fix(code-review): resolve Batch 2 open findings (AbCip, AbLegacy, Galaxy, FOCAS)

- Driver.AbCip.Contracts-001: parse 'writable' from TagConfig JSON (default true) instead of hardcoding
- Driver.AbCip.Contracts-002/-003: Dt type comment; drop dead [Display]/[Range] annotations
- Driver.AbCip.Contracts-004: dedicated AbCipEquipmentTagParser test class (+15)
- Driver.AbCip-017: document Tick severity Low-fallback on Bad severity read
- Driver.AbLegacy.Contracts-002/-003/-004: isArray-scalar remarks (+tests), MaxTagBytes/ForFamily docs
- Driver.Galaxy.Browser-003 + Driver.Galaxy.Contracts-003: extract ResolveApiKey -> GalaxySecretRef (dedup)
- Driver.Galaxy-019: cache buffered-interval only on Ok + ILogger warnings + ClassifyIntervalReply (+tests)
- Driver.FOCAS.Contracts-002: thread WriteIdempotent through DiscoverAsync (+test)

code-reviews/Driver.AbCip.Contracts/findings.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 | Review date | 2026-06-19 |
 | Commit reviewed | `a19b0f86` |
 | Status | Reviewed |
-| Open findings | 4 |
+| Open findings | 0 |
 
 ## Checklist coverage
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ a category produced nothing rather than leaving it blank.
 | Severity | Medium |
 | Category | Correctness & logic bugs |
 | Location | `src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbCip.Contracts/AbCipEquipmentTagParser.cs:42` |
-| Status | Open |
+| Status | Resolved |
 
 **Description:** `AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse` hard-codes `Writable: true` on every
 equipment-tag definition it produces, regardless of any `writable` field in the TagConfig JSON.
@@ -70,7 +70,14 @@ record's `Writable` parameter. (2) Either return `false` from `TryParse` when `d
 to `AbCipDataType.Structure` (equipment-tag flow cannot declare members), or add an explicit
 comment documenting the black-box dotted-path behaviour so the next reader understands the intent.
 
-**Resolution:** _(empty until closed)_
+**Resolution:** Resolved 2026-06-20 — (1) `TryParse` now reads the optional `"writable"` boolean
+field from the TagConfig JSON and threads it into `AbCipTagDefinition.Writable`, defaulting to
+`true` when the field is absent. The `<remarks>` on `TryParse` was updated to document this
+behaviour. (2) For the Structure concern, zero-behaviour-change option taken: an inline comment
+was added at the `dataType` parse site in `TryParse` documenting that a `Structure` dataType on an
+equipment tag is treated as a black-box dotted-path read (libplctag resolves the full path; the
+equipment-tag flow does not enumerate UDT members). New tests in `AbCipEquipmentTagParserTests`
+cover `writable:false`, `writable` absent, and the `Structure` path. Suite green (322 tests).
 
 ---
 
@@ -81,7 +88,7 @@ comment documenting the black-box dotted-path behaviour so the next reader under
 | Severity | Low |
 | Category | Correctness & logic bugs |
 | Location | `src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbCip.Contracts/AbCipDataType.cs:28` |
-| Status | Open |
+| Status | Resolved |
 
 **Description:** The inline comment on `AbCipDataType.Dt` reads:
 
@@ -114,7 +121,9 @@ Dt,     // Logix DATE (0xCD — 4-byte unsigned days since 1984-01-01) or DATE_A
 
 No behaviour change; documentation only.
 
-**Resolution:** _(empty until closed)_
+**Resolution:** Resolved 2026-06-20 — replaced the inaccurate single-line comment on `Dt` with a
+3-line comment describing both mapped CIP types (`0xCD` DATE / `0xCF` DT), the 4-byte read stride,
+and the truncation note for DATE_AND_TIME. Build green (0 errors, 0 warnings).
 
 ---
 
@@ -125,7 +134,7 @@ No behaviour change; documentation only.
 | Severity | Low |
 | Category | Code organization & conventions |
 | Location | `src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbCip.Contracts/AbCipDriverOptions.cs:84-85` |
-| Status | Open |
+| Status | Resolved |
 
 **Description:** `AbCipDriverOptions.ProbeTimeoutSeconds` carries `[Display]` and `[Range(1, 60)]`
 attributes from `System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations`. No other driver contracts project
@@ -144,7 +153,11 @@ If the intent is to document the valid range, an `<remarks>` tag (e.g. "Valid ra
 seconds; the AdminUI clamps to 60s server-side.") achieves the same goal without the attribute
 dependency.
 
-**Resolution:** _(empty until closed)_
+**Resolution:** Resolved 2026-06-20 — removed `[Display]` and `[Range(1, 60)]` from
+`ProbeTimeoutSeconds` and removed the `using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;` directive
+(confirmed it was used only by those two attributes). Added a `<remarks>` element reading
+"Valid range: 1–60 seconds; the AdminUI clamps to 60s server-side." to preserve the intent
+in documentation. Build green (0 errors, 0 warnings).
 
 ---
 
@@ -155,7 +168,7 @@ dependency.
 | Severity | Low |
 | Category | Testing coverage |
 | Location | `src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbCip.Contracts/AbCipEquipmentTagParser.cs` (entire file) |
-| Status | Open |
+| Status | Resolved |
 
 **Description:** The contracts module has no dedicated test project, and `AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse`
 is the module's only non-trivial logic. Its `ReadArrayShape` helper has four distinct outcome
@@ -175,7 +188,14 @@ is needed. Cover: valid scalar round-trip, 1-element array, N-element array, eac
 array-shape combination, non-JSON and non-object input, missing/blank `tagPath`, the Structure
 DataType path, and the `Writable` default.
 
-**Resolution:** _(empty until closed)_
+**Resolution:** Resolved 2026-06-20 — added `AbCipEquipmentTagParserTests.cs` to
+`tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbCip.Tests/` (15 tests). Covers: valid scalar
+round-trip; 1-element array (`isArray:true, arrayLength:1`); N-element array; `isArray:true +
+arrayLength:0` → scalar; `isArray:true + arrayLength absent` → scalar; non-JSON input → false;
+non-object JSON array → false; non-object JSON string → false; missing `tagPath` → false; blank
+`tagPath` → false; `tagPath` as number → false; `writable:false` honoured; `writable` absent
+defaults to `true`; `writable:true` explicit; `dataType:"Structure"` accepted with `Members:null`
+(documents current black-box behaviour). Suite green (322 tests).
 
 ---
 

code-reviews/Driver.AbCip/findings.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 | Review date | 2026-06-19 |
 | Commit reviewed | `7286d320` |
 | Status | Reviewed |
-| Open findings | 1 |
+| Open findings | 0 |
 
 ## Checklist coverage
 
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ flag and the legacy `ElementCount > 1` paths opt out). Full suite green (303 tes
 | Severity | Low |
 | Category | Documentation & comments |
 | Location | `AbCipAlarmProjection.cs:173-185` (`Tick`) |
-| Status | Open |
+| Status | Resolved |
 
 **Description:** `AbCipAlarmProjection.Tick` gates each node on the `InFaulted` snapshot's
 `StatusCode` (`if (inFaultedDv.StatusCode != Good) continue;`) but reads the `Severity`
@@ -357,6 +357,12 @@ severity read is Bad, or add an XML/inline comment on `Tick` stating that severi
 decision (what severity to surface when it is genuinely unknown) rather than a mechanical fix,
 and the impact is negligible given the single-batch read shape.
 
+**Resolution:** Resolved 2026-06-20 — added an inline comment on the `severity` read line in
+`Tick` documenting that `severityDv.StatusCode` is not checked, that a Bad Severity read yields
+`ToInt(null)=0` → `MapSeverity` buckets as Low, and that this is acceptable because InFaulted
+and Severity are members of the same ALMD UDT read in one batch (a Good InFaulted almost always
+implies a Good Severity). No behaviour change.
+
 ### Driver.AbCip-018
 
 | Field | Value |

code-reviews/Driver.AbLegacy.Contracts/findings.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 | Review date | 2026-06-19 |
 | Commit reviewed | `a19b0f86` |
 | Status | Reviewed |
-| Open findings | 3 |
+| Open findings | 0 |
 
 ## Checklist coverage
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ verified by build (no test project in this module).
 | Severity | Low |
 | Category | Documentation & comments |
 | Location | `src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbLegacy.Contracts/AbLegacyEquipmentTagParser.cs:15` |
-| Status | Open |
+| Status | Resolved |
 
 **Description:** `AbLegacyEquipmentTagParser.TryParse` has an undocumented edge case: when
 `isArray` is the JSON literal `true` but `arrayLength` is absent, zero, or negative,
@@ -85,7 +85,13 @@ without a valid positive `arrayLength` silently produces a scalar (null `ArrayLe
 Optionally add a unit test to `AbLegacyEquipmentTagTests` covering
 `isArray:true, arrayLength:0/absent -> null` for regression protection.
 
