# v3 — Kepware-style Raw tree + UNS projection (two-subtree address space)

**Date:** 2026-07-15
**Status:** Design approved (brainstorming complete) — **revised 2026-07-15 after a
codebase-grounded design review** (identity contract added, delegate mechanism reworded,
`{{equip}}` redesigned, Device-table materialization scoped, Batch 1 re-scoped, ScadaBridge
claim corrected, `WriteIdempotent` restored), then reconciled with the pre-v3 universal
discovery browser (`2026-07-15-universal-discovery-browser-design.md`). **All open items
resolved 2026-07-15** (live historian probe, SDK source spike, code audits; see
[Open items](#open-items)). Ready for implementation planning.
**Version:** Next major version (v3). The project has no git tags; "v2" is the conceptual
current major (the Akka-fused rebuild, `docs/v2/`), so this is v3.

## Summary

Restructure how drivers and tags are managed so the OPC UA server exposes **two subtrees**:

1. **Raw** — a Kepware-style, driver-centric tree that is the literal I/O map and the
   **single source of truth** for every value node.
2. **UNS** — a semantic re-organization (Area → Line → Equipment) that **references** raw
   tags rather than authoring them.

This is a compatibility-breaking architectural change. It is **greenfield** — no production
config data is preserved; dev rigs are re-seeded against a fresh schema.

## Decisions (locked)

- **Raw is the source of truth; UNS references it.** A tag is authored once, under a driver
  in the Raw tree. UNS holds references that re-point existing raw tags into equipment. One
  tag, two views — rename/retype in Raw propagates automatically *within the server*.
  (Rename is **not** free downstream: it changes the RawPath and therefore the NodeId,
  the default historian tagname, script literals, and external raw bindings — see
  [Error handling / edge cases](#error-handling--edge-cases).)
- **Raw hierarchy:** `Cluster → Folder(s, nestable) → Driver → Device → TagGroup(s, nestable) → Tag`.
  Full Kepware parity.
- **Raw is global, cluster-rooted**, mirroring the existing global `/uns` page (which is
  Enterprise → Cluster → Area → …). Each *running* server still exposes only **its own**
  cluster's two subtrees in its OPC UA address space.
- **UNS authoring is reference-only (clean break).** The Equipment editor no longer binds a
  driver or defines `TagConfig`; it references existing raw tags (with an optional UNS
  display-name override) and continues to host VirtualTags + scripted alarms.
- **OPC UA exposure:** two namespaces — `ns=Raw` (device-path NodeIds, stable **absent
  rename**, always on) and `ns=UNS` (equipment-path NodeIds). UNS nodes `Organizes →` their
  backing raw nodes.
- **UNS ↔ Raw linkage = single value source, fanned out (not delegation, not independent
  buffering).** The driver publish path remains the *only* writer of tag values. A UNS node
  is a second NodeId registered against the same driver ref in the existing 1:N value
  fan-out map (`DriverHostActor._nodeIdByDriverRef`) and the write inverse map
  (`_driverRefByNodeId`). Both node states hold the value the single publish path wrote —
  no independent buffer exists, so no drift is possible. *(Reworded from the original
  "delegate/redirect": the OPC Foundation stack as used here has no OnRead delegation path —
  monitored items sample the stored `BaseDataVariableState.Value` — and the fan-out map is
  already explicitly 1:N. The intent, one source of truth, is delivered by the existing
  machinery.)*
- **Tag creation is capability-based:** manual entry + CSV import/export for **all** drivers;
  live **Browse** gated by the **two-tier browser resolution** landing before v3
  (`docs/plans/2026-07-15-universal-discovery-browser-design.md`): bespoke `IDriverBrowser`
  first (OpcUaClient, Galaxy), else the universal `DiscoveryDriverBrowser` when the driver's
  `ITagDiscovery.SupportsOnlineDiscovery` is true (AbCip, TwinCAT, FOCAS at v3 time; future
  discovery drivers for free), else manual entry. Flat-address drivers (Modbus, S7, AbLegacy)
  stay manual-entry by nature.
- **Calculated tags — two-tier:**
  - *Signal-level* calcs = raw tags bound to a **`Calculation` pseudo-driver** whose value
    source is the existing Roslyn scripting engine. They reuse the entire raw pipeline
    (folders, CSV, historization, native alarms, UNS references) with no special-casing.
  - *Equipment-context* calcs stay as **UNS VirtualTags** (unchanged) — `{{equip}}`
    templating and per-equipment instantiation are inherently UNS concepts.
  - Author rule: *inputs/meaning all device/signal-level → Raw; needs equipment context or
    spans equipment → UNS VirtualTag.*
- **Migration:** greenfield / reset. Fresh schema; re-seed dev rigs. No data-migration code.
- **Build approach:** phased (Approach B) — clean schema, but **reuse** the existing typed
  driver forms, `TagConfig` editors, and `IDriverProbe`s inside the new tree/popup shell.

