diff --git a/src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons/Observability/OtOpcUaTelemetry.cs b/src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons/Observability/OtOpcUaTelemetry.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efb9909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons/Observability/OtOpcUaTelemetry.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Diagnostics.Metrics;
+
+namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Observability;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Central <see cref="Meter"/> + <see cref="ActivitySource"/> definitions for OtOpcUa.
+/// All Akka actors, the OPC UA publish path, and the deploy coordinator emit through these
+/// pre-created instruments so a single OpenTelemetry / Prometheus binding in <c>Host</c>
+/// catches everything. No exporter is required — instruments are no-op until a listener
+/// attaches, so tests and dev hosts pay nothing for instrumentation that nobody scrapes.
+///
+/// Instrument names follow the OpenTelemetry semantic convention pattern
+/// <c>otopcua.&lt;subsystem&gt;.&lt;event&gt;</c>. Subsystem is one of: deploy, driver,
+/// virtualtag, scriptedalarm, opcua, redundancy.
+/// </summary>
+public static class OtOpcUaTelemetry
+{
+    public const string MeterName = "ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa";
+    public const string ActivitySourceName = "ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa";
+
+    /// <summary>Singleton <see cref="Meter"/> all counters/histograms hang off.</summary>
+    public static readonly Meter Meter = new(MeterName);
+
+    /// <summary>Singleton <see cref="ActivitySource"/> used to start spans wrapping deploy/apply/rebuild.</summary>
+    public static readonly ActivitySource ActivitySource = new(ActivitySourceName);
+
+    // ---------------- Deployment / driver-host coordination ----------------
+
+    /// <summary>Incremented every time DriverHostActor finishes applying a deployment (Ack or Reject).</summary>
+    public static readonly Counter<long> DeploymentApplied =
+        Meter.CreateCounter<long>("otopcua.deploy.applied", unit: "{deployment}",
+            description: "Deployments applied by a driver-role node (outcome=ack|reject).");
+
+    /// <summary>Time from DriverHostActor receiving DispatchDeployment to emitting the ack/reject.</summary>
+    public static readonly Histogram<double> DeploymentApplyDurationSec =
+        Meter.CreateHistogram<double>("otopcua.deploy.apply.duration", unit: "s",
+            description: "Driver-role apply latency from DispatchDeployment → Ack/Reject.");
+
+    /// <summary>DriverInstanceActor spawn count (added=new instance; stop=disposed).</summary>
+    public static readonly Counter<long> DriverInstanceLifecycle =
+        Meter.CreateCounter<long>("otopcua.driver.lifecycle", unit: "{event}",
+            description: "DriverInstanceActor lifecycle transitions (event=spawn|stop|fault).");
+
+    // ---------------- VirtualTag / ScriptedAlarm engines ----------------
+
+    public static readonly Counter<long> VirtualTagEval =
+        Meter.CreateCounter<long>("otopcua.virtualtag.eval", unit: "{eval}",
+            description: "Virtual-tag evaluations attempted (outcome=ok|fail|skip).");
+
+    public static readonly Counter<long> ScriptedAlarmTransition =
+        Meter.CreateCounter<long>("otopcua.scriptedalarm.transition", unit: "{transition}",
+            description: "Scripted-alarm state transitions (state=active|acknowledged|inactive).");
+
+    // ---------------- OPC UA address-space + redundancy ----------------
+
+    public static readonly Counter<long> OpcUaSinkWrite =
+        Meter.CreateCounter<long>("otopcua.opcua.sink.write", unit: "{write}",
+            description: "Writes that landed in IOpcUaAddressSpaceSink (kind=value|alarm|rebuild).");
+
+    public static readonly Counter<long> ServiceLevelChange =
+        Meter.CreateCounter<long>("otopcua.redundancy.service_level_change", unit: "{change}",
+            description: "OPC UA Server.ServiceLevel transitions emitted by the redundancy state.");
+
+    // ---------------- Convenience helpers ----------------
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Starts a deploy span tagged with the deployment id. Caller disposes to close. Returns
+    /// null when no listener is attached so the call site stays cheap on undecorated builds.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static Activity? StartDeployApplySpan(string deploymentId)
+    {
+        var activity = ActivitySource.StartActivity("otopcua.deploy.apply", ActivityKind.Internal);
+        activity?.SetTag("otopcua.deployment_id", deploymentId);
+        return activity;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Span wrapping a full OPC UA address-space rebuild (Phase7 plan → apply).</summary>
+    public static Activity? StartAddressSpaceRebuildSpan()
+        => ActivitySource.StartActivity("otopcua.opcua.address_space_rebuild", ActivityKind.Internal);
+}
diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host/Observability/ObservabilityExtensions.cs b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host/Observability/ObservabilityExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1e6c7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host/Observability/ObservabilityExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+using OpenTelemetry.Metrics;
+using OpenTelemetry.Trace;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Observability;
+
+namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host.Observability;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Wires the OtOpcUa Meter + ActivitySource into OpenTelemetry and exposes a Prometheus
+/// scrape endpoint at <c>/metrics</c> on the host pipeline. F13d slice — only the meter +
+/// activity source declared in <see cref="OtOpcUaTelemetry"/> are surfaced; per-Akka
+/// internals + ASP.NET request metrics stay off by default to keep the scrape payload
+/// scoped to OtOpcUa-owned signals.
+/// </summary>
+public static class ObservabilityExtensions
+{
+    public static IServiceCollection AddOtOpcUaObservability(this IServiceCollection services)
+    {
+        services.AddOpenTelemetry()
+            .WithMetrics(b => b
+                .AddMeter(OtOpcUaTelemetry.MeterName)
+                .AddPrometheusExporter())
+            .WithTracing(b => b
+                .AddSource(OtOpcUaTelemetry.ActivitySourceName));
+
+        return services;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Mounts the Prometheus scrape endpoint on the existing ASP.NET pipeline. Call after
+    /// <c>app.UseAuthentication/UseAuthorization</c> if metrics access should require auth;
+    /// the default leaves it unauthenticated for local Prometheus scrapes.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static IEndpointRouteBuilder MapOtOpcUaMetrics(this IEndpointRouteBuilder app)
+    {
+        app.MapPrometheusScrapingEndpoint("/metrics");
+        return app;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host/Program.cs b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host/Program.cs
index e20384f..8452a3c 100644
--- a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host/Program.cs
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host/Program.cs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.OpcUa;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host.Drivers;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host.Health;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host.Observability;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host.OpcUa;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.OpcUaServer.Security;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime;
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@ if (hasAdmin)
 }
 