-**Resolution:** _(empty until closed)_
+**Resolution:** Resolved 2026-06-20. Added a `<remarks>` block to `TryParse` in
+`AbLegacyEquipmentTagParser.cs` documenting that `isArray:true` without a valid positive
+`arrayLength` silently produces a scalar (`ArrayLength` is `null`), referencing the
+in-source review C-2 rationale. Added three regression unit tests to
+`AbLegacyEquipmentTagTests`: `IsArray_true_with_arrayLength_zero_produces_scalar`,
+`IsArray_true_with_no_arrayLength_produces_scalar`, and
+`IsArray_true_with_negative_arrayLength_produces_scalar`. Suite: 199 passed, 0 failed.
 
 ---
 
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ Optionally add a unit test to `AbLegacyEquipmentTagTests` covering
 | Severity | Low |
 | Category | OtOpcUa conventions |
 | Location | `src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbLegacy.Contracts/AbLegacyPlcFamilyProfile.cs:10` |
-| Status | Open |
+| Status | Resolved |
 
 **Description:** `AbLegacyPlcFamilyProfile.MaxTagBytes` is a record constructor parameter
 populated with distinct values per family (240/232/240/240), but a global search finds zero
@@ -111,7 +117,11 @@ produce off-by-one sizing. If reserved for future clamping, the intent is undocu
 clamping and is not currently enforced, or (b) remove the field and its four initialisers
 in a dedicated cleanup PR (signature change is out of scope for this review).
 
-**Resolution:** _(empty until closed)_
+**Resolution:** Resolved 2026-06-20. Applied option (a): added XML doc on the `MaxTagBytes`
+constructor parameter in `AbLegacyPlcFamilyProfile.cs` noting it is reserved for future
+array-length clamping, is NOT currently enforced anywhere in the driver, and that the values
+are approximate PCCC packet payload caps (not libplctag fragment limits). Field and
+initialisers unchanged.
 
 ---
 
@@ -122,7 +132,7 @@ in a dedicated cleanup PR (signature change is out of scope for this review).
 | Severity | Low |
 | Category | Code organization & conventions |
 | Location | `src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbLegacy.Contracts/AbLegacyPlcFamilyProfile.cs:22` |
-| Status | Open |
+| Status | Resolved |
 
 **Description:** `AbLegacyPlcFamilyProfile.ForFamily` has a catch-all arm `_ => Slc500`
 that silently returns the SLC 500 profile for any unrecognised `AbLegacyPlcFamily` value
@@ -139,4 +149,8 @@ added), or (b) replace `_ => Slc500` with
 `_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(family), family, null)` and apply it
 in a cleanup PR. Semantic change -- defer.
 
-**Resolution:** _(empty until closed)_
+**Resolution:** Resolved 2026-06-20. Applied option (a): added a `<remarks>` block to the
+`ForFamily` XML doc in `AbLegacyPlcFamilyProfile.cs` documenting that any unrecognised
+`family` value silently returns the `Slc500` profile, and noting this is intentional for
+forward-compatibility with configs authored before a new family enum member is added. The
+switch body is unchanged.

code-reviews/Driver.FOCAS.Contracts/findings.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 | Review date | 2026-06-19 |
 | Commit reviewed | `7286d320` |
 | Status | Reviewed |
-| Open findings | 1 |
+| Open findings | 0 |
 
 ## Checklist coverage
 
@@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ a category produced nothing rather than leaving it blank.
 | Severity | Low |
 | Category | Design-document adherence |
 | Location | `src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.FOCAS.Contracts/FocasDriverOptions.cs:139-145` |
-| Status | Open |
+| Status | Resolved |
 
 **Description:** `FocasTagDefinition` carries a `WriteIdempotent` field (default `false`) that the FOCAS driver never reads anywhere — neither in `DiscoverAsync`, `ReadAsync`, nor `WriteAsync`. `DiscoverAsync` always passes `WriteIdempotent: false` to `DriverAttributeInfo` (hardcoded), so the field has no runtime effect. `docs/drivers/FOCAS.md` does not mention `WriteIdempotent` in its configuration tables, making its purpose undiscoverable to operators.
 
 **Recommendation:** Either (a) thread `FocasTagDefinition.WriteIdempotent` through to `DriverAttributeInfo` in `DiscoverAsync` so the field has runtime effect and matches the pattern of other drivers, or (b) remove it from the record and the `FocasDriverConfigDto` wire DTO. Option (a) is the safer fix and matches the design of Modbus and other drivers. This is deferred because the fix touches `FocasDriver.DiscoverAsync` outside this module and requires a driver-level test change.
 
-**Resolution:** _(empty until closed)_
+**Resolution:** Fixed (option a). In `FocasDriver.DiscoverAsync` the hardcoded `WriteIdempotent: false` was replaced with `tag.WriteIdempotent` so each user-authored tag's per-tag value is now threaded through to `DriverAttributeInfo`. The `<param name="WriteIdempotent">` doc on `FocasTagDefinition` was updated to state it is now threaded through `DiscoverAsync` to `DriverAttributeInfo`. A new test `DiscoverAsync_surfaces_WriteIdempotent_from_tag_definition` was added to `FocasDriverMediumFindingsTests` asserting both the `true` and `false` cases surface correctly. The full `Driver.FOCAS.Tests` suite (including `FocasPmcBitRmwTests` and `FocasReadWriteTests` write tests) passes.
 
 ---
 

code-reviews/Driver.Galaxy.Browser/findings.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 | Review date | 2026-06-19 |
 | Commit reviewed | `7286d320` |
 | Status | Reviewed |
-| Open findings | 1 |
+| Open findings | 0 |
 
 ## Checklist coverage
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ a category produced nothing rather than leaving it blank.
 | 5 | Security | No issues found |
 | 6 | Performance & resource management | No issues found |
 | 7 | Design-document adherence | No issues found |
-| 8 | Code organization & conventions | Driver.Galaxy.Browser-003 (Low): ResolveApiKey duplicated from GalaxyDriver with no sync mechanism |
+| 8 | Code organization & conventions | Driver.Galaxy.Browser-003 (Low, Resolved): ResolveApiKey duplicated from GalaxyDriver; extracted to `GalaxySecretRef` in Driver.Galaxy.Contracts |
 | 9 | Testing coverage | Driver.Galaxy.Browser-004 (Low): MapSecurityClass not unit-tested; pure static method with no gateway dependency |
 | 10 | Documentation & comments | No issues found |
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ mirroring the existing pattern for `_client.DisposeAsync()`. Regression test
 | Severity | Low |
 | Category | Code organization & conventions |
 | Location | `src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Browser/GalaxyDriverBrowser.cs:149` |
-| Status | Open |
+| Status | Resolved |
 
 **Description:** `GalaxyDriverBrowser.ResolveApiKey` is a verbatim copy of
 `GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey`. The comment acknowledges this and explains why the Browser
@@ -133,8 +133,17 @@ and emit a spurious warning.
 which both `Driver.Galaxy` and `Driver.Galaxy.Browser` already reference. This is a
 one-line addition to Contracts — no migration, no public-contract break.
 
-**Resolution:** _(deferred — requires a change in the Galaxy.Contracts project, outside
+**Resolution:** Resolved 2026-06-20 — closed by the same fix as the cross-referenced
-this module's boundary; tracked for a future consolidation pass)_
+Driver.Galaxy.Contracts-003. The resolver was extracted into a new
+`public static class GalaxySecretRef` in `Driver.Galaxy.Contracts`
+(`ResolveApiKey(string secretRef, ILogger? logger = null)`), which both Driver.Galaxy
+and Driver.Galaxy.Browser already reference. `GalaxyDriverBrowser.BuildClientOptions`
+now calls `GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey(gw.ApiKeySecretRef, _logger)` and its private
+`ResolveApiKey` copy is deleted — eliminating the drift risk (a future `vault:` prefix
+is now added in one place). Behaviour is preserved exactly: the Browser's `_logger` is
+never null (defaults to `NullLogger`), so the literal-arm cleartext warning still fires.
+The Browser project builds clean against the shared resolver. See
+Driver.Galaxy.Contracts-003 for the full extraction details.
 