## Current state (baseline being replaced)

- A **`ServerCluster`** (PK `ClusterId`) owns a **flat list** of `DriverInstance` rows — there
  is **no folder/grouping** construct for drivers today.
- Drivers have `Device` rows (multi-device drivers only) and `PollGroup` rows. **Caveat
  (review finding):** the `Device` EF table is **vestigial** — no production code path writes
  it; the "multi-device" drivers (AbCip, AbLegacy, TwinCAT, FOCAS) embed a `Devices[]` array
  inside `DriverConfig` JSON, and single-endpoint drivers embed `Host`/`EndpointUrl` in
  `DriverConfig`. v3 materializes the table for real — see the Device entry below.
- **`Tag`** binds to a driver via `DriverInstanceId` + schemaless `TagConfig` JSON and lives
  either under an `Equipment` (`EquipmentId`) or at a namespace-root `FolderPath`.
- **Tag identity today is `FullName`, which is *derived*, not stored**: `TagConfigIntent.Parse`
  re-derives it from `TagConfig` at every seam. Galaxy/OpcUaClient write an explicit
  `"FullName"` key (dotted/opaque ref); **the six protocol drivers do not — their FullName is
  the entire raw `TagConfig` JSON blob.** That one string is simultaneously the driver
  wire-ref (`EquipmentTagRefResolver` key), the value fan-out key, the write-routing target,
  the historian default tagname + mux interest key, the native-alarm `ConditionId` (both
  directions), and the `ctx.GetTag("…")` script path. v3 replaces it — see
  [v3 identity contract](#v3-identity-contract-rawpath).
- The **UNS tree** (Enterprise → Cluster → Area → Line → Equipment → Tag/VirtualTag) is the
  **only** authored tree and is what the address space exposes. NodeIds are
  **logical-id-based** (`{EquipmentId}/{FolderPath}/{Name}` via `EquipmentNodeIds`), in a
  **single custom OPC UA namespace** (`https://zb.com/otopcua/ns`).
- Driver authoring is a page-per-type flow: `/clusters/{id}/drivers` → `DriverTypePicker` →
  8 typed Razor pages (`ModbusDriverPage`, …) dispatched by `DriverEditRouter._componentMap`.
- `DriverType` dispatch is duplicated in ≥4 hard-coded places with pre-existing string
  mismatches: `TwinCAT`/`TwinCat`, `FOCAS`/`Focas`, `GalaxyMxGateway`/`galaxy`
  (`DriverEditRouter`, `TagConfigEditorMap`, `TagConfigValidator`,
  `EquipmentTagConfigInspector`).
- Runtime: Akka actors — `DriverHostActor` (per node/role) → `DriverInstanceActor` (per
  driver) — bind driver values through `EquipmentTagRefResolver`/`TagConfig.FullName`.
- Address-space pipeline: `AddressSpace*` (Composer → Composition → Planner → Plan → Applier).

## v3 identity contract (RawPath)

The single most load-bearing change in v3. The blob-as-FullName convention is replaced by one
canonical identity string used at **every** seam:

**`RawPath`** — the cluster-scoped raw device path, slash-separated:
`<Folder/…>/<Driver>/<Device>/<TagGroup/…>/<Tag>`. It is simultaneously:

| Seam | Today's key | v3 key |
|---|---|---|
| `ns=Raw` NodeId | — (no raw tree) | `s=<RawPath>` |
| Driver wire-ref (`EquipmentTagRefResolver`) | FullName (= TagConfig blob for 6/8 drivers) | RawPath |
| Value fan-out (`_nodeIdByDriverRef`) | `(DriverInstanceId, FullName)` | `(DriverInstanceId, RawPath)` |
| Write routing (`WriteAttribute`) | FullName | RawPath |
| Historian default tagname + `MuxRef` | FullName | RawPath (override via `historianTagname` unchanged) |
| Native-alarm `ConditionId` | FullName | RawPath |
| Script `ctx.GetTag` path / mux dependency ref | FullName | RawPath |

**Driver-side resolution changes in all 8 drivers.** The `EquipmentTagRefResolver`'s
`_byName` branch becomes the primary path: each deploy hands the driver its authored raw tags
keyed by RawPath, and the driver looks the ref up to obtain the `TagConfig`-derived
definition. The per-driver `EquipmentTagParser` blob-fallback (e.g. S7's leading-`{`
convention) is retired; ad-hoc/unparsed refs are no longer a supported input. This is
per-driver work and is scoped into Batch 1 (see Build plan).

**`TagConfig` no longer carries identity.** For Galaxy/OpcUaClient the address
(`tag_name.AttributeName` / upstream node-id) stays inside `TagConfig` as an ordinary
driver-specific address field — it is what the driver *dials*, not what the system *keys on*.
`TagConfigIntent` sheds its FullName-derivation role.

