecordFailure("gone", "host-b", Now);
+
+        tracker.Retire("gone").ShouldBe(2);
+
+        foreach (var id in new[] { "gone", "live" })
+        {
+            tracker.RecordCallStart(id, "host-a");
+            tracker.RecordSuccess(id, "host-a", Now);
+            tracker.RecordCallComplete(id, "host-a");
+            tracker.RecordFailure(id, "host-a", Now);
+            tracker.RecordBreakerOpen(id, "host-a", Now);
+            tracker.RecordBreakerClose(id, "host-a", Now);
+            tracker.RecordRecycle(id, "host-a", Now);
+            tracker.RecordFootprint(id, "host-a", 1, 2, Now);
+        }
+
+        tracker.Snapshot().Select(e => e.DriverInstanceId).ShouldBe(new[] { "live" });
+        tracker.TryGet("gone", "host-a").ShouldBeNull();
+        tracker.TryGet("gone", "host-b").ShouldBeNull();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     #609 — a retired id is not retired forever: the same instance id re-added in a later deployment is
+    ///     <c>Reinstate</c>d (by the invoker factory's <c>Create</c>) and records again.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void Reinstate_lets_a_retired_instance_record_again()
+    {
+        var tracker = new DriverResilienceStatusTracker();
+        tracker.Retire("drv");
+        tracker.RecordFailure("drv", "host", Now);
+        tracker.TryGet("drv", "host").ShouldBeNull(); // control: still retired
+
+        tracker.Reinstate("drv");
+        tracker.RecordFailure("drv", "host", Now);
+
+        tracker.TryGet("drv", "host")!.ConsecutiveFailures.ShouldBe(1);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     #609 — a write racing <c>Retire</c> never survives it. Writers hammer the instance while it is
+    ///     retired; whatever interleaving occurs, nothing is left once both sides finish.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task A_write_racing_Retire_never_resurrects_the_instance()
+    {
+        for (var round = 0; round < 50; round++)
+        {
+            var tracker = new DriverResilienceStatusTracker();
+            tracker.RecordFailure("drv", "host", Now);
+            using var go = new ManualResetEventSlim();
+            var writers = Enumerable.Range(0, 4).Select(_ => Task.Run(() =>
+            {
+                go.Wait();
+                for (var i = 0; i < 200; i++) tracker.RecordFailure("drv", "host", Now);
+            }, TestContext.Current.CancellationToken)).ToArray();
+
+            go.Set();
+            tracker.Retire("drv");
+            await Task.WhenAll(writers);
+
+            tracker.TryGet("drv", "host").ShouldBeNull($"round {round}");
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/Drivers/DriverHostActorUnreadableArtifactTests.cs b/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/Drivers/DriverHostActorUnreadableArtifactTests.cs
index ee918813..c8d16e32 100644
--- a/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/Drivers/DriverHostActorUnreadableArtifactTests.cs
+++ b/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/Drivers/DriverHostActorUnreadableArtifactTests.cs
@@ -243,10 +243,15 @@ public sealed class DriverHostActorUnreadableArtifactTests : RuntimeActorTestBas
         var factory = new SubscribingDriverFactory("Modbus");
         var hub = new ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Telemetry.TelemetryLocalHub();
         var tracker = new ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Resilience.DriverResilienceStatusTracker();
-        var invokerFactory = new ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Resilience.DriverCapabilityInvokerFactory(
-            new ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Resilience.DriverResiliencePipelineBuilder(statusTracker: tracker),
-            tracker,
-            _ => ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Abstractions.DriverTier.A);
+        // The child's subscribe is HELD across the removal so the tracker writes its capability invoker makes
+        // around it land AFTER StopChild's Release — the late writer that resurrected the entry (#609). Without
+        // the gate this test only failed when the child's in-flight SubscribeBulk happened to finish between the
+        // removal and the second tick (~4/6 runs); the gate forces that interleaving on every run.