 ---
 

code-reviews/Driver.Galaxy.Contracts/findings.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 | Review date | 2026-06-19 |
 | Commit reviewed | `7286d320` |
 | Status | Reviewed |
-| Open findings | 1 |
+| Open findings | 0 |
 
 ## Checklist coverage
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ a category produced nothing rather than leaving it blank.
 | 5 | Security | No issues found (ApiKeySecretRef is documented as an indirection reference; no defaults store a cleartext secret; no ToString override leaks the ref) |
 | 6 | Performance & resource management | No issues found (pure records; no allocations, disposables, or resource lifetimes) |
 | 7 | Design-document adherence | No issues found (records match CLAUDE.md Gateway/MxAccess/Repository/Reconnect section layout) |
-| 8 | Code organization & conventions | Driver.Galaxy.Contracts-003 (Low, Open): ResolveApiKey helper duplicated between GalaxyDriver and GalaxyBrowseSession; Contracts is the natural home |
+| 8 | Code organization & conventions | Driver.Galaxy.Contracts-003 (Low, Resolved): ResolveApiKey helper duplicated between GalaxyDriver and GalaxyBrowseSession; extracted to `GalaxySecretRef` in Contracts |
 | 9 | Testing coverage | No issues found (no logic to test; pure data records with default values) |
 | 10 | Documentation & comments | Driver.Galaxy.Contracts-001 (Low, Resolved): Internal code-review finding ID `(Driver.Galaxy-010)` in shipped XML doc |
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ note the minimum and that `EventPump` enforces it at construction. Verified by b
 | Severity | Low |
 | Category | Code organization & conventions |
 | Location | `src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Browser/GalaxyDriverBrowser.cs:149` (duplicate) and `src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy/GalaxyDriver.cs:472` (original) |
-| Status | Open |
+| Status | Resolved |
 
 **Description:** `GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey` (the four-form `env:`/`file:`/`dev:`/literal
 resolver, ~45 LOC) is duplicated verbatim as `GalaxyDriverBrowser.ResolveApiKey`. The
@@ -135,6 +135,20 @@ which ships in-box with .NET 10's BCL and adds no new NuGet dependency.
 overload) into a `GalaxySecretRef` static class in this project; update both call sites
 to delegate to it.
 
-**Resolution:** _(deferred — cross-module coordination change; Driver.Galaxy and
+**Resolution:** Resolved 2026-06-20 — extracted the four-form resolver into a new
-Driver.Galaxy.Browser must both be updated in the same commit. Tracked for a future
+`public static class GalaxySecretRef` (`src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Contracts/GalaxySecretRef.cs`,
-consolidation pass. See also Driver.Galaxy.Browser-003.)_
+namespace `ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Config`) as a single
+`ResolveApiKey(string secretRef, ILogger? logger = null)` method (the two former
+`GalaxyDriver` overloads collapsed into one optional-logger signature). The exact
+resolution semantics are preserved byte-for-byte: `env:NAME` (throws when unset),
+`file:PATH` (throws when missing/empty, trims), `dev:KEY` (literal, no warning), and
+the back-compat literal arm (returns the literal and emits the same `Warning` when a
+logger is supplied). The Contracts `.csproj` gained a single
+`Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions` PackageReference for the `ILogger`
+parameter. Both call sites now delegate: `GalaxyDriver.BuildClientOptions` calls
+`GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey(gw.ApiKeySecretRef, _logger)` and the two private
+`GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey` overloads are deleted; `GalaxyDriverBrowser.BuildClientOptions`
+likewise delegates (passing its non-null `_logger`) and its private copy is deleted. No
+migration, no public wire-contract change. Regression coverage: `GalaxyDriverApiKeyResolverTests`
+was repointed at `GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey` (all 10 facts green). This finding and
+the sibling Driver.Galaxy.Browser-003 are closed by this one extraction.

code-reviews/Driver.Galaxy/findings.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 | Review date | 2026-06-19 |
 | Commit reviewed | `7286d320` |
 | Status | Reviewed |
-| Open findings | 1 |
+| Open findings | 0 |
 
 ## Checklist coverage
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ observation + single `_ownedRepositoryClient`, the `ResolveApiKey`
 estimate, the O(1) `SubscriptionRegistry` indices, and the `ReinitializeAsync`
 equivalent-config gate all survive intact.
 
-One new finding (Driver.Galaxy-019, Low, Open-deferred). No Critical / High /
+One new finding (Driver.Galaxy-019, Low, Resolved 2026-06-20). No Critical / High /
 Medium new findings. Category results:
 
 | # | Category | Result |
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ Medium new findings. Category results:
 | 1 | Correctness & logic bugs | No new issues found |
 | 2 | OtOpcUa conventions | No new issues found |
 | 3 | Concurrency & thread safety | No new issues found |
-| 4 | Error handling & resilience | Driver.Galaxy-019 |
+| 4 | Error handling & resilience | Driver.Galaxy-019 (Resolved) |
 | 5 | Security | No new issues found (vendoring retired; no secret logging; `ResolveApiKey` warns on cleartext) |
 | 6 | Performance & resource management | No new issues found |
 | 7 | Design-document adherence | No new issues found |
 | 8 | Code organization & conventions | No new issues found |
-| 9 | Testing coverage | No new issues found (31 suites; `GatewayGalaxySubscriber` untestable per Driver.Galaxy-019) |
+| 9 | Testing coverage | No new issues found (31 suites; `GatewayGalaxySubscriber` now has its first unit test — `GatewayGalaxySubscriberClassifyTests` for the Driver.Galaxy-019 classifier) |
 | 10 | Documentation & comments | No new issues found |
 
 ## Findings
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ the existing csproj works correctly.
 | Severity | Low |
 | Category | Error handling & resilience |
 | Location | `Runtime/GatewayGalaxySubscriber.cs:89-100` |
-| Status | Open |
+| Status | Resolved |
 
 **Description:** `GatewayGalaxySubscriber.EnsureSessionIntervalAsync` applies
 the session-level `SetBufferedUpdateInterval` command and then caches the
@@ -479,17 +479,21 @@ extract the reply→outcome classification into a pure internal helper
 the sealed, internal-ctor `MxGatewaySession` — `GatewayGalaxySubscriber`
 currently has zero unit tests for exactly this reason.
 
-**Resolution:** Deferred 2026-06-19 — the fix is small but cannot be landed
+**Resolution:** Resolved 2026-06-20 — extracted the pure classifier
-with a real TDD red→green cycle in this module: the behaviour lives entirely
+`internal static bool ClassifyIntervalReply(ProtocolStatusCode? code) => code == ProtocolStatusCode.Ok`
-behind the sealed `MxGatewaySession` (no public/internal ctor; the same
+and routed `EnsureSessionIntervalAsync` through it, so `_lastAppliedIntervalMs`
-constraint that forced every other gw call onto an injectable `IGalaxy*` seam),
+is now set **only** on `Ok`. `MxaccessFailure` (COM-side set did not apply), any
-so there is no way to drive a synthetic `MxCommandReply` through
+other unexpected code, and a missing status all leave the cache untouched, so the
-`EnsureSessionIntervalAsync` without first refactoring out the pure-classifier
+requested cadence is re-attempted on the next subscribe rather than permanently
-helper the recommendation calls for. That refactor plus giving the subscriber a
+pinned at the gateway default after a transient hiccup. The subscriber gained an
-logger is a low-risk but non-trivial change to the production gw session path,
+optional `ILogger? logger = null` ctor parameter (defaulting to `NullLogger.Instance`),
-and the underlying intent (is caching on `MxaccessFailure` deliberate "the
+threaded through from `BuildProductionRuntimeAsync`'s `_logger` at the one
-gateway processed it, don't retry" behaviour, or an oversight?) is a design
+`new GatewayGalaxySubscriber(_ownedMxSession, _logger)` call site; it now emits a
-question better confirmed against the gateway contract than guessed at in a
+`Warning` on both the `MxaccessFailure` soft-failure path and the unexpected-code
-review sweep. Tracked for a follow-up that lands the classifier extraction +
+early-return path (no secret/key is logged), so the comment's promised signal exists.
-its unit tests together. Impact is bounded to a sub-optimal (not broken)
+Regression coverage: new `GatewayGalaxySubscriberClassifyTests`
-publish cadence that self-heals on reconnect.
+(`tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Tests/`) — the subscriber's first
+unit test — pins `Ok → true`, `MxaccessFailure → false`, `Unspecified → false`,
+`null → false`. The sealed `MxGatewaySession` ctor that previously blocked a TDD
+cycle is now sidestepped because the classifier is a pure static helper testable in
+isolation.

src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbCip.Contracts/AbCipDataType.cs

