# Siemens S7 test fixture

Coverage map + gap inventory for the S7 driver.

**TL;DR:** S7 now has a wire-level integration fixture backed by
[python-snap7](https://github.com/gijzelaerr/python-snap7)'s `Server` class
(task #216). Atomic reads (u16 / i16 / i32 / f32 / bool-with-bit) + DB
write-then-read round-trip are exercised end-to-end through S7netplus +
real ISO-on-TCP on `localhost:1102`. Unit tests still carry everything
else (address parsing, error-branch handling, probe-loop contract). Gaps
remaining are variant-quirk-shaped: Optimized-DB symbolic access, PG/OP
session types, PUT/GET-disabled enforcement — all need real hardware.

## What the fixture is

**Integration layer** (task #216):
`tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.S7.IntegrationTests/` stands up a
python-snap7 `Server` via `Docker/docker-compose.yml --profile s7_1500`
on `localhost:1102` (pinned `python:3.12-slim-bookworm` base +
`python-snap7>=2.0`). Docker is the only supported launch path.
`Snap7ServerFixture` probes the port at collection init + skips with a
clear message when unreachable (matches the pymodbus pattern).
`server.py` (baked into the image under `Docker/`) reads a JSON profile
+ seeds DB/MB bytes at declared offsets; seeds are typed (`u16` / `i16`
/ `i32` / `f32` / `bool` / `ascii` for S7 STRING).

**Unit layer**: `tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.S7.Tests/` covers
everything the wire-level suite doesn't — address parsing, error
branches, probe-loop contract. All tests tagged
`[Trait("Category", "Unit")]`.

The driver ctor change that made this possible:
`Plc(CpuType, host, port, rack, slot)` — S7netplus 0.20's 5-arg overload
— wires `S7DriverOptions.Port` through so the simulator can bind 1102
(non-privileged) instead of 102 (root / Firewall-prompt territory).

## What it actually covers

### Integration (python-snap7, task #216)

- `S7_1500SmokeTests.Driver_reads_seeded_u16_through_real_S7comm` — DB1.DBW0
  read via real S7netplus over TCP + simulator; proves handshake + read path
- `S7_1500SmokeTests.Driver_reads_seeded_typed_batch` — i16, i32, f32,
  bool-with-bit in one batch call; proves typed decode per S7DataType
- `S7_1500SmokeTests.Driver_write_then_read_round_trip_on_scratch_word` —
  `DB1.DBW100` write → read-back; proves write path + buffer visibility

### Unit

- `S7AddressParserTests` — S7 address syntax (`DB1.DBD0`, `M10.3`, `IW4`, etc.)
- `S7DriverScaffoldTests` — `IDriver` lifecycle (init / reinit / shutdown / health)
- `S7DriverReadWriteTests` — error paths (uninitialized read/write, bad
  addresses, transport exceptions)
- `S7DiscoveryAndSubscribeTests` — `ITagDiscovery.DiscoverAsync` + polled
  `ISubscribable` contract with the shared `PollGroupEngine`

Capability surfaces whose contract is verified: `IDriver`, `ITagDiscovery`,
`IReadable`, `IWritable`, `ISubscribable`, `IHostConnectivityProbe`.
Wire-level surfaces verified: `IReadable`, `IWritable`.

## What it does NOT cover

### 1. Wire-level anything

No ISO-on-TCP frame is ever sent during the test suite. S7netplus is the only
wire-path abstraction and it has no in-process fake mode; the shipping choice
was to contract-test via `IS7Client` rather than patch into S7netplus
internals.

### 2. Read/write happy path

Every `S7DriverReadWriteTests` case exercises error branches. A successful
read returning real PLC data is not tested end-to-end — the return value is
whatever the fake says it is.

### 3. Mailbox serialization under concurrent reads

The driver's `SemaphoreSlim` serializes S7netplus calls because the S7 CPU's
comm mailbox is scanned at most once per cycle. Contention behavior under
real PLC latency is not exercised.

### 4. Variant quirks

S7-1200 vs S7-1500 vs S7-300/400 connection semantics (PG vs OP vs S7-Basic)
not differentiated at test time.

### 5. Data types beyond the scalars

UDT fan-out, `STRING` with length-prefix quirks, `DTL` / `DATE_AND_TIME`,
arrays of structs — not covered.

## When to trust the S7 tests, when to reach for a rig

| Question | Unit tests | Real PLC |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Does the address parser accept X syntax?" | yes | - |
| "Does the driver lifecycle hang / crash?" | yes | yes |
| "Does a real read against an S7-1500 return correct bytes?" | no | yes (required) |
| "Does mailbox serialization actually prevent PG timeouts?" | no | yes (required) |
| "Does a UDT fan-out produce usable member variables?" | no | yes (required) |

## Follow-up candidates

1. **Snap7 server** — [Snap7](https://snap7.sourceforge.net/) ships a
   C-library-based S7 server that could run in-CI on Linux. A pinned build +
   a fixture shape similar to `ab_server` would give S7 parity with Modbus /
   AB CIP coverage.
2. **Plcsim Advanced** — Siemens' paid emulator. Licensed per-seat; fits a
   lab rig but not CI.
3. **Real S7 lab rig** — cheapest physical PLC (CPU 1212C) on a dedicated
   network port, wired via self-hosted runner.

Without any of these, S7 driver correctness against real hardware is trusted
from field deployments, not from the test suite.

## Key fixture / config files

- `tests/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.S7.Tests/` — unit tests only, no harness
- `src/Drivers/ZB.MOM.WW.OtOpcUa.Driver.S7/S7Driver.cs` — ctor takes
  `IS7ClientFactory` which tests fake; docstring lines 8-20 note the deferred
  integration fixture