+        var invokerFactory = new GatedSubscribeInvokerFactory(
+            new ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Resilience.DriverCapabilityInvokerFactory(
+                new ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Resilience.DriverResiliencePipelineBuilder(statusTracker: tracker),
+                tracker,
+                _ => ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Abstractions.DriverTier.A));
         var coordinator = CreateTestProbe();
         var actor = Sys.ActorOf(DriverHostActor.Props(
             db, TestNode, coordinator.Ref,
@@ -257,6 +262,7 @@ public sealed class DriverHostActorUnreadableArtifactTests : RuntimeActorTestBas
 
         actor.Tell(new DispatchDeployment(SeedV3Deployment(db, RevA), RevA, CorrelationId.NewId()));
         coordinator.ExpectMsg<ApplyAck>(Timeout).Outcome.ShouldBe(ApplyAckOutcome.Applied);
+        invokerFactory.SubscribeEntered.Wait(Timeout).ShouldBeTrue("the child never reached its subscribe");
 
         // Resilience counters for the running driver and for an instance this host does not own.
         tracker.RecordBreakerOpen("drv-1", "dev1", DateTime.UtcNow);
@@ -270,31 +276,141 @@ public sealed class DriverHostActorUnreadableArtifactTests : RuntimeActorTestBas
             () => AskDiagnostics(actor).Drivers.Select(d => d.Name).ShouldNotContain("drv-1"),
             duration: Timeout);
 
-        // The publisher's next tick, after the removal.
+        // Let the removed child's held subscribe run to completion through the REAL invoker (RecordCallStart /
+        // RecordSuccess / RecordCallComplete). Positive control: the late write has demonstrably happened before
+        // the tick below, so the absence asserted after it is not "nothing has arrived yet".
+        invokerFactory.OpenGate();
+        invokerFactory.SubscribeCompleted.Wait(Timeout).ShouldBeTrue("the held subscribe never completed");
+
+        // The publisher's next tick, after the removal AND after the late writer.
         PublisherTick(tracker, hub);
 
         var replayed = ReplayedResilienceIds(hub);
         replayed.ShouldNotContain("drv-1");
         replayed.ShouldContain("neighbour-drv");
+    }
 
-        static void PublisherTick(
-            ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Resilience.DriverResilienceStatusTracker t,
-            ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Telemetry.TelemetryLocalHub h)
-        {
-            var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
-            foreach (var e in t.Snapshot())
-                h.Emit(new ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Telemetry.TelemetryItem.Resilience(new(
-                    e.DriverInstanceId, e.HostName, e.Snapshot.IsBreakerOpen, e.Snapshot.ConsecutiveFailures,
-                    e.Snapshot.CurrentInFlight, e.Snapshot.LastBreakerOpenUtc, e.Snapshot.LastSampledUtc, now)));
-        }
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     #609 — the release a removal makes must not outlive the removal: when the SAME instance id comes back
+    ///     in a later deployment, its fresh invoker records resilience state again (the tracker un-retires the id
+    ///     on <c>Create</c>).
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void A_driver_instance_re_added_after_removal_records_resilience_state_again()
+    {
+        var db = NewInMemoryDbFactory();
+        var factory = new SubscribingDriverFactory("Modbus");
+        var tracker = new ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Resilience.DriverResilienceStatusTracker();
+        var invokerFactory = new ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Resilience.DriverCapabilityInvokerFactory(
+            new ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Resilience.DriverResiliencePipelineBuilder(statusTracker: tracker),
+            tracker,
+            _ => ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Abstractions.DriverTier.A);
+        var coordinator = CreateTestProbe();
+        var actor = Sys.ActorOf(DriverHostActor.Props(
+            db, TestNode, coordinator.Ref,
+            driverFactory: factory,
+            localRoles: new HashSet<string> { "driver" },
+            invokerFactory: invokerFactory,
+            telemetryHub: new ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Telemetry.TelemetryLocalHub()));
 
-        static List<string> ReplayedResilienceIds(ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Telemetry.TelemetryLocalHub h)
+        actor.Tell(new DispatchDeployment(SeedV3Deployment(db, RevA), RevA, CorrelationId.NewId()));
+        coordinator.ExpectMsg<ApplyAck>(Timeout).Outcome.ShouldBe(ApplyAckOutcome.Applied);
+        actor.Tell(new DispatchDeployment(SeedDriverlessDeployment(db, RevB), RevB, CorrelationId.NewId()));
+        coordinator.ExpectMsg<ApplyAck>(Timeout).Outcome.ShouldBe(ApplyAckOutcome.Applied);
+        AwaitAssert(
+            () => AskDiagnostics(actor).Drivers.Select(d => d.Name).ShouldNotContain("drv-1"),
+            duration: Timeout);
+
+        var revC = RevisionHash.Parse(new string('c', 64));
+        actor.Tell(new DispatchDeployment(SeedV3Deployment(db, revC), revC, CorrelationId.NewId()));
+        coordinator.ExpectMsg<ApplyAck>(Timeout).Outcome.ShouldBe(ApplyAckOutcome.Applied);
+        AwaitAssert(
+            () => AskDiagnostics(actor).Drivers.Select(d => d.Name).ShouldContain("drv-1"),
+            duration: Timeout);
+
+        // An explicit counter for the re-added instance is retained, not swallowed as a late write.