@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ public enum AbCipDataType
     Real,   // 32-bit IEEE-754
     LReal,  // 64-bit IEEE-754
     String, // Logix STRING (DINT Length + SINT[82] DATA — flattened to .NET string by libplctag)
-    Dt,     // Date/Time — Logix DT == DINT representing seconds-since-epoch per Rockwell conventions
+    Dt,     // Logix DATE (0xCD — 4-byte unsigned days since 1984-01-01) or DATE_AND_TIME / DT
+            // (0xCF — 8-byte unsigned microseconds since 1970-01-01). The driver reads 4 bytes
+            // via GetInt32; DATE decodes correctly, DATE_AND_TIME is truncated to the low 4 bytes.
     /// <summary>
     ///     UDT / Predefined Structure (Timer / Counter / Control / Message / Axis). Shape is
     ///     resolved at discovery time; reads + writes fan out to member Variables unless the

src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbCip.Contracts/AbCipDriverOptions.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
-
 namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbCip;
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -81,8 +79,7 @@ public sealed class AbCipDriverOptions
     ///     Timeout for the AdminUI Test Connect probe, in seconds. The AdminUI clamps to a
     ///     60s server-side maximum; this default is what the form pre-fills for new instances.
     /// </summary>
-    [Display(Name = "Probe timeout (seconds)", Description = "Connection test timeout. Default 5s.", GroupName = "Diagnostics")]
+    /// <remarks>Valid range: 1–60 seconds; the AdminUI clamps to 60s server-side.</remarks>
-    [Range(1, 60)]
     public int ProbeTimeoutSeconds { get; init; } = 5;
 }
 

src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbCip.Contracts/AbCipEquipmentTagParser.cs

@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@ public static class AbCipEquipmentTagParser
     /// <param name="def">The transient definition when parsing succeeds.</param>
     /// <returns><see langword="true"/> when <paramref name="reference"/> is an AbCip TagConfig object.</returns>
     /// <remarks>
-    ///     The produced <see cref="AbCipTagDefinition.Writable"/> is always <c>true</c>: the
+    ///     <see cref="AbCipTagDefinition.Writable"/> is read from the optional <c>"writable"</c>
-    ///     TagConfig JSON format for equipment tags does not carry a writability field, so the
+    ///     boolean field in the TagConfig JSON; it defaults to <c>true</c> when the field is absent,
-    ///     PLC's ExternalAccess attribute is the effective write gate. Operators who need a
+    ///     matching the record's documented default and the behaviour of pre-declared tags. Operators
-    ///     read-only OPC UA surface must rely on the PLC's ExternalAccess rejecting the write.
+    ///     who need a read-only OPC UA surface can author <c>"writable":false</c> in the TagConfig;
+    ///     the PLC's ExternalAccess attribute remains the effective write gate at the wire level.
     /// </remarks>
     public static bool TryParse(string reference, out AbCipTagDefinition def)
     {
@@ -36,6 +37,11 @@ public static class AbCipEquipmentTagParser
             if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(tagPath)) return false;
 
             var deviceHostAddress = ReadString(root, "deviceHostAddress");
+            // A "dataType":"Structure" input is accepted and produces a Structure-typed definition
+            // with Members:null. The driver treats this as a black-box dotted-path read: libplctag
+            // resolves the full tag path (e.g. "Motor.Speed") without enumerating UDT members.
+            // The address space emits a placeholder String variable; UDT member declarations are
+            // not supported in the equipment-tag flow.
             var dataType = ReadEnum(root, "dataType", AbCipDataType.DInt);
             // Review I-1 — an equipment tag is an ARRAY ⟺ isArray:true AND arrayLength >= 1. A
             // 1-element array (isArray:true, arrayLength:1) is a VALID 1-element array — the
@@ -43,9 +49,12 @@ public static class AbCipEquipmentTagParser
             // scalar. ElementCount can't carry the signal (a scalar and a 1-element array both
             // have a count of 1), so the explicit IsArray flag does.
             var (isArray, elementCount) = ReadArrayShape(root);
+            // "writable" defaults to true when absent — matches AbCipTagDefinition.Writable default.
+            var writable = !root.TryGetProperty("writable", out var writableEl)
+                           || writableEl.ValueKind != JsonValueKind.False;
             def = new AbCipTagDefinition(
                 Name: reference, DeviceHostAddress: deviceHostAddress, TagPath: tagPath,
-                DataType: dataType, Writable: true, ElementCount: elementCount, IsArray: isArray);
+                DataType: dataType, Writable: writable, ElementCount: elementCount, IsArray: isArray);
             return true;
         }
         catch (JsonException) { return false; }

src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbCip/AbCipAlarmProjection.cs

@@ -181,6 +181,11 @@ internal sealed class AbCipAlarmProjection : IAsyncDisposable
             if (inFaultedDv.StatusCode != AbCipStatusMapper.Good) continue;
 
             var nowFaulted = ToBool(inFaultedDv.Value);
+            // severityDv.StatusCode is not checked here. When the Severity read is Bad (value null),
+            // ToInt(null) returns 0 and MapSeverity buckets it as Low. This is acceptable because
+            // InFaulted and Severity are members of the same ALMD UDT read in one batch, so a Good
+            // InFaulted almost always implies a Good Severity. The "unknown severity → Low" fallback
+            // is intentional and matches the behaviour documented on Driver.AbCip-017.
             var severity = ToInt(severityDv.Value);
 
             var wasFaulted = sub.LastInFaulted.GetValueOrDefault(nodeId, false);

src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbLegacy.Contracts/AbLegacyEquipmentTagParser.cs

@@ -12,6 +12,17 @@ public static class AbLegacyEquipmentTagParser
     /// <param name="reference">The equipment tag's TagConfig JSON (also used as the def identity).</param>
     /// <param name="def">The transient definition when parsing succeeds.</param>
     /// <returns><see langword="true"/> when <paramref name="reference"/> is an AbLegacy address object.</returns>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// <para>
+    ///     When <c>isArray</c> is the JSON literal <see langword="true"/> but <c>arrayLength</c> is
+    ///     absent, zero, or negative, the result is silently a <b>scalar</b>
+    ///     (<see cref="AbLegacyTagDefinition.ArrayLength"/> is <see langword="null"/>).
+    ///     A valid positive <c>arrayLength</c> is required to produce an array tag; <c>isArray:true</c>
+    ///     alone is not sufficient.  This is intentional: a stale length behind a cleared or absent
+    ///     <c>isArray</c> flag must never produce an orphan array tag that mismatches its scalar OPC UA
+    ///     node (see in-source comment, review C-2).
+    /// </para>
+    /// </remarks>
     public static bool TryParse(string reference, out AbLegacyTagDefinition def)
     {
         def = null!;

src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbLegacy.Contracts/AbLegacyPlcFamilyProfile.cs

@@ -7,12 +7,25 @@ namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbLegacy.PlcFamilies;
 public sealed record AbLegacyPlcFamilyProfile(
     string LibplctagPlcAttribute,
     string DefaultCipPath,
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Reserved for future array-length clamping.  <b>Not currently enforced anywhere in the
+    ///     driver.</b>  The values are approximate upper bounds derived from PCCC packet payload
+    ///     limits (e.g. SLC 5/05 240 bytes is the PCCC-over-EIP data cap, not a libplctag fragment
+    ///     limit).  Do not rely on this field for sizing decisions until an enforcement point is added.
+    /// </summary>
     int MaxTagBytes,
     bool SupportsStringFile,
     bool SupportsLongFile)
 {
     /// <summary>Gets the profile for the specified PLC family.</summary>
     /// <param name="family">The PLC family.</param>
+    /// <remarks>
+    ///     Any unrecognised <paramref name="family"/> value (e.g. an integer cast to the enum, or a
+    ///     value added to <see cref="AbLegacyPlcFamily"/> before this switch is updated) silently
+    ///     returns the <see cref="Slc500"/> profile.  This is intentional: it preserves
+    ///     forward-compatibility for device configs authored against a build that predates a new
+    ///     family enum member, preferring a safe default over a startup exception.
+    /// </remarks>
     public static AbLegacyPlcFamilyProfile ForFamily(AbLegacyPlcFamily family) => family switch
     {
         AbLegacyPlcFamily.Slc500 => Slc500,

src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.FOCAS.Contracts/FocasDriverOptions.cs