**TagConfig key normalization (greenfield, decided):** with identity gone from `TagConfig`,
two legacy conventions are cleaned up: (a) the PascalCase `"FullName"` key (OpcUaClient,
Galaxy — the case-sensitive `TagConfigIntent` contract) becomes an ordinary camelCase
address key — `nodeId` for OpcUaClient, `attributeRef` for Galaxy; (b) the
`deviceHostAddress` key (AbCip, AbLegacy, TwinCAT, FOCAS) is **dropped entirely** — the
tag's `DeviceId` FK now owns device placement, so the key is structurally redundant.

**Historian tagname limit — live-verified 2026-07-15 against the real AVEVA historian**
(wonder-sql-vd03 via the local HistorianGateway, `grpcurl` probe): tagnames are accepted up
to **255 characters** (256 is rejected — `EnsureTag returned false`); `/`, space, `-`, `_`,
and `.` are all accepted; path-shaped names round-trip **byte-exactly** through
`EnsureTags → WriteLiveValues → ReadRaw` with GOOD (192) quality, and wildcard browse works.
**Policy:** a historized tag whose *effective* historian tagname (override else RawPath)
exceeds 255 characters is a **`DraftValidator` deploy error** telling the author to set a
shorter `historianTagname` override — never a silent truncation.

## Data model (greenfield schema)

### Raw side
- **`RawFolder`** *(new)* — nestable driver-organizing folder. `RawFolderId` PK, `ClusterId`
  FK, nullable `ParentRawFolderId` (null = root under cluster), `Name`, `SortOrder`.
- **`DriverInstance`** *(reshaped)* — gains nullable `RawFolderId` (null = cluster root).
  Keeps `ClusterId`, `DriverType`, `DriverConfig`, `ResilienceConfig`. **Drops** per-driver
  `NamespaceId`. The **`Namespace` entity, `NamespaceKind`, and `NamespaceKindCompatibility`
  are retired outright** — the two OPC UA namespaces are implicit (see Address space).
  `NamespaceKind.Simulated` **verified vestigial 2026-07-15**: it is a reserved enum member,
  a "reserved" dropdown option in `NamespaceEdit.razor`, and a `NamespaceKindCompatibility`
  flag documented "future Simulated namespace (replay driver — not in v2.0)" — no driver
  declares it, no seed populates it, and the composer filters on `Kind == Equipment` only.
  Retired with the entity; a future replay/simulator driver is simply another Raw
  `DriverType`, which the v3 model handles natively.
- **`Device`** *(materialized for real, now universal)* — `DeviceId` PK, `DriverInstanceId`
  FK, `Name`, `DeviceConfig` JSON. **Every driver has ≥1 device**; single-endpoint drivers
  (S7, TwinCAT, FOCAS, OpcUaClient, Galaxy, Calculation) get an auto-created *default*
  device. **Endpoint/connection settings move from `DriverConfig` into `DeviceConfig`** for
  all drivers (the Kepware channel/device split: `DriverConfig` keeps protocol/channel-level
  settings; `DeviceConfig` carries host/endpoint + per-device settings). This retires the
  embedded `Devices[]` arrays in the four multi-device drivers' `DriverConfig` and reworks
  their options schemas, Razor pages, `DeviceConfigIntent`, the artifact device-host map, and
  runtime driver spawning. *(Review finding: this is real migration work, not a "kept" table
  — it is explicitly scoped into Batches 1–2.)*
- **`TagGroup`** *(new)* — nestable tag folder under a device. `TagGroupId` PK, `DeviceId` FK,
  nullable `ParentTagGroupId`, `Name`, `SortOrder`.
- **`Tag`** *(reshaped → raw-only)* — `TagId` PK, `DeviceId` FK (required), nullable
  `TagGroupId`, `Name`, `DataType`, `AccessLevel`, **`WriteIdempotent`** *(retained — dropping
  it would regress the R2 resilience fix)*, nullable `PollGroupId`, `TagConfig` JSON.
  **Drops `EquipmentId` and `FolderPath`.**
- **`PollGroup`** *(unchanged)* — driver-scoped polling groups.

### UNS side
- **`UnsArea → UnsLine → Equipment`** *(kept)* — but `Equipment` **loses** its
  `DriverInstanceId`/`DeviceId` binding.
- **`UnsTagReference`** *(new)* — the projection. `EquipmentId` FK, `TagId` FK (→ raw tag),
  nullable `DisplayNameOverride`, `SortOrder`.
- **`VirtualTag`, `ScriptedAlarm`** *(unchanged)* — per-equipment, UNS-native.
- The orphaned `EquipmentImportBatch`/`EquipmentImportRow` tables (never wired to any service
  or UI) are **dropped** in the greenfield schema.

### Uniqueness + naming rules *(new — required by path-shaped NodeIds)*
- Sibling-name uniqueness at every raw level: `RawFolder (ClusterId, ParentRawFolderId, Name)`,
  `DriverInstance (ClusterId, RawFolderId, Name)`, `Device (DriverInstanceId, Name)`,
  `TagGroup (DeviceId, ParentTagGroupId, Name)`, `Tag (DeviceId, TagGroupId, Name)` — all
  unique (filtered indexes for the nullable parents), mirroring today's careful unique-index
  conventions.
- Raw names forbid `/` (and leading/trailing whitespace) — validated at authoring; `/` is the
  RawPath separator and would corrupt NodeIds.
- **UNS effective-leaf uniqueness:** within an equipment, the *effective* name
  (`DisplayNameOverride` else the raw tag's `Name`) must be unique **across references,
  VirtualTags, and ScriptedAlarms**. Enforced at authoring (service-level check) **and** at
  deploy time in `DraftValidator` — the deploy gate is what catches rename-induced collisions
  (a raw rename can create a clash the authoring check never saw).