 builder.Services.AddOtOpcUaHealth();
+builder.Services.AddOtOpcUaObservability();
 
 var app = builder.Build();
 app.UseSerilogRequestLogging();
@@ -109,6 +111,7 @@ if (hasAdmin)
 }
 
 app.MapOtOpcUaHealth();
+app.MapOtOpcUaMetrics();
 
 Log.Information("OtOpcUa.Host starting with roles=[{Roles}] (admin={HasAdmin}, driver={HasDriver})",
     string.Join(",", roles), hasAdmin, hasDriver);
diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host.csproj b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host.csproj
index ac72232..be53447 100644
--- a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host.csproj
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Host.csproj
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
             <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
             <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
         </PackageReference>
+        <PackageReference Include="OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Hosting"/>
+        <PackageReference Include="OpenTelemetry.Exporter.Prometheus.AspNetCore"/>
     </ItemGroup>
 
     <ItemGroup>
diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Drivers/DriverHostActor.cs b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Drivers/DriverHostActor.cs
index 1934ccd..55798ec 100644
--- a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Drivers/DriverHostActor.cs
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Drivers/DriverHostActor.cs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using Akka.Actor;
 using Akka.Cluster.Tools.PublishSubscribe;
 using Akka.Event;
@@ -5,6 +6,7 @@ using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Interfaces;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Messages.Deploy;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Messages.Fleet;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Observability;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Types;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Configuration;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Configuration.Entities;
@@ -239,6 +241,12 @@ public sealed class DriverHostActor : ReceiveActor, IWithTimers
         _applyingDeploymentId = deploymentId;
         Become(Applying);
 