@@ -157,9 +157,9 @@ public sealed record FocasDeviceOptions(
 ///     <c>FocasReadWriteTests</c>). Defaults to <c>true</c>.
 /// </param>
 /// <param name="WriteIdempotent">
-///     Whether repeated writes of the same value are safe. Carried for parity; not yet
+///     Whether repeated writes of the same value are safe. Threaded through to
-///     threaded through to <c>DriverAttributeInfo</c> in <c>DiscoverAsync</c> (see
+///     <c>DriverAttributeInfo.WriteIdempotent</c> by <c>DiscoverAsync</c> so OPC UA
-///     Driver.FOCAS.Contracts-002). Defaults to <c>false</c>.
+///     clients can optimise write coalescing for idempotent tags. Defaults to <c>false</c>.
 /// </param>
 public sealed record FocasTagDefinition(
     string Name,

src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.FOCAS/FocasDriver.cs

@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ public sealed class FocasDriver : IDriver, IReadable, IWritable, ITagDiscovery,
                     SecurityClass: SecurityClassification.ViewOnly,
                     IsHistorized: false,
                     IsAlarm: false,
-                    WriteIdempotent: false));
+                    WriteIdempotent: tag.WriteIdempotent));
             }
         }
         return Task.CompletedTask;

src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Browser/GalaxyDriverBrowser.cs

@@ -122,14 +122,14 @@ public sealed class GalaxyDriverBrowser : IDriverBrowser
     /// <summary>
     ///     Build the gateway client options from the form's Gateway section. Mirrors the
     ///     runtime driver's <c>GalaxyDriver.BuildClientOptions</c> field-for-field so the
-    ///     gateway sees an identical option shape. The API-key reference is resolved
+    ///     gateway sees an identical option shape. The API-key reference is resolved via
-    ///     inline (a slim version of <c>GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey</c>) because the
+    ///     the shared <see cref="GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey"/> in Driver.Galaxy.Contracts
-    ///     Browser project doesn't reference Driver.Galaxy.
+    ///     (the same resolver the runtime driver uses), so browse and runtime stay in lock-step.
     /// </summary>
     private MxGatewayClientOptions BuildClientOptions(GalaxyGatewayOptions gw) => new()
     {
         Endpoint = new Uri(gw.Endpoint, UriKind.Absolute),
-        ApiKey = ResolveApiKey(gw.ApiKeySecretRef),
+        ApiKey = GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey(gw.ApiKeySecretRef, _logger),
         UseTls = gw.UseTls,
         CaCertificatePath = gw.CaCertificatePath,
         ConnectTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(gw.ConnectTimeoutSeconds),
@@ -138,57 +138,4 @@ public sealed class GalaxyDriverBrowser : IDriverBrowser
             ? TimeSpan.FromSeconds(gw.StreamTimeoutSeconds)
             : null,
     };
-
-    /// <summary>
-    ///     Resolves <c>env:NAME</c>, <c>file:PATH</c>, and <c>dev:KEY</c> prefixes;
-    ///     anything else is treated as a literal cleartext key with a startup warning.
-    ///     Slim mirror of <c>GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey</c> — the runtime version lives
-    ///     in a sibling project the Browser intentionally doesn't reference.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="secretRef">The secret reference string to resolve.</param>
-    private string ResolveApiKey(string secretRef)
-    {
-        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(secretRef);
-
-        if (secretRef.StartsWith("env:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-        {
-            var name = secretRef[4..];
-            var value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(name);
-            return !string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)
-                ? value
-                : throw new InvalidOperationException(
-                    $"Galaxy.Gateway.ApiKeySecretRef='{secretRef}' resolves to env var '{name}', but it is unset.");
-        }
-
-        if (secretRef.StartsWith("file:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-        {
-            var path = secretRef[5..];
-            if (!File.Exists(path))
-            {
-                throw new InvalidOperationException(
-                    $"Galaxy.Gateway.ApiKeySecretRef='{secretRef}' points at '{path}', which doesn't exist.");
-            }
-            var contents = File.ReadAllText(path).Trim();
-            return !string.IsNullOrEmpty(contents)
-                ? contents
-                : throw new InvalidOperationException(
-                    $"Galaxy.Gateway.ApiKeySecretRef='{secretRef}' file '{path}' is empty.");
-        }
-
-        if (secretRef.StartsWith("dev:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-        {
-            // Explicit dev opt-in — no warning, the operator deliberately chose a
-            // cleartext literal (dev box, parity rig).
-            return secretRef[4..];
-        }
-
-        // Back-compat literal arm. An unprefixed string is treated as the literal
-        // API key — but emit a warning so an operator who accidentally committed a
-        // cleartext key into DriverConfig sees it when they open the address picker.
-        _logger.LogWarning(
-            "Galaxy.Gateway.ApiKeySecretRef is being treated as a literal cleartext API key. " +
-            "Prefer env:NAME, file:PATH, or the explicit dev:KEY prefix for dev rigs — " +
-            "a literal key in DriverConfig JSON is stored in cleartext in the central config DB.");
-        return secretRef;
-    }
 }

src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Contracts/GalaxyDriverOptions.cs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public sealed record GalaxyDriverOptions(
 
 /// <summary>
 ///     Connection details for the MxAccess gateway. <see cref="ApiKeySecretRef"/> is
-///     resolved by <c>GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey</c> at InitializeAsync time. Four forms
+///     resolved by <see cref="GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey"/> at InitializeAsync time. Four forms
 ///     supported, in priority order:
 ///     <list type="bullet">
 ///       <item><c>env:NAME</c> — read from an environment variable (recommended for

src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Contracts/GalaxySecretRef.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+
+namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Config;
+
+/// <summary>
+///     Resolves <c>Gateway.ApiKeySecretRef</c> to the actual API-key string. Four
+///     forms supported, evaluated in order:
+///     <list type="number">
+///       <item><c>env:NAME</c> — reads <c>Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(NAME)</c>.
+///         Throws when the variable is unset, so a misconfigured deployment fails
+///         fast rather than silently sending an empty key.</item>
+///       <item><c>file:PATH</c> — reads UTF-8 text from <c>PATH</c>, trimming
+///         whitespace. Lets operators stash the key in an ACL'd file outside the
+///         repo (the same pattern as the legacy <c>.local/galaxy-host-secret.txt</c>).</item>
+///       <item><c>dev:KEY</c> — explicit cleartext literal. The <c>dev:</c> prefix
+///         is a deliberate opt-in signal (dev box, parity rig) so the resolver
+///         doesn't emit a warning; production should never use this arm.</item>
+///       <item>Anything else — used as the literal API key for back-compat with
+///         configs that pre-date this resolver. When a logger is supplied the
+///         resolver emits a startup warning so an operator who accidentally
+///         committed a cleartext key sees it (Driver.Galaxy-010).</item>
+///     </list>
+///     A future PR can swap any of these arms for a DPAPI-backed lookup without
+///     changing the call site.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+///     Lives in the Contracts project so both the runtime <c>GalaxyDriver</c> and the
+///     AdminUI <c>GalaxyDriverBrowser</c> (which intentionally don't reference each
+///     other) share a single resolver rather than each maintaining a copy.
+/// </remarks>
+public static class GalaxySecretRef
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Resolves the supplied secret reference. When the ref falls through to the
+    ///     back-compat literal arm (an unprefixed cleartext API key in
+    ///     <c>DriverConfig</c> JSON) and a <paramref name="logger"/> is supplied, emits
+    ///     a <see cref="LogLevel.Warning"/>. The <c>dev:</c> prefix is the explicit
+    ///     opt-in path that doesn't warn.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="secretRef">The secret reference string to resolve.</param>
+    /// <param name="logger">Optional logger for warning on cleartext keys.</param>
+    public static string ResolveApiKey(string secretRef, ILogger? logger = null)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(secretRef);
+
+        if (secretRef.StartsWith("env:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            var name = secretRef[4..];
+            var value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(name);
+            return !string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)
+                ? value
+                : throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Galaxy.Gateway.ApiKeySecretRef='{secretRef}' resolves to env var '{name}', but it is unset.");
+        }
+
+        if (secretRef.StartsWith("file:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            var path = secretRef[5..];
+            if (!File.Exists(path))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Galaxy.Gateway.ApiKeySecretRef='{secretRef}' points at '{path}', which doesn't exist.");
+            }
+            var contents = File.ReadAllText(path).Trim();
+            return !string.IsNullOrEmpty(contents)
+                ? contents
+                : throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Galaxy.Gateway.ApiKeySecretRef='{secretRef}' file '{path}' is empty.");
+        }
+
+        if (secretRef.StartsWith("dev:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            // Explicit dev opt-in — no warning, the operator deliberately chose a
+            // cleartext literal (dev box, parity rig).
+            return secretRef[4..];
+        }
+
+        // Back-compat literal arm. An unprefixed string is treated as the literal
+        // API key — but emit a warning so an operator who accidentally committed a
+        // cleartext key into DriverConfig sees it. Use the dev: prefix to suppress
+        // this warning when the literal is intentional.
+        logger?.LogWarning(
+            "Galaxy.Gateway.ApiKeySecretRef is being treated as a literal cleartext API key. " +
+            "Prefer env:NAME, file:PATH, or the explicit dev:KEY prefix for dev rigs — " +
+            "a literal key in DriverConfig JSON is stored in cleartext in the central config DB.");
+        return secretRef;
+    }
+}

src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Contracts/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Contracts.csproj