### Integrity rules
- Deleting a raw `Tag` is **blocked while any `UnsTagReference` points at it**; the UI names
  the referencing equipment.
- `RawFolder`/`TagGroup` deletes are **blocked when non-empty** (matches today's
  `OnDelete(Restrict)` convention).
- The default `Device` of a single-endpoint driver cannot be deleted while it holds tags.

## AdminUI — the Raw project tree (`/raw`)

New global page **`/raw`** (peer to `/uns`), a lazy, cluster-rooted project tree mirroring
`GlobalUns` + `UnsTree`. Every node type has a **right-click context menu**; actions open
**modals** instead of navigating to a separate page:

- **Folder** — New folder / New driver / Rename / Delete.
- **Driver** — Configure / Test connect / New device / Enable-Disable / Rename / Delete.
- **Device** — Configure / New tag-group / Add tags ▸ / Delete.
- **TagGroup** — New group / Add tags ▸ / Rename / Delete.
- **Tag** — Edit / Delete.

**New AdminUI infrastructure (review finding — budget for it in Batch 2):**
- **Right-click context menus do not exist anywhere in the Blazor app** (the only
  `ContextMenu` is in the Avalonia desktop client). A reusable `oncontextmenu` component is
  new build, including keyboard/touch fallback (an explicit "⋯" affordance per node so the
  menu is reachable without right-click).
- **Lazy tree loading is plumbed but never exercised**: `UnsNode.HasLazyChildren`/`Loading`
  exist, but `GlobalUns` eager-loads the whole structure. `/raw` wires lazy loading for the
  first time (per-device tag counts can be large).

**Reuse (not rebuild):**
- *Configure driver* hosts the existing typed driver forms (`ModbusDriverPage` et al.)
  refactored into embeddable form bodies inside a `DriverConfigModal`. The shared inner
  sections already exist (`DriverFormShell`, `DriverIdentitySection`, `DriverTestConnectButton`,
  `DriverResilienceSection`); what moves out of each ~500-line page is the page-owned
  `@page` route, `EditForm`, ClusterNav header, DB load, and post-save navigation.
- *Test connect* uses the existing `DriverTestConnectButton` + `IDriverProbe` path (transient
  config, no persistence).
- *Edit tag* uses the existing per-driver `TagConfig` editors via `TagConfigEditorMap`.

**Add tags ▸ (capability-based)** on a Device or TagGroup:
- **Manual entry** — grid: name, datatype, access + the driver-typed `TagConfig` editor.
- **Import/Export CSV** — columns `Name, TagGroupPath, DataType, AccessLevel,
  <driver-typed columns…>, TagConfigJson`. Per-driver column dictionaries are **decided**
  (see the appendix "CSV column dictionaries"); the nested `alarm` object rides flat
  dotted sub-columns (`alarm.alarmType`, `alarm.severity`, `alarm.historizeToAveva`);
  anything else non-flat rides the `TagConfigJson` fallback column. Staged
  parse → review grid → commit (RFC 4180 parser). Export round-trips the same shape.
  *(Review correction: the previously cited `EquipmentImportBatch` staged flow is **orphaned
  dead code** — never referenced by any service or UI — and today's live equipment import is
  a naive non-staged, comma-split, metadata-only path with **no tag import at all**. The tag
  CSV importer is a from-scratch feature, including an RFC 4180 parser; the orphaned tables
  are dropped, not extended.)*
- **Browse device…** — enabled per the two-tier resolution in `BrowserSessionService`
  (bespoke browser → universal `DiscoveryDriverBrowser` when `SupportsOnlineDiscovery` →
  manual entry; see `docs/plans/2026-07-15-universal-discovery-browser-design.md`, which
  lands **before v3** against the current picker); grayed out with a tooltip when neither
  tier applies. **v3 re-targets the browse commit** (the session/tree layer —
  `IBrowseSession`, `BrowseSessionRegistry`, `DriverBrowseTree` — is reused as-is):
  - *Commit contract:* multi-selected leaves become **raw `Tag` rows** under the target
    Device/TagGroup — `Name` from the leaf's browse name, `DataType` from
    `DriverAttributeInfo`, and the leaf's driver reference (`attr.FullName`) written into
    the **driver-typed `TagConfig` as an address field**. Under the v3 identity contract
    that value is what the driver *dials*, not the system identity — the tag's identity is
    its RawPath. (The universal-browser doc's "commit `TagConfig.FullName`" wording
    describes the pre-v3 picker; see its v3 forward note.)
  - *Folder mirroring:* the captured browse folder nesting is offered as an opt-in
    "create matching tag-groups" toggle — browse folders map naturally onto nested
    `TagGroup`s.
  - *Config input:* v3 moves endpoints into `DeviceConfig`, so the browse modal passes the
    **merged Driver + Device config** as the browser's `configJson` (the universal browser
    connects a real ephemeral driver instance; it needs the device endpoint).