+        tracker.RecordBreakerOpen("drv-1", "dev1", DateTime.UtcNow);
+        tracker.TryGet("drv-1", "dev1").ShouldNotBeNull().IsBreakerOpen.ShouldBeTrue();
+    }
+
+    private static void PublisherTick(
+        ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Resilience.DriverResilienceStatusTracker t,
+        ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Telemetry.TelemetryLocalHub h)
+    {
+        var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        foreach (var e in t.Snapshot())
+            h.Emit(new ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Telemetry.TelemetryItem.Resilience(new(
+                e.DriverInstanceId, e.HostName, e.Snapshot.IsBreakerOpen, e.Snapshot.ConsecutiveFailures,
+                e.Snapshot.CurrentInFlight, e.Snapshot.LastBreakerOpenUtc, e.Snapshot.LastSampledUtc, now)));
+    }
+
+    private static List<string> ReplayedResilienceIds(ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Telemetry.TelemetryLocalHub h)
+    {
+        using var sub = h.Subscribe(64);
+        var ids = new List<string>();
+        while (sub.Reader.TryRead(out var i))
+            if (i is ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Telemetry.TelemetryItem.Resilience r) ids.Add(r.E.DriverInstanceId);
+        return ids;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Wraps a real invoker factory so every <see cref="DriverCapability.Subscribe"/> call is HELD before it
+    ///     reaches the real invoker until <see cref="OpenGate"/> — forcing a removed child's subscribe (and the
+    ///     tracker writes the real invoker makes around it) to run after the host's Release. Every other call
+    ///     passes straight through.
+    /// </summary>
+    private sealed class GatedSubscribeInvokerFactory(IDriverCapabilityInvokerFactory inner) : IDriverCapabilityInvokerFactory
+    {
+        private readonly TaskCompletionSource _gate = new(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);
+
+        /// <summary>Set once a subscribe has reached the gate.</summary>
+        public ManualResetEventSlim SubscribeEntered { get; } = new();
+
+        /// <summary>Set once a held subscribe has returned from the REAL invoker, i.e. its tracker writes are done.</summary>
+        public ManualResetEventSlim SubscribeCompleted { get; } = new();
+
+        public void OpenGate() => _gate.TrySetResult();
+
+        public IDriverCapabilityInvoker Create(string driverInstanceId, string driverType, string? resilienceConfigJson = null) =>
+            new Gated(this, inner.Create(driverInstanceId, driverType, resilienceConfigJson));
+
+        public void Release(string driverInstanceId) => inner.Release(driverInstanceId);
+
+        private sealed class Gated(GatedSubscribeInvokerFactory owner, IDriverCapabilityInvoker real) : IDriverCapabilityInvoker
         {
-            using var sub = h.Subscribe(64);
-            var ids = new List<string>();
-            while (sub.Reader.TryRead(out var i))
-                if (i is ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Telemetry.TelemetryItem.Resilience r) ids.Add(r.E.DriverInstanceId);
-            return ids;
+            public async ValueTask<TResult> ExecuteAsync<TResult>(
+                DriverCapability capability, string hostName,
+                Func<CancellationToken, ValueTask<TResult>> callSite, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+            {
+                if (capability != DriverCapability.Subscribe)
+                    return await real.ExecuteAsync(capability, hostName, callSite, cancellationToken);
+
+                // The gate sits INSIDE the call site, i.e. inside the real invoker's RecordCallStart … RecordSuccess /
+                // RecordCallComplete bracket, and every await here is ConfigureAwait(false): the real invoker resumes
+                // off the actor's context too, so its closing writes run on the pool after the child has stopped —
+                // exactly the production shape. (Gating in front of the real invoker on the actor's context does
+                // not work: Akka drops a stopped actor's pending continuations, so nothing late ever runs.)