@@ -5,5 +5,9 @@
         <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
         <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
     </PropertyGroup>
-    <!-- NO PackageReference. NO ProjectReference. -->
+    <!-- NO ProjectReference. The only PackageReference is the logging abstraction -->
+    <!-- needed by GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey's optional warning logger. -->
+    <ItemGroup>
+        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions" />
+    </ItemGroup>
 </Project>

src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy/GalaxyDriver.cs

@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ public sealed class GalaxyDriver
         // listener (OTLP exporter, dotnet-trace, etc.) consumes these without the driver
         // taking a dependency on the OpenTelemetry packages.
         _subscriber = new TracedGalaxySubscriber(
-            new GatewayGalaxySubscriber(_ownedMxSession), _options.MxAccess.ClientName);
+            new GatewayGalaxySubscriber(_ownedMxSession, _logger), _options.MxAccess.ClientName);
         _dataWriter = new TracedGalaxyDataWriter(
             // Let the writer borrow live MXAccess item handles the subscription registry already
             // holds, so the first write to an already-subscribed tag skips a redundant AddItem.
@@ -437,91 +437,14 @@ public sealed class GalaxyDriver
         }
     }
 
-    /// <summary>
-    ///     Resolves <c>Gateway.ApiKeySecretRef</c> to the actual API-key bytes. Four
-    ///     forms supported, evaluated in order:
-    ///     <list type="number">
-    ///       <item><c>env:NAME</c> — reads <c>Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(NAME)</c>.
-    ///         Throws when the variable is unset, so a misconfigured deployment fails
-    ///         fast at InitializeAsync rather than silently sending an empty key.</item>
-    ///       <item><c>file:PATH</c> — reads UTF-8 text from <c>PATH</c>, trimming
-    ///         whitespace. Lets operators stash the key in an ACL'd file outside the
-    ///         repo (the same pattern as the legacy <c>.local/galaxy-host-secret.txt</c>).</item>
-    ///       <item><c>dev:KEY</c> — explicit cleartext literal. The <c>dev:</c> prefix
-    ///         is a deliberate opt-in signal (dev box, parity rig) so the resolver
-    ///         doesn't emit a warning; production should never use this arm.</item>
-    ///       <item>Anything else — used as the literal API key for back-compat with
-    ///         configs that pre-date this resolver. When a logger is supplied the
-    ///         resolver emits a startup warning so an operator who accidentally
-    ///         committed a cleartext key sees it (Driver.Galaxy-010).</item>
-    ///     </list>
-    ///     A future PR can swap any of these arms for a DPAPI-backed lookup without
-    ///     changing the call site.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="secretRef">The secret reference string to resolve.</param>
-    internal static string ResolveApiKey(string secretRef) => ResolveApiKey(secretRef, logger: null);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    ///     Logger-aware overload. Emits a <see cref="LogLevel.Warning"/> if the secret
-    ///     ref falls through to the back-compat literal arm (an unprefixed cleartext
-    ///     API key in <c>DriverConfig</c> JSON). The <c>dev:</c> prefix is the explicit
-    ///     opt-in path that doesn't warn.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="secretRef">The secret reference string to resolve.</param>
-    /// <param name="logger">Optional logger for warning on cleartext keys.</param>
-    internal static string ResolveApiKey(string secretRef, ILogger? logger)
-    {
-        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(secretRef);
-
-        if (secretRef.StartsWith("env:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-        {
-            var name = secretRef[4..];
-            var value = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(name);
-            return !string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)
-                ? value
-                : throw new InvalidOperationException(
-                    $"Galaxy.Gateway.ApiKeySecretRef='{secretRef}' resolves to env var '{name}', but it is unset.");
-        }
-
-        if (secretRef.StartsWith("file:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-        {
-            var path = secretRef[5..];
-            if (!File.Exists(path))
-            {
-                throw new InvalidOperationException(
-                    $"Galaxy.Gateway.ApiKeySecretRef='{secretRef}' points at '{path}', which doesn't exist.");
-            }
-            var contents = File.ReadAllText(path).Trim();
-            return !string.IsNullOrEmpty(contents)
-                ? contents
-                : throw new InvalidOperationException(
-                    $"Galaxy.Gateway.ApiKeySecretRef='{secretRef}' file '{path}' is empty.");
-        }
-
-        if (secretRef.StartsWith("dev:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-        {
-            // Explicit dev opt-in — no warning, the operator deliberately chose a
-            // cleartext literal (dev box, parity rig).
-            return secretRef[4..];
-        }
-
-        // Back-compat literal arm. An unprefixed string is treated as the literal
-        // API key — but emit a warning so an operator who accidentally committed a
-        // cleartext key into DriverConfig sees it at startup. Use the dev: prefix
-        // to suppress this warning when the literal is intentional.
-        logger?.LogWarning(
-            "Galaxy.Gateway.ApiKeySecretRef is being treated as a literal cleartext API key. " +
-            "Prefer env:NAME, file:PATH, or the explicit dev:KEY prefix for dev rigs — " +
-            "a literal key in DriverConfig JSON is stored in cleartext in the central config DB.");
-        return secretRef;
-    }
-
     private MxGatewayClientOptions BuildClientOptions(GalaxyGatewayOptions gw) => new()
     {
         Endpoint = new Uri(gw.Endpoint, UriKind.Absolute),
         // Driver.Galaxy-010: pass the logger so the literal-arm cleartext fallback
-        // surfaces a startup warning rather than silently shipping the key.
+        // surfaces a startup warning rather than silently shipping the key. The
-        ApiKey = ResolveApiKey(gw.ApiKeySecretRef, _logger),
+        // resolver lives in Driver.Galaxy.Contracts (GalaxySecretRef) so the runtime
+        // driver and the AdminUI browser share one implementation.
+        ApiKey = GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey(gw.ApiKeySecretRef, _logger),
         UseTls = gw.UseTls,
         CaCertificatePath = gw.CaCertificatePath,
         ConnectTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(gw.ConnectTimeoutSeconds),

src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy/Runtime/GatewayGalaxySubscriber.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Client;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Contracts.Proto;
 // Use the generated nested status enum for the SetBufferedUpdateInterval reply check.
@@ -18,14 +20,21 @@ namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Runtime;
 public sealed class GatewayGalaxySubscriber : IGalaxySubscriber
 {
     private readonly GalaxyMxSession _session;
+    private readonly ILogger _logger;
     private readonly Lock _intervalLock = new();
     private int _lastAppliedIntervalMs = -1; // -1 = never applied; 0 = explicit "use gw default"
 
     /// <summary>Initializes a new instance of GatewayGalaxySubscriber.</summary>
     /// <param name="session">The Galaxy MX session to use for subscription operations.</param>
-    public GatewayGalaxySubscriber(GalaxyMxSession session)
+    /// <param name="logger">
+    ///     Optional logger; surfaces a warning when <c>SetBufferedUpdateInterval</c>
+    ///     soft-fails so the cadence-not-applied condition isn't silent. Null is allowed
+    ///     for unit-test construction and falls back to <see cref="NullLogger.Instance"/>.
+    /// </param>
+    public GatewayGalaxySubscriber(GalaxyMxSession session, ILogger? logger = null)
     {
         _session = session ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(session));
+        _logger = logger ?? NullLogger.Instance;
     }
 
     /// <summary>Subscribes to a bulk list of Galaxy references with optional buffered update interval.</summary>
@@ -86,11 +95,33 @@ public sealed class GatewayGalaxySubscriber : IGalaxySubscriber
             },
             cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
-        if (reply.ProtocolStatus?.Code is not (ProtocolStatusCode.Ok or ProtocolStatusCode.MxaccessFailure))
+        var code = reply.ProtocolStatus?.Code;
+
+        // MxaccessFailure means the COM-side SetBufferedUpdateInterval did NOT apply, so
+        // we must NOT cache the requested value — caching it would suppress the retry on
+        // the next subscribe at this interval. Only Ok records the value as applied.
+        if (!ClassifyIntervalReply(code))
         {
             // Don't throw on a soft failure — the SubscribeBulk will still succeed at the
             // gw's default cadence, which is functional just not the requested cadence.
-            // The trace span (PR 6.1) plus the warning here gives ops the signal.
+            // The trace span (PR 6.1) plus this warning gives ops the signal, and leaving
+            // _lastAppliedIntervalMs unchanged lets the next subscribe re-attempt the set.
+            if (code == ProtocolStatusCode.MxaccessFailure)
+            {
+                _logger.LogWarning(
+                    "Galaxy SetBufferedUpdateInterval({IntervalMs}ms) soft-failed (MxaccessFailure); " +
+                    "buffered subscriptions on server handle {ServerHandle} will publish at the gateway's " +
+                    "default cadence. The requested interval was not cached, so a later subscribe will retry it.",
+                    intervalMs, serverHandle);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _logger.LogWarning(
+                    "Galaxy SetBufferedUpdateInterval({IntervalMs}ms) returned an unexpected protocol status " +
+                    "{Code} on server handle {ServerHandle}; treating it as not-applied and leaving the " +
+                    "requested interval uncached so a later subscribe retries it.",
+                    intervalMs, code, serverHandle);
+            }
             return;
         }
 
