# OPC UA Server

The OPC UA server component (`src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.OpcUaServer/OtOpcUaSdkServer.cs`) hosts the OPC UA stack and exposes one browsable subtree per registered driver. The server itself is driver-agnostic — Galaxy/MXAccess, Modbus, S7, AB CIP, AB Legacy, TwinCAT, FOCAS, and OPC UA Client are all plugged in as `IDriver` implementations via the capability interfaces in `src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core.Abstractions/`.

## Composition

`OtOpcUaServer` subclasses the OPC Foundation `StandardServer` and wires:

- A `DriverHost` (`src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/Hosting/DriverHost.cs`) which registers drivers and holds the per-instance `IDriver` references.
- One `DriverNodeManager` per registered driver (`src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/OpcUa/GenericDriverNodeManager.cs`), constructed in `CreateMasterNodeManager`. Each manager owns its own namespace URI (`urn:OtOpcUa:{DriverInstanceId}`) and exposes the driver as a subtree under the standard `Objects` folder.
- A `CapabilityInvoker` (`src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/Resilience/CapabilityInvoker.cs`) per driver instance, keyed on `(DriverInstanceId, HostName, DriverCapability)` against the shared `DriverResiliencePipelineBuilder`. Every Read/Write/Discovery/Subscribe/HistoryRead/AlarmSubscribe call on the driver flows through this invoker so the Polly pipeline (retry / timeout / breaker / bulkhead) applies. The OTOPCUA0001 Roslyn analyzer enforces the wrapping at compile time.
- An `IUserAuthenticator` (LDAP in production, injected stub in tests) for `UserName` token validation in the `ImpersonateUser` hook.
- Optional `AuthorizationGate` + `NodeScopeResolver` (Phase 6.2) that sit in front of every dispatch call. In lax mode the gate passes through when the identity lacks LDAP groups so existing integration tests keep working; strict mode (`Authorization:StrictMode = true`) denies those cases.

`OtOpcUaServer.DriverNodeManagers` exposes the materialized list so the hosting layer can walk each one post-start and call `GenericDriverNodeManager.BuildAddressSpaceAsync(manager)` — the manager is passed as its own `IAddressSpaceBuilder`.

## Configuration

Server wiring used to live in `appsettings.json`. It now flows from the SQL Server **Config DB**: `ServerInstance` + `DriverInstance` + `Tag` + `NodeAcl` rows are published as a *generation* via `sp_PublishGeneration` and loaded into the running process by the generation applier. The Admin UI (Blazor Server, `docs/v2/admin-ui.md`) is the operator surface — drafts accumulate edits; `sp_ComputeGenerationDiff` drives the DiffViewer preview; a UNS drag-reorder carries a `DraftRevisionToken` so Confirm re-checks against the current draft and returns 409 if it advanced (decision #161). See `docs/v2/config-db-schema.md` for the schema.

Environmental knobs that aren't per-tenant (bind address, port, PKI path) still live in `appsettings.json` on the Server project; everything tenant-scoped moved to the Config DB.

## Transport

The server binds one TCP endpoint per `ServerInstance` (default `opc.tcp://0.0.0.0:4840`). The `ApplicationConfiguration` is built programmatically in the `OpcUaApplicationHost` — there are no UA XML files. Security profiles (`None`, `Basic256Sha256-Sign`, `Basic256Sha256-SignAndEncrypt`) are resolved from the `ServerInstance.Security` JSON at startup; the default profile is still `None` for backward compatibility. User token policies (`Anonymous`, `UserName`) are attached based on whether LDAP is configured. See `docs/security.md` for hardening.

## Session impersonation

`OtOpcUaServer.OnImpersonateUser` handles the three token types:

- `AnonymousIdentityToken` → default anonymous `UserIdentity`.
- `UserNameIdentityToken` → `IUserAuthenticator.AuthenticateAsync` validates the credential (`LdapUserAuthenticator` in production). On success, the resolved display name + LDAP-derived roles are wrapped in a `RoleBasedIdentity` that implements `IRoleBearer`. `DriverNodeManager.OnWriteValue` reads these roles via `context.UserIdentity is IRoleBearer` and applies `WriteAuthzPolicy` per write.
- Anything else → `BadIdentityTokenInvalid`.

The Phase 6.2 `AuthorizationGate` runs on top of this baseline: when configured it consults the cluster's permission trie (loaded from `NodeAcl` rows) using the session's `UserAuthorizationState` and can deny Read / HistoryRead / Write / Browse independently per tag. See `docs/v2/acl-design.md`.