+        using var span = OtOpcUaTelemetry.StartDeployApplySpan(deploymentId.ToString());
+        span?.SetTag("otopcua.node_id", _localNode.ToString());
+        span?.SetTag("otopcua.revision", revision.ToString());
+        span?.SetTag("otopcua.correlation_id", correlation.ToString());
+        var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
         // Persist Applying row (idempotent on PK).
         UpsertNodeDeploymentState(deploymentId, NodeDeploymentStatus.Applying, failureReason: null);
 
@@ -252,6 +260,7 @@ public sealed class DriverHostActor : ReceiveActor, IWithTimers
             // composition. The publish actor handles the load-compose-diff-apply pipeline; we
             // just forward the same correlation id so the audit trail joins up.
             _opcUaPublishActor?.Tell(new ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.OpcUa.OpcUaPublishActor.RebuildAddressSpace(correlation));
+            OtOpcUaTelemetry.DeploymentApplied.Add(1, new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("outcome", "ack"));
             _log.Info("DriverHost {Node}: applied deployment {Id} (rev {Rev}, children={Count})",
                 _localNode, deploymentId, revision, _children.Count);
         }
@@ -259,10 +268,13 @@ public sealed class DriverHostActor : ReceiveActor, IWithTimers
         {
             UpsertNodeDeploymentState(deploymentId, NodeDeploymentStatus.Failed, ex.Message);
             SendAck(deploymentId, ApplyAckOutcome.Failed, ex.Message, correlation);
+            OtOpcUaTelemetry.DeploymentApplied.Add(1, new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("outcome", "reject"));
+            span?.SetStatus(ActivityStatusCode.Error, ex.Message);
             _log.Error(ex, "DriverHost {Node}: apply of {Id} failed", _localNode, deploymentId);
         }
         finally
         {
+            OtOpcUaTelemetry.DeploymentApplyDurationSec.Record(sw.Elapsed.TotalSeconds);
             _applyingDeploymentId = null;
             Become(Steady);
         }
diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Drivers/DriverInstanceActor.cs b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Drivers/DriverInstanceActor.cs
index f3185c8..f8dbcd4 100644
--- a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Drivers/DriverInstanceActor.cs
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/Drivers/DriverInstanceActor.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Akka.Actor;
 using Akka.Event;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Observability;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.OpcUa;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Types;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Abstractions;
@@ -82,6 +83,9 @@ public sealed class DriverInstanceActor : ReceiveActor, IWithTimers
         _driver = driver;
         _driverInstanceId = driver.DriverInstanceId;
         _reconnectInterval = reconnectInterval;
+        OtOpcUaTelemetry.DriverInstanceLifecycle.Add(1,
+            new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("event", startStubbed ? "spawn_stub" : "spawn"),
+            new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("driver_type", driver.DriverType));
         if (startStubbed)
         {
             Context.GetLogger().Info("[DEV-STUB] driver={Name} type={Type}",
@@ -314,5 +318,8 @@ public sealed class DriverInstanceActor : ReceiveActor, IWithTimers
         DetachSubscription();
         try { _driver.ShutdownAsync(CancellationToken.None).GetAwaiter().GetResult(); }
         catch (Exception ex) { _log.Warning(ex, "DriverInstance {Id}: ShutdownAsync threw on PostStop", _driverInstanceId); }
+        OtOpcUaTelemetry.DriverInstanceLifecycle.Add(1,
+            new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("event", "stop"),
+            new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("driver_type", _driver.DriverType));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/OpcUa/OpcUaPublishActor.cs b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/OpcUa/OpcUaPublishActor.cs
index 2c24826..1ef9ae7 100644
--- a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/OpcUa/OpcUaPublishActor.cs
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/OpcUa/OpcUaPublishActor.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using Akka.Cluster.Tools.PublishSubscribe;
 using Akka.Event;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Messages.Redundancy;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Observability;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.OpcUa;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Types;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Configuration;
@@ -124,6 +125,7 @@ public sealed class OpcUaPublishActor : ReceiveActor
         {
             _sink.WriteValue(msg.NodeId, msg.Value, msg.Quality, msg.TimestampUtc);
             Interlocked.Increment(ref _writes);
+            OtOpcUaTelemetry.OpcUaSinkWrite.Add(1, new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("kind", "value"));
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
@@ -137,6 +139,7 @@ public sealed class OpcUaPublishActor : ReceiveActor
         {
             _sink.WriteAlarmState(msg.AlarmNodeId, msg.Active, msg.Acknowledged, msg.TimestampUtc);
             Interlocked.Increment(ref _writes);
+            OtOpcUaTelemetry.OpcUaSinkWrite.Add(1, new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("kind", "alarm"));
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
@@ -146,12 +149,19 @@ public sealed class OpcUaPublishActor : ReceiveActor
 