**Cleanup folded in:** canonicalize the `DriverType` strings to a single source of truth —
one constants class consumed by `DriverEditRouter`, `TagConfigEditorMap`,
`TagConfigValidator`, and `EquipmentTagConfigInspector` (the four drifted dispatch maps),
with the driver factories' `DriverTypeName` as the authority (`TwinCAT`, `FOCAS`,
`GalaxyMxGateway`).

## UNS Equipment — reference-only

The `/uns` tree is unchanged; the **Equipment Tags tab** becomes a reference list:
- Remove the driver dropdown and inline `TagConfig` editor from the equipment Tag flow.
- **"+ Add reference"** opens a picker into the Raw tree, **scoped to the same cluster** as
  the equipment (cross-cluster references are structurally impossible), with **multi-select**
  to pull many raw tags at once.
- Each row is a `UnsTagReference`: shows the raw path, inherited datatype/access (read-only),
  and an optional display-name override.
- **VirtualTags and scripted alarms** stay as they are, **except the `{{equip}}` seam, which
  is redesigned** (see Scripting below) — the current derivation (shared first-dot prefix of
  child-tag FullNames) cannot survive reference-only equipment.
- The old `ImportEquipmentModal` drops its `DriverInstanceId` column (equipment no longer
  carries a driver).
- *Deferred to a follow-up:* pattern/CSV-based auto-linking of raw → UNS.

## Scripting — paths and `{{equip}}` under v3

- **`ctx.GetTag("…")` takes a RawPath.** The mux dependency refs, the read-cache keys, and
  the Monaco tag catalog all move to RawPath (the catalog lists raw tags by RawPath;
  VirtualTags stay by bare name).
- **`{{equip}}` is redefined as reference-relative resolution** (replaces prefix
  derivation): `ctx.GetTag("{{equip}}/<RefName>")` resolves **through the equipment's
  `UnsTagReference` rows by effective name** to the backing RawPath, at the same two compose
  seams that substitute today (`AddressSpaceComposer` + `DeploymentArtifact`). An unresolved
  `<RefName>` is a **deploy-time validation error** (better than today's silent
  null-base no-substitution). This decouples equipment scripts from raw topology — exactly
  what per-equipment instantiation wants — and gives Monaco a well-defined
  equipment-relative completion list (the reference effective names).
- Alarm `{TagPath}` message tokens follow the same rule.

## OPC UA address space + runtime binding

Runs through the existing `AddressSpace*` pipeline. **Two namespaces per server** (each
running cluster exposes only its own):

- **`ns=Raw`** — NodeIds are `s=<RawPath>`. Folders/drivers/devices/tag-groups are
  `Object`/`Folder` nodes; tags are `Variable` nodes. Stable absent rename.
- **`ns=UNS`** — NodeIds are equipment paths: `s=<Area>/<Line>/<Equipment>/<EffectiveName>`.
  Area/Line/Equipment are folders; each `UnsTagReference` is a UNS variable node.

**UNS ↔ Raw = single source, fan-out** (see Decisions): the raw and UNS variable nodes are
two NodeIds registered against the same `(DriverInstanceId, RawPath)` in the existing 1:N
forward map; the write inverse map gains the UNS NodeId → same ref entry. An `Organizes`
reference UNS → Raw makes the linkage browsable.

**Runtime binding flows through Raw only.** Driver-host actors bind driver values to **raw**
tag nodes via the RawPath contract. UNS nodes never bind a driver directly. Writes to a UNS
node route to the raw node's driver (same `WriteOperate` gating).

**Historian via UNS (explicit registration, not automatic):** the raw node carries
`Historizing=true` and the `_historizedTagnames` entry; the UNS reference node is registered
with the **same** historian tagname and the HistoryRead access bit, so HistoryRead works
against either NodeId. The mux `HistorizedTagRef` stays single (keyed by RawPath) — no double
historization.

**Alarms/events across the two namespaces:** a native alarm condition is a **single
condition instance** materialized at the raw tag (parent = its device/group folder, which is
promoted to an event notifier, as equipment folders are today). Each *referencing*
equipment's UNS folder is **also** registered as an event notifier surfacing that same
condition, so a client subscribed at the equipment sees native alarm events without touching
`ns=Raw`. `/alerts` row identity: **one row per condition**, primary identity = RawPath +
condition NodeId; `AlarmTransitionEvent` gains the (possibly empty) list of referencing
equipment paths for display. Scripted alarms stay per-equipment in `ns=UNS`, unchanged.