## Dispatch

Every service call the stack hands to `DriverNodeManager` is translated to the driver's capability interface and routed through `CapabilityInvoker`:

| Service | Capability | Invoker method |
|---|---|---|
| Read | `IReadable.ReadAsync` | `ExecuteAsync(DriverCapability.Read, host, …)` |
| Write | `IWritable.WriteAsync` | `ExecuteWriteAsync(host, isIdempotent, …)` — honors `WriteIdempotentAttribute` (#143) |
| CreateMonitoredItems / DeleteMonitoredItems | `ISubscribable.SubscribeAsync/UnsubscribeAsync` | `ExecuteAsync(DriverCapability.Subscribe, host, …)` |
| HistoryRead (raw / processed / at-time / events) | `IHistoryProvider.*Async` | `ExecuteAsync(DriverCapability.HistoryRead, host, …)` |
| ConditionRefresh / Acknowledge | `IAlarmSource.*Async` | via `AlarmSurfaceInvoker` (fans out per host) |

The host name fed to the invoker comes from `IPerCallHostResolver.ResolveHost(fullReference)` when the driver implements it (multi-host drivers: AB CIP, Modbus with per-device options). Single-host drivers fall back to `DriverInstanceId`, preserving pre-Phase-6.1 pipeline-key semantics (decision #144).

## Redundancy

`Redundancy.Enabled = true` on the `ServerInstance` activates the `RedundancyStateActor` + `ServiceLevelCalculator` (`src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.ControlPlane/Redundancy/`). Standard OPC UA redundancy nodes (`Server/ServerRedundancy/RedundancySupport`, `ServerUriArray`, `Server/ServiceLevel`) are populated on startup; `ServiceLevel` recomputes whenever any driver's `DriverHealth` changes. The apply-lease mechanism prevents two instances from concurrently applying a generation. See `docs/Redundancy.md`.

## Server class hierarchy

### OtOpcUaServer extends StandardServer

- **`CreateMasterNodeManager`** — Iterates `_driverHost.RegisteredDriverIds`, builds one `DriverNodeManager` per driver with its own `CapabilityInvoker` + resilience options (tier from `DriverTypeRegistry`, per-instance JSON overrides from `DriverInstance.ResilienceConfig` via `DriverResilienceOptionsParser`). The managers are wrapped in a `MasterNodeManager` with no additional core managers.
- **`OnServerStarted`** — Hooks `SessionManager.ImpersonateUser` for LDAP auth. Redundancy + server-capability population happens via `OpcUaApplicationHost`.
- **`LoadServerProperties`** — Manufacturer `OtOpcUa`, Product `OtOpcUa.Server`, ProductUri `urn:OtOpcUa:Server`.

### ServerCapabilities

`OpcUaApplicationHost` populates `Server/ServerCapabilities` with `StandardUA2017`, `en` locale, 100 ms `MinSupportedSampleRate`, 4 MB message caps, and per-operation limits (1000 per Read/Write/Browse/TranslateBrowsePaths/MonitoredItems/HistoryRead; 0 for MethodCall/NodeManagement/HistoryUpdate).

## Certificate handling

Certificate stores default to `%LOCALAPPDATA%\OPC Foundation\pki\` (directory-based):

| Store | Path suffix |
|---|---|
| Own | `pki/own` |
| Trusted issuers | `pki/issuer` |
| Trusted peers | `pki/trusted` |
| Rejected | `pki/rejected` |

`Security.AutoAcceptClientCertificates` (default `true`) and `RejectSHA1Certificates` (default `true`) are honored. The server certificate is always created — even for `None`-only deployments — because `UserName` token encryption needs it.

## Key source files

- `src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.OpcUaServer/OtOpcUaSdkServer.cs` — `StandardServer` subclass
- `src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.OpcUaServer/OpcUaApplicationHost.cs` — programmatic `ApplicationConfiguration` + lifecycle + `ImpersonateUser` hook
- `src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.OpcUaServer/OtOpcUaNodeManager.cs` — SDK node manager + write-only address-space sink
- `src/Server/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.OpcUaServer/SdkAddressSpaceSink.cs` — `IOpcUaAddressSpaceSink` adapter the actor system pushes into
- `src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/OpcUa/GenericDriverNodeManager.cs` — per-driver discovery + dispatch surface
- `src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/Hosting/DriverHost.cs` — driver registration
- `src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/Resilience/CapabilityInvoker.cs` — Polly pipeline entry point
- `src/Core/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Core/Authorization/` — permission trie + evaluator (`PermissionTrie`, `PermissionTrieCache`, `TriePermissionEvaluator`)