     private void HandleRebuild(RebuildAddressSpace msg)
     {
+        using var span = OtOpcUaTelemetry.StartAddressSpaceRebuildSpan();
+        span?.SetTag("otopcua.correlation_id", msg.Correlation.ToString());
+
         // Two modes: when dbFactory + applier are wired, do a real diff-and-apply pass against
         // the latest deployment artifact. Without them, fall back to a raw sink rebuild — the
         // F10b/dev path before the integration completes.
         if (_dbFactory is null || _applier is null)
         {
-            try { _sink.RebuildAddressSpace(); }
+            try
+            {
+                _sink.RebuildAddressSpace();
+                OtOpcUaTelemetry.OpcUaSinkWrite.Add(1, new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("kind", "rebuild"));
+            }
             catch (Exception ex)
             {
                 _log.Error(ex, "OpcUaPublish: sink.RebuildAddressSpace threw (correlation={Correlation})",
@@ -175,6 +185,7 @@ public sealed class OpcUaPublishActor : ReceiveActor
 
             var outcome = _applier.Apply(plan);
             _lastApplied = composition;
+            OtOpcUaTelemetry.OpcUaSinkWrite.Add(1, new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("kind", "rebuild"));
             _log.Info("OpcUaPublish: applied rebuild (correlation={Correlation}, added={Added}, removed={Removed}, changed={Changed}, rebuild={Rebuild})",
                 msg.Correlation, outcome.AddedNodes, outcome.RemovedNodes, outcome.ChangedNodes, outcome.RebuildCalled);
         }
@@ -211,6 +222,8 @@ public sealed class OpcUaPublishActor : ReceiveActor
         try
         {
             _serviceLevel.Publish(msg.ServiceLevel);
+            OtOpcUaTelemetry.ServiceLevelChange.Add(1,
+                new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("level", msg.ServiceLevel));
             _log.Debug("OpcUaPublish: ServiceLevel={Level}", msg.ServiceLevel);
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/ScriptedAlarms/ScriptedAlarmActor.cs b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/ScriptedAlarms/ScriptedAlarmActor.cs
index f6f2e53..77c2f85 100644
--- a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/ScriptedAlarms/ScriptedAlarmActor.cs
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/ScriptedAlarms/ScriptedAlarmActor.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using Akka.Event;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Engines;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Messages.Alerts;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Messages.Logging;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Observability;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.VirtualTags;
 
 namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.ScriptedAlarms;
@@ -173,6 +174,9 @@ public sealed class ScriptedAlarmActor : ReceiveActor
             _ => next.ToString(),
         };
 
+        OtOpcUaTelemetry.ScriptedAlarmTransition.Add(1,
+            new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("state", kind.ToLowerInvariant()));
+
         var evt = new AlarmTransitionEvent(
             AlarmId: _config.AlarmId,
             EquipmentPath: _config.EquipmentPath,
diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/VirtualTags/VirtualTagActor.cs b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/VirtualTags/VirtualTagActor.cs
index 01194a8..02b8b8b 100644
--- a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/VirtualTags/VirtualTagActor.cs
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/VirtualTags/VirtualTagActor.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using Akka.Cluster.Tools.PublishSubscribe;
 using Akka.Event;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Engines;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Messages.Logging;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Observability;
 using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Types;
 
 namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.VirtualTags;
@@ -95,24 +96,35 @@ public sealed class VirtualTagActor : ReceiveActor
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
             _log.Warning(ex, "VirtualTag {Id}: evaluator threw", _virtualTagId);
+            OtOpcUaTelemetry.VirtualTagEval.Add(1, new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("outcome", "fail"));
             PublishLog("Error", $"evaluator threw: {ex.Message}");
             return;
         }
 
         if (!result.Success)
         {
+            OtOpcUaTelemetry.VirtualTagEval.Add(1, new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("outcome", "fail"));
             PublishLog("Warning", result.Reason ?? "evaluator failure");
             return;
         }
 