@@ -100,6 +131,17 @@ public sealed class GatewayGalaxySubscriber : IGalaxySubscriber
         }
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Classifies a <c>SetBufferedUpdateInterval</c> reply: returns <c>true</c> only when
+    ///     the requested interval was actually applied and may be cached as last-applied.
+    ///     This is <see cref="ProtocolStatusCode.Ok"/> alone — <see cref="ProtocolStatusCode.MxaccessFailure"/>
+    ///     means the COM-side set did NOT take effect (so caching it would prevent a retry),
+    ///     and a <c>null</c> or any other unexpected code is treated as not-applied.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="code">The protocol status code from the gateway reply, or <c>null</c> when absent.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>true</c> if the interval should be recorded as applied; otherwise <c>false</c>.</returns>
+    internal static bool ClassifyIntervalReply(ProtocolStatusCode? code) => code == ProtocolStatusCode.Ok;
+
     /// <summary>Unsubscribes from a bulk list of item handles.</summary>
     /// <param name="itemHandles">The item handles to unsubscribe from.</param>
     /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>

tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbCip.Tests/AbCipEquipmentTagParserTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+using Shouldly;
+using Xunit;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbCip;
+
+namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbCip.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+///     Dedicated unit tests for <see cref="AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse"/>.
+///     Covers all distinct outcome branches: valid scalar, 1-element array, N-element array,
+///     degenerate array shapes, non-JSON input, non-object JSON, blank/missing tagPath,
+///     the <c>writable</c> field, and the <c>Structure</c> dataType path (Driver.AbCip.Contracts-004).
+/// </summary>
+[Trait("Category", "Unit")]
+public class AbCipEquipmentTagParserTests
+{
+    // ── Happy-path scalar ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Valid_scalar_round_trip_parses_all_fields()
+    {
+        var json = """{"deviceHostAddress":"ab://10.0.0.1/1,0","tagPath":"Motor.Speed","dataType":"Real"}""";
+        AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse(json, out var def).ShouldBeTrue();
+        def!.Name.ShouldBe(json);
+        def.TagPath.ShouldBe("Motor.Speed");
+        def.DeviceHostAddress.ShouldBe("ab://10.0.0.1/1,0");
+        def.DataType.ShouldBe(AbCipDataType.Real);
+        def.Writable.ShouldBeTrue();
+        def.IsArray.ShouldBeFalse();
+        def.ElementCount.ShouldBe(1);
+    }
+
+    // ── Array shape ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void One_element_array_isArray_true_arrayLength_1_is_an_array_not_a_scalar()
+    {
+        var json = """{"tagPath":"Tags[0]","dataType":"DInt","isArray":true,"arrayLength":1}""";
+        AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse(json, out var def).ShouldBeTrue();
+        def!.IsArray.ShouldBeTrue();
+        def.ElementCount.ShouldBe(1);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void N_element_array_isArray_true_arrayLength_N_parses_correctly()
+    {
+        var json = """{"tagPath":"Buf","dataType":"SInt","isArray":true,"arrayLength":8}""";
+        AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse(json, out var def).ShouldBeTrue();
+        def!.IsArray.ShouldBeTrue();
+        def.ElementCount.ShouldBe(8);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void IsArray_true_arrayLength_0_is_canonical_scalar()
+    {
+        // Canonical rule: isArray:true AND arrayLength < 1 → scalar.
+        var json = """{"tagPath":"PT_101","isArray":true,"arrayLength":0}""";
+        AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse(json, out var def).ShouldBeTrue();
+        def!.IsArray.ShouldBeFalse();
+        def.ElementCount.ShouldBe(1);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void IsArray_true_arrayLength_absent_is_canonical_scalar()
+    {
+        // Canonical rule: isArray:true but arrayLength absent → scalar.
+        var json = """{"tagPath":"PT_101","isArray":true}""";
+        AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse(json, out var def).ShouldBeTrue();
+        def!.IsArray.ShouldBeFalse();
+        def.ElementCount.ShouldBe(1);
+    }
+
+    // ── Rejection paths ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Non_JSON_input_returns_false()
+        => AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse("not json at all", out _).ShouldBeFalse();
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Non_object_JSON_array_returns_false()
+        => AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse("""["tagPath","foo"]""", out _).ShouldBeFalse();
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Non_object_JSON_string_returns_false()
+        => AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse("\"Motor.Speed\"", out _).ShouldBeFalse();
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Missing_tagPath_returns_false()
+        => AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse("""{"dataType":"DInt"}""", out _).ShouldBeFalse();
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Blank_tagPath_returns_false()
+        => AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse("""{"tagPath":"   "}""", out _).ShouldBeFalse();
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void TagPath_as_number_returns_false()
+        => AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse("""{"tagPath":42}""", out _).ShouldBeFalse();
+
+    // ── Writable field (Driver.AbCip.Contracts-001) ───────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Writable_false_is_honoured()
+    {
+        var json = """{"tagPath":"Sensor.Val","writable":false}""";
+        AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse(json, out var def).ShouldBeTrue();
+        def!.Writable.ShouldBeFalse();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Writable_absent_defaults_to_true()
+    {
+        var json = """{"tagPath":"Sensor.Val"}""";
+        AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse(json, out var def).ShouldBeTrue();
+        def!.Writable.ShouldBeTrue();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Writable_true_explicit_is_honoured()
+    {
+        var json = """{"tagPath":"Sensor.Val","writable":true}""";
+        AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse(json, out var def).ShouldBeTrue();
+        def!.Writable.ShouldBeTrue();
+    }
+
+    // ── Structure dataType (Driver.AbCip.Contracts-001 Structure concern) ─────────────────
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     A "dataType":"Structure" equipment-tag input is accepted and produces a Structure-typed
+    ///     definition with Members:null. The driver treats the tag path as a black-box dotted-path
+    ///     read (libplctag resolves the full path); UDT member declarations are not supported in the
+    ///     equipment-tag flow. This test documents current behaviour so a future change to reject
+    ///     Structure is a conscious choice.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void Structure_dataType_is_accepted_with_null_Members_and_returns_true()
+    {
+        var json = """{"tagPath":"Motor","dataType":"Structure"}""";
+        AbCipEquipmentTagParser.TryParse(json, out var def).ShouldBeTrue();
+        def!.DataType.ShouldBe(AbCipDataType.Structure);
+        def.Members.ShouldBeNull();
+        def.TagPath.ShouldBe("Motor");
+    }
+}

tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.AbLegacy.Tests/AbLegacyEquipmentTagTests.cs

@@ -37,6 +37,32 @@ public sealed class AbLegacyEquipmentTagTests
         => AbLegacyEquipmentTagParser.TryParse(
             """{"address":"","dataType":"Int"}""", out _).ShouldBeFalse();
 
+    // -002 regression: isArray:true without a valid positive arrayLength → scalar (null ArrayLength).
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void IsArray_true_with_arrayLength_zero_produces_scalar()
+    {
+        var json = """{"address":"N7:0","dataType":"Int","isArray":true,"arrayLength":0}""";
+        AbLegacyEquipmentTagParser.TryParse(json, out var def).ShouldBeTrue();
+        def!.ArrayLength.ShouldBeNull();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void IsArray_true_with_no_arrayLength_produces_scalar()
+    {
+        var json = """{"address":"N7:0","dataType":"Int","isArray":true}""";
+        AbLegacyEquipmentTagParser.TryParse(json, out var def).ShouldBeTrue();
+        def!.ArrayLength.ShouldBeNull();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void IsArray_true_with_negative_arrayLength_produces_scalar()
+    {
+        var json = """{"address":"N7:0","dataType":"Int","isArray":true,"arrayLength":-5}""";
+        AbLegacyEquipmentTagParser.TryParse(json, out var def).ShouldBeTrue();
+        def!.ArrayLength.ShouldBeNull();
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     ///     End-to-end driver-level proof: an AbLegacy driver with NO authored tags can still read an
     ///     equipment-tag ref (the raw TagConfig JSON) — the resolver parses it into a transient

tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.FOCAS.Tests/FocasDriverMediumFindingsTests.cs