+                try
+                {
+                    return await real.ExecuteAsync(capability, hostName, async ct =>
+                    {
+                        owner.SubscribeEntered.Set();
+                        await owner._gate.Task.ConfigureAwait(false);
+                        return await callSite(CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                    }, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                }
+                finally { owner.SubscribeCompleted.Set(); }
+            }
+
+            public ValueTask ExecuteAsync(
+                DriverCapability capability, string hostName,
+                Func<CancellationToken, ValueTask> callSite, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+                real.ExecuteAsync(capability, hostName, callSite, cancellationToken);
+
+            public ValueTask<TResult> ExecuteWriteAsync<TResult>(
+                string hostName, bool isIdempotent,
+                Func<CancellationToken, ValueTask<TResult>> callSite, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+                real.ExecuteWriteAsync(hostName, isIdempotent, callSite, cancellationToken);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/Telemetry/TelemetryLocalHubTests.cs b/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/Telemetry/TelemetryLocalHubTests.cs
index 86141791..e2d5ac24 100644
--- a/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/Telemetry/TelemetryLocalHubTests.cs
+++ b/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/Telemetry/TelemetryLocalHubTests.cs
@@ -58,6 +58,55 @@ public sealed class TelemetryLocalHubTests
         items.OfType<TelemetryItem.Resilience>().Single().E.DriverInstanceId.ShouldBe("drv-b");
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     #609 — the host evicts a removed instance while its child is still stopping, and that child can
+    ///     still publish (e.g. a health snapshot when an in-flight connect/subscribe completes). A snapshot for
+    ///     an evicted instance must not re-prime the cache — nor reach live subscribers, where it would
+    ///     re-populate central's view of a driver that no longer exists. A neighbour emitted at the same time is
+    ///     the positive control.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void A_late_snapshot_for_an_evicted_instance_is_neither_cached_nor_delivered()
+    {
+        var hub = new TelemetryLocalHub();
+        hub.Emit(new TelemetryItem.Health(Health("drv-a")));
+        hub.Evict("drv-a");
+        using var live = hub.Subscribe(boundedCapacity: 16);
+
+        hub.Emit(new TelemetryItem.Health(Health("drv-a")));
+        hub.Emit(new TelemetryItem.Resilience(Resilience("drv-a", "host-1")));
+        hub.Emit(new TelemetryItem.Health(Health("drv-b")));
+
+        Drain(live).Select(Id).ShouldBe(new[] { "drv-b" });
+        using var primed = hub.Subscribe(boundedCapacity: 16);
+        Drain(primed).Select(Id).ShouldBe(new[] { "drv-b" });
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     #609 — eviction does not outlive the removal: the same instance id re-spawned in a later deployment
+    ///     is <c>Readmit</c>ted and its snapshots are cached again.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void Readmit_lets_an_evicted_instance_publish_again()
+    {
+        var hub = new TelemetryLocalHub();
+        hub.Evict("drv-a");
+        hub.Readmit("drv-a");
+
+        hub.Emit(new TelemetryItem.Health(Health("drv-a")));
+        hub.Emit(new TelemetryItem.Resilience(Resilience("drv-a", "host-1")));
+
+        using var sub = hub.Subscribe(boundedCapacity: 16);
+        Drain(sub).Select(Id).ShouldBe(new[] { "drv-a", "drv-a" });
+    }
+
+    private static string Id(TelemetryItem item) => item switch
+    {
+        TelemetryItem.Health h => h.E.DriverInstanceId,
+        TelemetryItem.Resilience r => r.E.DriverInstanceId,
+        _ => "<other>",
+    };
+
     [Fact]
     public void New_subscriber_is_primed_with_cached_Health_snapshot()
     {