*SDK spike resolved (2026-07-15, verified against the vendored UA-.NETStandard source):*
**native multi-notifier wiring is supported — use it; do NOT duplicate `ReportEvent`.**
`NodeState.ReportEvent` bubbles through the single HasComponent parent chain **plus every
inverse entry in the node's notifier list**, so one condition fans one event to any number
of notifier roots. Per additional (non-parent) root folder:

```csharp
alarm.AddNotifier(SystemContext, null, isInverse: true,  extraFolder); // upward bubble
extraFolder.AddNotifier(SystemContext, null, isInverse: false, alarm); // downward AreEventsMonitored
EnsureFolderIsEventNotifier(extraFolder);                              // SubscribeToEvents + AddRootNotifier
```

(the exact pattern the SDK's own `TestDataNodeManager` quickstart exercises). A single
`alarm.ReportEvent(...)` then reaches every wired root; Server-object subscribers get
**one** copy because the shared `InstanceStateSnapshot` reference is deduped by the event
queue. The duplicate-report fallback is rejected: per-root re-reporting mints distinct
`EventId`s/snapshots, defeating the dedup (double delivery to Server-object subscribers) and
breaking Part 9 ack correlation. Two implementation obligations: **teardown symmetry**
(`RemoveNotifier(..., bidirectional: true)` alongside the existing `RemoveRootNotifier`
paths on rebuild/subtree-removal, tracked like `_notifierFolders`, or inverse-notifier
entries leak across redeploys) and a Batch 4 live check that a Server-object subscriber
receives exactly one copy per transition while folder-scoped subscribers in each namespace
receive the condition's events.

**Sink interface changes carry the forwarding trap:** `IOpcUaAddressSpaceSink` /
`ISurgicalAddressSpaceSink` methods gain a Raw/UNS discriminator (or NodeIds become
namespace-qualified). Every new or changed method **must** forward through
`DeferredAddressSpaceSink`, and `DeferredSinkForwardingReflectionTests` must be extended to
cover the new surface — this is part of Batch 4's definition of done, not an afterthought.

**Cross-repo impact (corrected + sized 2026-07-15):** ScadaBridge's Data Connection Layer
does **not** keep its bindings — today's NodeIds are logical-id-based
(`{EquipmentId}/{FolderPath}/{Name}`), v3's are name-path-based in new namespaces.
**Every ScadaBridge binding re-binds.** The re-bind is a *data* migration, not a code
rewrite: ScadaBridge treats the reference as an opaque `NodeId.Parse`-able string held in
exactly **two DB columns** (`TemplateAttribute.DataSourceReference`,
`InstanceConnectionBinding.DataSourceReferenceOverride`) plus native-alarm source refs,
heartbeat `TagPath`s, and any exported Transport bundles — nothing parses the shape.
The fragile part: stored references hard-code the **namespace index** (`ns=2;…`) and
ScadaBridge stores no namespace URI, so v3's new namespaces invalidate every stored index.
**Cutover plan:** (1) v3.0 lands and rigs re-seed; (2) ScadaBridge re-authors bindings via
its existing OPC UA picker (greenfield means no reliable automatic old→new mapping);
(3) recommend ScadaBridge move to `nsu=`-qualified references while re-binding, so future
namespace-table changes can't strand it again (ScadaBridge-side follow-up); (4) update the
scadaproj umbrella index when the contract lands.

## Calculated tags (two-tier)

- **`Calculation` pseudo-driver** *(new DriverType)* — signal-level calc tags are raw tags
  bound to this driver. Registered in `DriverTypeRegistry` like any driver; a single default
  `Engine` device; the tag's `TagConfig` holds a **script reference** (`ScriptId`) plus the
  **trigger model mirrored from VirtualTags**: `changeTriggered` (re-evaluate on any input
  change) and/or `timerIntervalMs` (≥ 50), at least one required. Inputs are `ctx.GetTag`
  RawPath literals resolved through the same dependency mux; the value source is the existing
  Roslyn engine (publish gate, Monaco editor, script-log all reused). **Cycle rule:** the
  calc-tag dependency graph (calc → calc edges) is checked at deploy; a cycle is a
  `DraftValidator` error. No PollGroups; the driver's `IDriverProbe` is a script-compile
  check. It inherits folders, CSV, historization, native alarms, and UNS references for free.
- **UNS VirtualTags** *(unchanged)* — retained for equipment-context computations that need
  `{{equip}}` templating / per-equipment instantiation.
- **Author rule:** signal-level → Raw (`Calculation` driver); equipment-context or
  cross-equipment → UNS VirtualTag.
- **Mini-design complete:** `docs/plans/2026-07-15-calculation-driver-mini-design.md`
  (2026-07-15) — driver shape (`IDriver + ISubscribable + IReadable`, not writable/browsable),
  the new `IDependencyConsumer` capability interface feeding the driver from the existing
  per-node dependency mux, shared `Script` entity via `TagConfig.scriptId`, change-trigger
  via mux + timer-trigger by reviving the dormant `TimerTriggerScheduler` inside the driver,
  deploy gates (scriptId existence + Tarjan cycle check via the dormant `DependencyGraph`;
  compile deliberately NOT hard-gated, parity with VirtualTags), and VT-parity error
  semantics (Bad + last-known value + script-log). Calc-of-calc chains work for free because
  published calc values re-enter the mux — which is exactly why the cycle gate is mandatory
  (an undetected cycle is a live oscillation loop).