@@ -116,6 +116,39 @@ public sealed class FocasDriverMediumFindingsTests
             .ShouldBe(SecurityClassification.ViewOnly);
     }
 
+    // ---- Driver.FOCAS.Contracts-002: WriteIdempotent threaded through DiscoverAsync ----
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Verifies that a tag authored with <c>WriteIdempotent: true</c> surfaces
+    ///     <c>WriteIdempotent == true</c> on its discovered <see cref="DriverAttributeInfo"/>,
+    ///     and that a tag with the default <c>WriteIdempotent: false</c> surfaces <c>false</c>.
+    ///     Resolves Driver.FOCAS.Contracts-002 — the field was previously hardcoded to
+    ///     <c>false</c> in <c>DiscoverAsync</c> and had no runtime effect.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task DiscoverAsync_surfaces_WriteIdempotent_from_tag_definition()
+    {
+        var builder = new RecordingBuilder();
+        var drv = new FocasDriver(new FocasDriverOptions
+        {
+            Devices = [new FocasDeviceOptions("focas://10.0.0.5:8193")],
+            Tags =
+            [
+                new FocasTagDefinition("Idempotent",    "focas://10.0.0.5:8193", "R100", FocasDataType.Int16, WriteIdempotent: true),
+                new FocasTagDefinition("NonIdempotent", "focas://10.0.0.5:8193", "R200", FocasDataType.Int16, WriteIdempotent: false),
+            ],
+            Probe = new FocasProbeOptions { Enabled = false },
+        }, "drv-1", new FakeFocasClientFactory());
+        await drv.InitializeAsync("{}", CancellationToken.None);
+
+        await drv.DiscoverAsync(builder, CancellationToken.None);
+
+        builder.Variables.Single(v => v.BrowseName == "Idempotent").Info.WriteIdempotent
+            .ShouldBeTrue("a tag declared WriteIdempotent:true must surface true on DriverAttributeInfo");
+        builder.Variables.Single(v => v.BrowseName == "NonIdempotent").Info.WriteIdempotent
+            .ShouldBeFalse("a tag declared WriteIdempotent:false (the default) must surface false");
+    }
+
     // ---- Driver.FOCAS-005: Volatile-guarded _health survives concurrent reads ----
 
     /// <summary>Verifies that GetHealth reflects state updated from concurrent reads.</summary>

tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Tests/GalaxyDriverApiKeyResolverTests.cs

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 using Shouldly;
 using Xunit;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Config;
 
 namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Tests;
 
 /// <summary>
 ///     Follow-up #2 — pins the three resolution forms supported by
-///     <see cref="GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey"/>: <c>env:NAME</c>, <c>file:PATH</c>,
+///     <see cref="GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey"/>: <c>env:NAME</c>, <c>file:PATH</c>,
 ///     and the literal-string fallback. A future DPAPI arm slots in here without
-///     touching the call site.
+///     touching the call site. (The resolver was extracted from <c>GalaxyDriver</c> to
+///     the shared <c>GalaxySecretRef</c> in Driver.Galaxy.Contracts so the runtime
+///     driver and the AdminUI browser share one copy.)
 /// </summary>
 public sealed class GalaxyDriverApiKeyResolverTests
 {
@@ -16,7 +19,7 @@ public sealed class GalaxyDriverApiKeyResolverTests
     [Fact]
     public void Literal_string_is_returned_unchanged()
     {
-        GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey("plain-text-key").ShouldBe("plain-text-key");
+        GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey("plain-text-key").ShouldBe("plain-text-key");
     }
 
     /// <summary>Verifies that env: prefix resolves to an environment variable.</summary>
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ public sealed class GalaxyDriverApiKeyResolverTests
         Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(name, "key-from-env");
         try
         {
-            GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey($"env:{name}").ShouldBe("key-from-env");
+            GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey($"env:{name}").ShouldBe("key-from-env");
         }
         finally
         {
@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@ public sealed class GalaxyDriverApiKeyResolverTests
         Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(name, null);
 
         var ex = Should.Throw<InvalidOperationException>(() =>
-            GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey($"env:{name}"));
+            GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey($"env:{name}"));
         ex.Message.ShouldContain(name);
         ex.Message.ShouldContain("unset");
     }
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ public sealed class GalaxyDriverApiKeyResolverTests
         File.WriteAllText(path, "  key-from-file  \n");
         try
         {
-            GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey($"file:{path}").ShouldBe("key-from-file");
+            GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey($"file:{path}").ShouldBe("key-from-file");
         }
         finally
         {
@@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ public sealed class GalaxyDriverApiKeyResolverTests
     {
         var path = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), $"does-not-exist-{Guid.NewGuid():N}.txt");
         var ex = Should.Throw<InvalidOperationException>(() =>
-            GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey($"file:{path}"));
+            GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey($"file:{path}"));
         ex.Message.ShouldContain(path);
         ex.Message.ShouldContain("doesn't exist");
     }
@@ -85,7 +88,7 @@ public sealed class GalaxyDriverApiKeyResolverTests
         // in the DriverConfig JSON. The resolver must surface a warning so an
         // operator who committed one by accident sees it at startup.
         var logger = new CaptureLogger();
-        var key = GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey("plain-text-key", logger);
+        var key = GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey("plain-text-key", logger);
 
         key.ShouldBe("plain-text-key");
         logger.Entries.ShouldContain(e =>
@@ -100,7 +103,7 @@ public sealed class GalaxyDriverApiKeyResolverTests
         // key (dev / parity rig). The resolver must accept it AND suppress the
         // warning so production logs aren't polluted on a deliberate dev choice.
         var logger = new CaptureLogger();
-        var key = GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey("dev:plain-text-key", logger);
+        var key = GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey("dev:plain-text-key", logger);
 
         key.ShouldBe("plain-text-key");
         logger.Entries.ShouldNotContain(e => e.Level == LogLevel.Warning);
@@ -115,7 +118,7 @@ public sealed class GalaxyDriverApiKeyResolverTests
         try
         {
             var logger = new CaptureLogger();
-            GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey($"env:{name}", logger);
+            GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey($"env:{name}", logger);
             logger.Entries.ShouldNotContain(e => e.Level == LogLevel.Warning);
         }
         finally
@@ -150,7 +153,7 @@ public sealed class GalaxyDriverApiKeyResolverTests
         try
         {
             var ex = Should.Throw<InvalidOperationException>(() =>
-                GalaxyDriver.ResolveApiKey($"file:{path}"));
+                GalaxySecretRef.ResolveApiKey($"file:{path}"));
             ex.Message.ShouldContain("empty");
         }
         finally

tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Tests/GatewayGalaxySubscriberClassifyTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+using Shouldly;
+using Xunit;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.MxGateway.Contracts.Proto;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Runtime;
+
+namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Galaxy.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+///     Driver.Galaxy-019 — pins <see cref="GatewayGalaxySubscriber.ClassifyIntervalReply"/>:
+///     a <c>SetBufferedUpdateInterval</c> reply is only "applied" (and therefore cacheable
+///     as the last-applied interval) when the gateway returns <see cref="ProtocolStatusCode.Ok"/>.
+///     <see cref="ProtocolStatusCode.MxaccessFailure"/> means the COM-side set did NOT take
+///     effect, so caching it would suppress the retry on the next subscribe — it must classify
+///     as not-applied, as must any other unexpected code or a missing status.
+/// </summary>
+public sealed class GatewayGalaxySubscriberClassifyTests
+{
+    /// <summary>Ok is the only code that records the interval as applied.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void Ok_classifies_as_applied()
+    {
+        GatewayGalaxySubscriber.ClassifyIntervalReply(ProtocolStatusCode.Ok).ShouldBeTrue();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>MxaccessFailure must NOT cache — the COM-side set did not apply.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void MxaccessFailure_classifies_as_not_applied()
+    {
+        GatewayGalaxySubscriber.ClassifyIntervalReply(ProtocolStatusCode.MxaccessFailure).ShouldBeFalse();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Any other unexpected code is treated as not-applied.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void Unexpected_code_classifies_as_not_applied()
+    {
+        GatewayGalaxySubscriber.ClassifyIntervalReply(ProtocolStatusCode.Unspecified).ShouldBeFalse();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>A missing protocol status (null) is treated as not-applied.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void Null_classifies_as_not_applied()
+    {
+        GatewayGalaxySubscriber.ClassifyIntervalReply(null).ShouldBeFalse();
+    }
+}