diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/VirtualTags/VirtualTagActor.cs b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/VirtualTags/VirtualTagActor.cs
index 6e29f09e..b9d6e513 100644
--- a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/VirtualTags/VirtualTagActor.cs
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/VirtualTags/VirtualTagActor.cs
@@ -43,7 +43,12 @@ public sealed class VirtualTagActor : ReceiveActor
     /// <see cref="OpcUaQuality.Bad"/> when the script failed/timed out (02/S13) — in which case
     /// <paramref name="Value"/> is the last-known value (or null if none). Defaulting to Good keeps
     /// every existing construction site source-compatible.</summary>
-    public sealed record EvaluationResult(string VirtualTagId, object? Value, DateTime TimestampUtc, CorrelationId Correlation, OpcUaQuality Quality = OpcUaQuality.Good);
+    /// <param name="IsReassert"><c>true</c> when this result is a deploy-time re-assertion of the last
+    /// value/quality (see <see cref="ReassertValue"/>) rather than a fresh evaluation. The host still
+    /// publishes it (to repair the reset OPC UA node) but must NOT re-record it to the historian — it is a
+    /// stale value stamped with a fresh deploy-time timestamp, never a real evaluation sample. Defaults to
+    /// <c>false</c> so every existing construction site stays source-compatible.</param>
+    public sealed record EvaluationResult(string VirtualTagId, object? Value, DateTime TimestampUtc, CorrelationId Correlation, OpcUaQuality Quality = OpcUaQuality.Good, bool IsReassert = false);
 
     private readonly string _virtualTagId;
     private readonly string _scriptId;
@@ -134,15 +139,26 @@ public sealed class VirtualTagActor : ReceiveActor
     /// deploy that re-materialised our published UNS node to <c>BadWaitingForInitialData</c> recovers even when
     /// the recomputed value is unchanged (permanent Bad otherwise, with a static dependency). No-op until the
     /// child has emitted at least once — the first dependency arrival publishes the initial value normally.
-    /// Ordering is safe: <c>DriverHostActor</c> enqueues the address-space <c>RebuildAddressSpace</c> (which
-    /// re-materialises the node) to the single-threaded publish actor BEFORE the <c>ApplyVirtualTags</c> that
-    /// triggers this re-assert, so the re-publish lands on the freshly-materialised node.</summary>
+    /// <para>
+    ///     The result is flagged <see cref="EvaluationResult.IsReassert"/> so the host publishes it (repairing
+    ///     the reset node) but does NOT re-record it to the historian — it is a stale value stamped with a
+    ///     fresh deploy-time timestamp, not a real evaluation sample (M1).
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>
+    ///     Ordering (why the re-publish lands on the freshly-materialised node, not the pre-reset one): the
+    ///     reset and this re-publish converge on the SAME single-threaded <c>OpcUaPublishActor</c>. On a deploy
+    ///     <c>DriverHostActor</c> enqueues <c>RebuildAddressSpace</c> (the reset) to that actor FIRST, then sends
+    ///     <c>ApplyVirtualTags</c> to the VirtualTag HOST; the host tells this child <c>ReassertValue</c>, and
+    ///     only then does this method Tell the host an <c>EvaluationResult</c> which the host bridges onward to
+    ///     the publish actor. That multi-hop chain guarantees the re-publish arrives AFTER <c>RebuildAddressSpace</c>
+    ///     in the publish actor's FIFO mailbox, so the materialise runs before the write.
+    /// </para></summary>
     private void OnReassertValue()
     {
         if (!_hasLastValue && !_lastPublishedBad) return;
         var quality = _lastPublishedBad ? OpcUaQuality.Bad : OpcUaQuality.Good;
         Context.Parent.Tell(new EvaluationResult(
-            _virtualTagId, _lastValue, DateTime.UtcNow, CorrelationId.NewId(), quality));
+            _virtualTagId, _lastValue, DateTime.UtcNow, CorrelationId.NewId(), quality, IsReassert: true));
     }
 
     private void OnDependencyChanged(DependencyValueChanged msg)
diff --git a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/VirtualTags/VirtualTagHostActor.cs b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/VirtualTags/VirtualTagHostActor.cs
index 7326b74d..50592064 100644
--- a/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/VirtualTags/VirtualTagHostActor.cs
+++ b/src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime/VirtualTags/VirtualTagHostActor.cs
@@ -182,13 +182,17 @@ public sealed class VirtualTagHostActor : ReceiveActor
         }
 
         // Re-assert last values on surviving (not just-spawned) children. Every apply coincides with a
-        // deploy, and DriverHostActor enqueues the address-space RebuildAddressSpace — which re-materialises
-        // each VirtualTag's UNS node to BadWaitingForInitialData — to the single-threaded publish actor
-        // BEFORE this ApplyVirtualTags. A surviving child keeps its value-dedup state, so an unchanged
-        // recompute is suppressed and its freshly-reset node would stay Bad forever (permanent with a static
-        // dependency). Telling each survivor to ReassertValue re-publishes its last state through the same
-        // publish actor AFTER the materialise, so the node recovers. Fresh children are skipped (nothing to
-        // re-assert; their first dependency arrival publishes normally).
+        // deploy, and on a deploy DriverHostActor enqueues RebuildAddressSpace — which re-materialises each
+        // VirtualTag's UNS node to BadWaitingForInitialData — to the single-threaded OpcUaPublishActor FIRST,
+        // then sends ApplyVirtualTags to THIS host. A surviving child keeps its value-dedup state, so an
+        // unchanged recompute is suppressed and its freshly-reset node would stay Bad forever (permanent with
+        // a static dependency). Telling each survivor to ReassertValue makes it re-publish its last state; that
+        // re-publish reaches the publish actor via a multi-hop chain (host → child ReassertValue → child →
+        // parent EvaluationResult → OnResult → publish actor), so its AttributeValueUpdate lands AFTER
+        // RebuildAddressSpace in the publish actor's FIFO mailbox — the materialise runs before the write, and
+        // the node recovers. (The ordering does NOT come from ApplyVirtualTags itself reaching the publish
+        // actor — it doesn't; it goes to this host.) Fresh children are skipped (nothing to re-assert; their
+        // first dependency arrival publishes normally).
         foreach (var (vtagId, child) in _children)
         {
             if (newlySpawned.Contains(vtagId)) continue;
@@ -215,12 +219,16 @@ public sealed class VirtualTagHostActor : ReceiveActor
         _publishActor.Tell(new OpcUaPublishActor.AttributeValueUpdate(
             nodeId, result.Value, result.Quality, result.TimestampUtc, AddressSpaceRealm.Uns));
 