## Build plan (Approach B — phased)

*(Re-sliced after review: the original Batch 1 was unbuildable — dropping `Tag.EquipmentId`/
`FolderPath` and `Equipment.DriverInstanceId` breaks the composer, artifact, runtime binding,
`DraftValidator`, `UnsTreeService`, and `EquipmentPage` at compile time. Batch 1 now owns
that rewiring explicitly; the address space is intentionally dark until Batch 4.)*

| Batch | Content | Verification |
|---|---|---|
| **1 — Schema + identity rewiring** | Greenfield EF model + migration + dev-rig re-seed; **RawPath identity contract** through `TagConfigIntent`-successor, all 8 drivers' resolvers (retire blob-fallback parsers), composer/artifact/`DriverHostActor`/`DraftValidator`/`UnsTreeService` rewired to the new shape; endpoint→`DeviceConfig` move incl. the 4 embedded-`Devices[]` drivers. Address space composes hierarchy-only/empty (**dark until Batch 4**) | build/test green incl. golden-corpus rewrite; migration applies; seed loads |
| **2 — Raw UI** | `/raw` project tree (lazy loading + new context-menu component), driver config/test modals, tag manual/CSV/browse (**depends on the universal `DiscoveryDriverBrowser` having landed pre-v3**; Batch 2 re-targets its commit to raw Tag rows + merged Driver+Device config), `Calculation` driver | Live `/run` on docker-dev `:9200`: author a driver + tags in-tree, Test-connect green, browse-commit raw tags from a discovery-capable driver, author a calc tag. **This gate proves authoring + probe only — no values are observable until Batch 4** |
| **3 — UNS rework** | Equipment reference-only, raw-tag multi-select picker, effective-name uniqueness, `{{equip}}` reference-relative resolution | Live `/run`: reference raw tags into an equipment; display-name override shows; deploy-gate rejects a reference collision |
| **4 — Address space** | Dual namespace, UNS fan-out registration, raw-only binding, alarm/event dual-notifier, historian dual-registration, sink-interface namespace discriminator + `DeferredAddressSpaceSink` forwarding (+ reflection-test extension) | Live `/run` + Client.CLI: browse both namespaces, read/write through both, HistoryRead + native alarm at raw visible via UNS, `{{equip}}` script resolves |

Batches are sequential; batch 4 landing = **v3.0**.

## Testing strategy

- **Unit** (xUnit + Shouldly): schema integrity rules (block delete-while-referenced,
  non-empty folder delete, sibling-name uniqueness, effective-name collision), CSV
  round-trip, `DriverType` canonicalization, RawPath resolution per driver, UNS-reference
  resolution, `{{equip}}` reference-relative substitution + unresolved-ref rejection,
  calc-tag cycle detection, `Calculation` driver value production.
- **Integration** (`*.IntegrationTests`): address-space builder emits both namespaces with
  correct NodeIds; UNS node receives the raw value via fan-out; write via UNS NodeId reaches
  the driver; native alarm event visible at both notifiers.
- **Live verification per batch — non-negotiable.** This project has a repeated history of
  prod-inertness bugs that unit tests + review missed (e.g. the `DeferredAddressSpaceSink`
  forwarding trap). Every batch gets a docker-dev `/run` gate before it is "done."

## Error handling / edge cases

- **Dangling reference guard** — raw tag delete blocked while referenced; UI names the
  equipment.
- **Rename cascade (the price of path-shaped identity)** — renaming a raw tag, or any
  ancestor folder/driver/device/group, changes the RawPath and therefore: the `ns=Raw` NodeId
  (client subscriptions to the old NodeId break), the default historian tagname (history
  continues under a **new** tag unless a `historianTagname` override pins it), `ctx.GetTag`
  literals in scripts (deploy-gate error for `{{equip}}` refs; silent `BadNodeIdUnknown` for
  absolute RawPath literals), and external raw bindings (ScadaBridge). Mitigations: the UI
  **warns on rename** when the tag is historized, UNS-referenced, or matched by a script
  literal; historian continuity is achieved by setting `historianTagname` before renaming.
  This is Kepware-equivalent behavior, accepted deliberately.
  *Script-literal detection for the rename warning (decided):* a **substring scan of
  `Script` bodies for the old RawPath** at rename time, service-level. The compose-time
  dependency-ref index only exists per deploy (stale at authoring time), and a warning
  tolerates false positives — the scan is cheap, always current, and needs no new
  bookkeeping. `{{equip}}`-relative refs don't need scanning at all: they resolve through
  `UnsTagReference` rows, so a rename can't silently strand them (the deploy gate catches
  any resulting breakage).
- **Datatype change on a referenced raw tag** — propagates to UNS (raw is truth); if it
  breaks a UNS consumer, that surfaces at browse/subscribe time (documented, not silently
  patched).
- **Single-endpoint driver default device** — auto-created, uniform in the tree, undeletable
  while holding tags.
- **Capability-gated browse** — non-browsable drivers show a disabled action + tooltip, never
  a broken picker.
- **Cross-cluster reference** — structurally impossible (the UNS picker is cluster-scoped).
- **UNS effective-name collision** — rejected at authoring; rename-induced collisions caught
  by the `DraftValidator` deploy gate with a clear error naming both sources.