         // Skip no-change results. Real evaluator returns Ok(value); Null returns NoChange — both
         // safe because Null never produces a fresh value.
-        if (ReferenceEquals(result, VirtualTagEvalResult.NoChange)) return;
+        if (ReferenceEquals(result, VirtualTagEvalResult.NoChange))
+        {
+            OtOpcUaTelemetry.VirtualTagEval.Add(1, new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("outcome", "skip"));
+            return;
+        }
 
-        if (_hasLastValue && Equals(_lastValue, result.Value)) return;
+        if (_hasLastValue && Equals(_lastValue, result.Value))
+        {
+            OtOpcUaTelemetry.VirtualTagEval.Add(1, new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("outcome", "skip"));
+            return;
+        }
 
         _hasLastValue = true;
         _lastValue = result.Value;
+        OtOpcUaTelemetry.VirtualTagEval.Add(1, new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("outcome", "ok"));
         var evalResult = new EvaluationResult(_virtualTagId, result.Value, msg.TimestampUtc, CorrelationId.NewId());
         Context.Parent.Tell(evalResult);
     }
diff --git a/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/Observability/OtOpcUaTelemetryHookTests.cs b/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/Observability/OtOpcUaTelemetryHookTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..462d609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/Observability/OtOpcUaTelemetryHookTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Diagnostics.Metrics;
+using Akka.Actor;
+using Shouldly;
+using Xunit;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Engines;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.Observability;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Commons.OpcUa;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.OpcUa;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests.Harness;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.VirtualTags;
+
+namespace ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests.Observability;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// F13d — verifies the instrumentation sites actually emit on the central
+/// <see cref="OtOpcUaTelemetry"/> meter + activity source. Each test attaches a one-shot
+/// listener, exercises the instrumented path, then asserts the recorded measurement matches.
+/// </summary>
+public sealed class OtOpcUaTelemetryHookTests : RuntimeActorTestBase
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void VirtualTagActor_evaluation_emits_otopcua_virtualtag_eval_counter()
+    {
+        using var recorder = new MeterRecorder("otopcua.virtualtag.eval");
+        var parent = CreateTestProbe();
+        var evaluator = new ConstEval(42);
+
+        var actor = parent.ChildActorOf(VirtualTagActor.Props("vt-tel-1", "expr", evaluator: evaluator));
+        actor.Tell(new VirtualTagActor.DependencyValueChanged("a", 1, DateTime.UtcNow));
+        parent.ExpectMsg<VirtualTagActor.EvaluationResult>();
+
+        recorder.Total.ShouldBeGreaterThanOrEqualTo(1);
+        recorder.WithTag("outcome", "ok").ShouldBeGreaterThanOrEqualTo(1);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void OpcUaPublishActor_AttributeValueUpdate_emits_sink_write_counter()
+    {
+        using var recorder = new MeterRecorder("otopcua.opcua.sink.write");
+        var sink = new RecordingSink();
+        var actor = Sys.ActorOf(OpcUaPublishActor.PropsForTests(
+            sink: sink,
+            serviceLevel: NullServiceLevelPublisher.Instance,
+            subscribeRedundancyTopic: false,
+            localNode: Commons.Types.NodeId.Parse("test-node")));
+
+        actor.Tell(new OpcUaPublishActor.AttributeValueUpdate(
+            NodeId: "ns=2;s=tag-1",
+            Value: 42,
+            Quality: OpcUaQuality.Good,
+            TimestampUtc: DateTime.UtcNow));
+
+        AwaitAssertion(() =>
+        {
+            recorder.Total.ShouldBeGreaterThanOrEqualTo(1);
+            recorder.WithTag("kind", "value").ShouldBeGreaterThanOrEqualTo(1);
+        });
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void RebuildAddressSpace_starts_an_address_space_rebuild_span()
+    {
+        using var spanRecorder = new ActivityRecorder("otopcua.opcua.address_space_rebuild");
+        var sink = new RecordingSink();
+        var actor = Sys.ActorOf(OpcUaPublishActor.PropsForTests(
+            sink: sink,