-        // Historize iff the plan opted in. Reuses _planByVtag (kept in lock-step with _children), so
-        // no parallel map. The historian path key is the SAME folder-scoped NodeId we just published
-        // to. For a computed value source == server, so both timestamps are the evaluation time. Bad
-        // results record BadInternalError (0x80020000u) — the dormant VirtualTagEngine's Bad-snapshot
-        // status — so the historian trend can distinguish a degraded sample from a Good one.
-        if (_planByVtag.TryGetValue(result.VirtualTagId, out var plan) && plan.Historize)
+        // Historize iff the plan opted in — but NEVER for a re-assert (M1). A re-assert re-publishes a
+        // stale last value stamped with a fresh deploy-time timestamp purely to repair the reset OPC UA
+        // node; recording it would append an artificial historian sample that never corresponded to a real
+        // evaluation (and, if the last state was Bad, a fabricated BadInternalError point). Reuses
+        // _planByVtag (kept in lock-step with _children), so no parallel map. The historian path key is the
+        // SAME folder-scoped NodeId we just published to. For a computed value source == server, so both
+        // timestamps are the evaluation time. Bad results record BadInternalError (0x80020000u) — the
+        // dormant VirtualTagEngine's Bad-snapshot status — so the historian trend can distinguish a degraded
+        // sample from a Good one.
+        if (!result.IsReassert && _planByVtag.TryGetValue(result.VirtualTagId, out var plan) && plan.Historize)
         {
             var status = result.Quality == OpcUaQuality.Good ? 0u : 0x80020000u /* BadInternalError — dormant-engine parity */;
             _history.Record(nodeId, new DataValueSnapshot(
diff --git a/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/VirtualTags/VirtualTagHostActorTests.cs b/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/VirtualTags/VirtualTagHostActorTests.cs
index cf86cf86..d74f7276 100644
--- a/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/VirtualTags/VirtualTagHostActorTests.cs
+++ b/tests/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Runtime.Tests/VirtualTags/VirtualTagHostActorTests.cs
@@ -519,6 +519,41 @@ public sealed class VirtualTagHostActorTests : RuntimeActorTestBase
         mux.ExpectNoMsg(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(200));
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// M1 (reassert review): a re-assert must PUBLISH (to repair the reset OPC UA node) but must NOT
+    /// re-record to the historian. Otherwise every deploy appends an artificial historian sample carrying a
+    /// stale value with a fresh deploy-time timestamp — a data-quality bug the moment a VT history sink is
+    /// bound. Historize=true survivor: first real evaluation records exactly once; the redeploy's re-assert
+    /// publishes a second time but the historian count stays 1.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void Reassert_of_a_historized_vtag_publishes_but_does_not_re_record_to_the_historian()
+    {
+        var publish = CreateTestProbe();
+        var mux = CreateTestProbe();
+        var writer = new CapturingHistoryWriter();
+        var host = Sys.ActorOf(VirtualTagHostActor.Props(publish.Ref, mux.Ref, new ConstOkEvaluator(7.0), writer));
+
+        var plan = new[] { PlanH("vt-1", "eq-1", "speed-rpm", historize: true) };
+        host.Tell(new VirtualTagHostActor.ApplyVirtualTags(plan));
+
+        mux.ExpectMsg<DependencyMuxActor.RegisterInterest>();
+        var child = mux.LastSender;
+
+        // First real evaluation → Good publish + exactly one historian record.
+        child.Tell(new VirtualTagActor.DependencyValueChanged("a", 1, DateTime.UtcNow));
+        publish.ExpectMsg<OpcUaPublishActor.AttributeValueUpdate>();
+        AwaitAssert(() => writer.Calls.Count.ShouldBe(1));
+
+        // Redeploy (unchanged plan) → the survivor re-asserts: a SECOND publish repairs the reset node.
+        host.Tell(new VirtualTagHostActor.ApplyVirtualTags(plan));
+        publish.ExpectMsg<OpcUaPublishActor.AttributeValueUpdate>();
+
+        // The publish landing means the reassert's OnResult turn is complete (Record runs on the same turn,
+        // right after the Tell) — so a second Record would already be visible. It must NOT be: still 1.
+        writer.Calls.Count.ShouldBe(1);
+    }
+
     /// <summary>Evaluator that always returns <c>Ok(value)</c> — a static-output VirtualTag whose recompute
     /// is dedup-suppressed after the first publish, so the re-assert path is the only way its reset node
     /// recovers.</summary>