## Out of scope for v3.0 (follow-ups)

- Pattern/CSV-based auto-linking of raw → UNS references.
- Address-entry assistance for the genuinely non-browsable flat-address drivers
  (Modbus/Modbus-RTU/S7/AB-Legacy) via per-protocol template catalogs. *(Narrowed from the
  original follow-up: AbCip/TwinCAT/FOCAS gain live browse pre-v3 via the universal
  `DiscoveryDriverBrowser` — see `docs/plans/2026-07-15-universal-discovery-browser-design.md`.)*
- Optional Raw-namespace hiding toggle (security-sensitive deployments exposing only UNS).

## Appendix — CSV column dictionaries (decided 2026-07-15)

Common columns (every driver): `Name, TagGroupPath, DataType, AccessLevel, WriteIdempotent,
PollGroup, IsHistorized, HistorianTagname, IsArray, ArrayLength, Alarm.AlarmType,
Alarm.Severity, Alarm.HistorizeToAveva, TagConfigJson`. The `Alarm.*` dotted columns are the
flattened native-alarm object (absent columns = no alarm); `TagConfigJson` is the fallback
for any key not covered by a typed column (every editor already preserves unknown keys, so
it round-trips safely).

Per-driver typed columns (from the existing `<Driver>TagConfigModel` scalar surfaces, minus
the keys v3 normalizes away — no `deviceHostAddress`, no PascalCase `FullName`):

| Driver | Typed columns |
|---|---|
| Modbus | `Region, Address, ModbusDataType, ByteOrder, BitIndex, StringLength, Writable` |
| S7 | `Address, S7DataType, StringLength, Writable` |
| AbCip | `TagPath, AbCipDataType, Writable` |
| AbLegacy | `Address, AbLegacyDataType, Writable` |
| TwinCAT | `SymbolPath, TwinCATDataType, Writable` |
| FOCAS | `Address, FocasDataType` *(no `writable` key exists for FOCAS)* |
| OpcUaClient | `NodeId` |
| Galaxy | `AttributeRef` |
| Calculation | `ScriptId, ChangeTriggered, TimerIntervalMs` |

Enum-typed columns accept the enum member names (case-insensitive), matching the editors'
string-name JSON convention.

## Open items

**None.** All seven review-era open items were resolved on 2026-07-15:

| Item | Resolution |
|---|---|
| Historian tagname constraints vs RawPath | Live-probed vs the real AVEVA historian: **255-char limit**, path charset fully accepted, byte-exact round-trip; >255 ⇒ `DraftValidator` error prompting a `historianTagname` override (identity-contract section) |
| `NamespaceKind.Simulated` disposition | Verified vestigial (reserved enum + UI placeholder only); retired with the `Namespace` entity (data-model section) |
| SDK spike: multi-notifier event reporting | Native `AddNotifier` multi-root wiring confirmed from SDK source; duplicate-report fallback rejected (address-space section) |
| `Calculation` driver mini-design | Written: `docs/plans/2026-07-15-calculation-driver-mini-design.md` |
| Per-driver CSV column dictionaries | Decided (appendix above) |
| ScadaBridge cutover coordination | Sized (2 DB columns, `ns=2` index hard-coding) + planned (cross-repo paragraph) |
| Rename-warning scope | Authoring-time substring scan over `Script` bodies (edge-cases section) |

Nothing gates any batch. The design is ready for implementation planning (tasks #7–#11).

## Implementation tasks

**Implementation plans written 2026-07-15** (master orchestration + one plan per batch,
sized for parallel agent execution with per-wave file ownership and live gates):
`2026-07-15-v3-implementation-plan.md` →
`…-v3-batch1-schema-identity-plan.md` / `…-v3-batch2-raw-ui-calculation-plan.md` /
`…-v3-batch3-uns-rework-plan.md` / `…-v3-batch4-address-space-plan.md`.

- #7 — Raw/UNS v3 schema **+ RawPath identity rewiring** (re-scoped per Batch 1)
- #8 — Global Raw project-tree AdminUI (`/raw`) incl. context-menu + lazy-tree infra
- #9 — UNS Equipment reference-only rework + `{{equip}}` reference-relative resolution
- #10 — Dual-namespace address space + raw-only runtime binding + alarm/event/historian dual-surface
- #11 — `Calculation` pseudo-driver for signal-level calc tags
  (mini-design: `docs/plans/2026-07-15-calculation-driver-mini-design.md`)
