diff --git a/docs/Historian.md b/docs/Historian.md
index 64363ba9..39a894af 100644
--- a/docs/Historian.md
+++ b/docs/Historian.md
@@ -686,7 +686,9 @@ data.
   the gateway is asked from **1 ms before** the window (never before the Unix epoch, the start of the historian's time encoding),
   so the boundary row lands before it, and only rows `RawAggregateReader.IsWindowSample` are returned. The decision is by
   **timestamp**, not by value or quality — a stored NULL sample looks exactly like the no-data boundary row on the wire (value 0,
-  Bad), and a stored NULL inside the window is still returned (Bad), as it is a stored sample.
+  Bad), and a stored NULL inside the window is still returned (Bad), as it is a stored sample. A row stamped **at or before the
+  epoch** is never a stored sample (AVEVA stores nothing there — the #686 walk-back's floor too): a window starting at or before
+  the epoch gets no margin, so AVEVA's no-data row lands exactly at its start; raw reads and the per-sample aggregates both drop it.
 - **The forward end is exclusive** (`[StartTime, EndTime)`, the `IHistorianDataSource` contract and what the SQL backends return;
   the gateway's own `ReadRaw` end is inclusive, so a sample stored exactly at EndTime used to be returned). A point read
   (`StartTime == EndTime` — the server's tie-cluster over-fetch) still returns the samples at that instant. The #686 reverse
diff --git a/src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Historian.Gateway/RawAggregateReader.cs b/src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Historian.Gateway/RawAggregateReader.cs
index 1723cb1d..a9f95808 100644
--- a/src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Historian.Gateway/RawAggregateReader.cs
+++ b/src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Historian.Gateway/RawAggregateReader.cs
@@ -104,9 +104,18 @@ internal static class RawAggregateReader
     /// <param name="windowEndUtc">The window's end: exclusive, or inclusive when it equals the start.</param>
     /// <returns>Whether the row belongs to the window.</returns>
     public static bool IsWindowSample(HistorianSample raw, DateTime windowStartUtc, DateTime windowEndUtc) =>
-        raw.Timestamp is { } ts && ts.ToDateTime() is var t && t >= windowStartUtc
+        raw.Timestamp is { } ts && ts.ToDateTime() is var t && IsAfterFloor(t) && t >= windowStartUtc
         && (t < windowEndUtc || (t == windowEndUtc && windowStartUtc == windowEndUtc));
 
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     A row stamped at or before <see cref="ProbeFloor"/> (the Unix epoch) is never a stored sample: AVEVA stores nothing
+    ///     there (the server's #686 walk-back assumes the same), and a window starting at or before the epoch gets no 1 ms
+    ///     margin (<see cref="RequestStartFor"/>), so AVEVA's synthetic boundary / no-data row lands exactly at its start.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="t">The row's timestamp.</param>
+    /// <returns>Whether the row can be a stored sample.</returns>
+    internal static bool IsAfterFloor(DateTime t) => t > ProbeFloor;
+
     /// <summary>True for the aggregates this reader serves: the per-sample families of <see cref="AggregateFamilies"/>.</summary>
     /// <param name="aggregate">Requested aggregate.</param>
     /// <returns>Whether the aggregate is evaluated from raw samples.</returns>
@@ -184,6 +193,7 @@ internal static class RawAggregateReader
             if (overCap || raw.Timestamp is null) continue;
             var s = ToStored(raw);
             var t = s.TimeUtc;
+            if (!IsAfterFloor(t)) continue; // the boundary row of a window starting at/before the epoch, never a sample
             if (plan.IndexOf(t) is { } bucket)
             {
                 if (maxWindowRows > 0 && ++windowRows > maxWindowRows)
diff --git a/tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Historian.Gateway.Tests/GatewayRawAggregateTests.cs b/tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Historian.Gateway.Tests/GatewayRawAggregateTests.cs
index b99f2b57..d1759e11 100644
--- a/tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Historian.Gateway.Tests/GatewayRawAggregateTests.cs
+++ b/tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Historian.Gateway.Tests/GatewayRawAggregateTests.cs
@@ -473,6 +473,23 @@ public sealed class GatewayRawAggregateTests
         ds2.GetHealthSnapshot().TotalFailures.ShouldBe(1);
     }
 
+    [Theory] // a window starting AT the epoch gets no 1 ms margin, so AVEVA's no-data row is stamped at the window start:
+             // it must not become a stored Bad sample of bucket 0
+    [InlineData(HistoryAggregateType.Start)]
+    [InlineData(HistoryAggregateType.Count)]
+    [InlineData(HistoryAggregateType.Minimum)]
+    public async Task A_window_starting_at_the_epoch_does_not_evaluate_the_fabricated_row(HistoryAggregateType agg)
+    {
+        var epoch = DateTime.UnixEpoch;
+        var data = new[] { new StoredSample(epoch.AddSeconds(5), HistorianValue.FromDouble(7), Good) };
+        var fake = Store(data, avevaBoundary: true);
+        var s = (await Source(fake).ReadProcessedAsync("T", epoch, epoch.AddSeconds(20), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(20), agg, Ct))
+            .Samples.Single();
+        var expected = SqlBackendAnswer(agg, BucketPlan.Create(epoch, epoch.AddSeconds(20), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(20)), data).Single();
+        (s.Value, s.StatusCode).ShouldBe((expected.Value, expected.StatusCode));
+        fake.RawCalls[0].Start.ShouldBe(epoch); // the request start cannot go before the epoch
+    }
+
     [Fact] // #688: the default cap's budget fits the gateway's default ceiling, so a strict gateway serves the default config
     public async Task The_default_caps_row_budget_does_not_exceed_the_gateways_default_ceiling()
     {
diff --git a/tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Historian.Gateway.Tests/GatewayRawBoundaryRowTests.cs b/tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Historian.Gateway.Tests/GatewayRawBoundaryRowTests.cs
index 11d62de9..2aec396e 100644
--- a/tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Historian.Gateway.Tests/GatewayRawBoundaryRowTests.cs
+++ b/tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.Historian.Gateway.Tests/GatewayRawBoundaryRowTests.cs
@@ -292,4 +292,16 @@ public sealed class GatewayRawBoundaryRowTests
         RawAggregateReader.RequestStartFor(start).ShouldBe(DateTime.UnixEpoch);
         RawAggregateReader.RequestStartFor(At(0)).ShouldBe(At(0) - RawAggregateReader.BoundaryMargin);
     }
+
+    [Theory] // with no margin left before the epoch, AVEVA's no-data row lands AT StartTime: a row at/before the epoch is
+             // never a stored sample (AVEVA stores nothing there — the #686 walk-back's floor too)
+    [InlineData(0L)]
+    [InlineData(-10_000_000L)]
+    public async Task A_read_starting_at_or_before_the_epoch_does_not_return_the_fabricated_row(long startTicksFromEpoch)
+    {
+        var epoch = DateTime.UnixEpoch;
+        var fake = Aveva([(epoch.AddSeconds(10), 7d, false)]);
+        var r = await Source(fake).ReadRawAsync("T", epoch.AddTicks(startTicksFromEpoch), epoch.AddSeconds(60), 5, Ct);
+        r.Samples.Select(s => s.SourceTimestampUtc).ShouldBe(new DateTime?[] { epoch.AddSeconds(10) });
+    }
 }