+            serviceLevel: NullServiceLevelPublisher.Instance,
+            subscribeRedundancyTopic: false,
+            localNode: Commons.Types.NodeId.Parse("test-node")));
+
+        actor.Tell(new OpcUaPublishActor.RebuildAddressSpace(Commons.Types.CorrelationId.NewId()));
+
+        AwaitAssertion(() => spanRecorder.Activities.ShouldContain(a => a.OperationName == "otopcua.opcua.address_space_rebuild"));
+    }
+
+    private void AwaitAssertion(Action assertion)
+    {
+        var deadline = DateTime.UtcNow.AddSeconds(2);
+        Exception? last = null;
+        while (DateTime.UtcNow < deadline)
+        {
+            try { assertion(); return; }
+            catch (Exception ex) { last = ex; Thread.Sleep(25); }
+        }
+        if (last is not null) throw last;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Listens to a single instrument by name and tallies the values + tags.</summary>
+    private sealed class MeterRecorder : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly string _name;
+        private readonly MeterListener _listener;
+        private long _total;
+        private readonly List<KeyValuePair<string, object?>[]> _tagSets = new();
+        private readonly object _gate = new();
+
+        public MeterRecorder(string instrumentName)
+        {
+            _name = instrumentName;
+            _listener = new MeterListener
+            {
+                InstrumentPublished = (instrument, listener) =>
+                {
+                    if (instrument.Meter.Name == OtOpcUaTelemetry.MeterName && instrument.Name == _name)
+                        listener.EnableMeasurementEvents(instrument);
+                }
+            };
+            _listener.SetMeasurementEventCallback<long>((_, value, tags, _) =>
+            {
+                lock (_gate)
+                {
+                    _total += value;
+                    _tagSets.Add(tags.ToArray());
+                }
+            });
+            _listener.Start();
+        }
+
+        public long Total { get { lock (_gate) return _total; } }
+
+        public int WithTag(string key, string value)
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                return _tagSets.Count(set => set.Any(t => t.Key == key && Equals(t.Value, value)));
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose() => _listener.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Listens to a single ActivitySource by name and stores started Activities.</summary>
+    private sealed class ActivityRecorder : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly string _operationName;
+        private readonly ActivityListener _listener;
+        private readonly List<Activity> _activities = new();
+        private readonly object _gate = new();
+
+        public ActivityRecorder(string operationName)
+        {
+            _operationName = operationName;
+            _listener = new ActivityListener
+            {
+                ShouldListenTo = source => source.Name == OtOpcUaTelemetry.ActivitySourceName,
+                Sample = (ref ActivityCreationOptions<ActivityContext> _) => ActivitySamplingResult.AllData,
+                ActivityStarted = activity =>
+                {
+                    if (activity.OperationName == _operationName)
+                    {
+                        lock (_gate) _activities.Add(activity);
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            ActivitySource.AddActivityListener(_listener);
+        }
+
+        public IReadOnlyList<Activity> Activities { get { lock (_gate) return _activities.ToArray(); } }
+
+        public void Dispose() => _listener.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    private sealed class ConstEval(object? value) : IVirtualTagEvaluator
+    {
+        public VirtualTagEvalResult Evaluate(string virtualTagId, string expression, IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> dependencies)
+            => VirtualTagEvalResult.Ok(value);
+    }
+
+    private sealed class RecordingSink : IOpcUaAddressSpaceSink
+    {
+        public int Writes { get; private set; }
+        public void WriteValue(string nodeId, object? value, OpcUaQuality quality, DateTime sourceTimestampUtc) => Writes++;
+        public void WriteAlarmState(string alarmNodeId, bool active, bool acknowledged, DateTime occurredUtc) => Writes++;
+        public void RebuildAddressSpace() { /* recorded via span */ }
+    }
+}