ScadaBridge/docs/plans/2026-08-10-ews-email-transport-design.md

EWS Email Transport for the Notification Outbox — Design

Date: 2026-08-10 · Status: Implemented on feature/ews-email-transport; manual live gate pending · Owner decisions captured below.

1. Context — the pending task this supersedes

The long-deferred "Office 365 / Exchange" email work is Q12 (docs/plans/questions.md:13, docs/plans/phase-7-integrations.md:466): "What Microsoft 365 tenant/app registration is available for SMTP OAuth2 testing?" The OAuth2 Client-Credentials SMTP path (OAuth2TokenService, XOAUTH2 in MailKitSmtpClientWrapper) shipped in Phase 7 but was never verified against a real tenant — Mailpit cannot speak OAuth2 (docs/test_infra/test_infra_smtp.md:125), and docs/deployment/production-checklist.md:46 still assumes OAuth2-over-587 as the production posture.

Q12's premise is now obsolete. The real mail infrastructure on the network where ScadaBridge runs is an on-prem Exchange 2013 server exposing EWS (SOAP over HTTPS) at https://webmail.zimmer.com/ews/exchange.asmx, with a service mailbox (ww_notify@zimmerbiomet.com, domain account nam\ww_notify). Dev/test credentials live in the untracked, git-ignored email_details.txt — they must never enter the repo, this doc, or a Transport bundle exported for another org.

Decision on Q12 (owner, 2026-08-10)

Close Q12 as superseded. The OAuth2 SMTP code path stays in place, config-selectable and unit-tested, but "untested against a real M365 tenant" becomes an accepted, documented state rather than a pending task. If email ever moves to Exchange Online, Q12's question revives.

2. Live evidence (probed 2026-08-10 from the dev Mac)

Probe	Result	Consequence
Unauthenticated GET /ews/exchange.asmx	401, WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate, NTLM, Basic — IIS 8.5, OWA 15.0.1497 (Exchange 2013)	Basic auth is enabled on the EWS vdir; NTLM is not required
Authenticated GET with HTTPS Basic (nam\ww_notify)	200	Basic works for the service account; the client is a plain HttpClient — cross-platform, macOS-testable, no GSSAPI/NTLM machinery
SMTP ports on the same host	25 open; 587/465 closed	Authenticated SMTP submission is not offered. Port 25 relay would be unauthenticated + receive-connector-IP-scoped — brittle, needs Exchange admin action per environment. Rejected as the transport (see Approach C)

3. Approaches considered

A. Transport mode inside the existing email pipeline — CHOSEN

Add a Transport discriminator (Smtp default / Ews) to the existing SmtpConfiguration row. EmailNotificationDeliveryAdapter branches after loading the config: the SMTP/MailKit path is untouched; the EWS path sends one SOAP CreateItem via a new seam. Everything around delivery — outbox lifecycle, retry/park, recipient resolution, KPIs, UI/CLI surface, bundle SecretsBlock travel — is reused unchanged. Trade-offs: smallest diff; one additive EF column; slight impurity of "SmtpConfiguration" naming now covering two transports (accepted — it is THE email config row, and renaming the entity/table would ripple through bundles and repos for cosmetics).

B. Separate EwsConfiguration entity + separate delivery adapter — rejected

A parallel entity/table/UI page/CLI noun and a second Email-type adapter. The outbox dispatcher keys adapters by NotificationType, so two Email adapters need a dispatcher change plus a which-config-wins rule; Transport bundles need a new artifact kind. Roughly double the surface for no behavioural gain.

C. No-code: point the existing SMTP adapter at Exchange — rejected on evidence

Would be zero code, but the probe shows authenticated submission (587/465) is closed. Port-25 relay is anonymous, scoped by source IP on a receive connector, and an Exchange admin change per environment — an unauthenticated, brittle dependency the moment containers move hosts.

EWS client style (owner decision)

Hand-rolled SOAP envelope over HttpClient — no SDK, matching the house pattern set by SmsNotificationDeliveryAdapter (Twilio REST, no SDK). The Microsoft EWS Managed API is archived; the community fork is a heavyweight dependency for what is one fixed CreateItem call (~200 lines including classification).

4. Design

4.1 Configuration model

• SmtpConfiguration (Commons POCO + SmtpConfigurations table) gains one additive column: Transport (string, default "Smtp"; parsed case-insensitively like TlsMode). One EF migration; existing rows keep SMTP semantics with no data change.
• Field reuse under Transport = "Ews":
  • Host — the full EWS endpoint URL (absolute https:// URI, validated).
  • AuthType — must be basic; Credentials stays username:password where username may be domain\user (split on the first : only, as today). Same storage treatment as SMTP credentials: SmtpConfiguration.Credentials is encrypted at rest via EncryptedStringConverter (wired in ScadaBridgeDbContext.ApplySecretColumnEncryption, ConfigurationDatabase), exactly like SmsConfiguration.AuthToken — there is no asymmetry between them. It is additionally projected away from all read paths by ManagementActor's credential-free projection, and CredentialRedactor.Scrub runs on every error message.
  • FromAddress, MaxRetries, RetryDelay, ConnectionTimeoutSeconds — same meaning (timeout becomes the HttpClient request timeout).
  • Port, TlsMode, OAuth2Authority, OAuth2Scope, MaxConcurrentConnections — unused for EWS; validation requires them unset/ignored and the UI hides them.
• Validation (in HandleUpdateSmtpConfig + options validator, eager per §1.5 conventions): unknown Transport rejected; Ews requires absolute https Host, basic auth, non-empty credentials; Smtp validation unchanged.

4.2 Delivery path

• New seam in the NotificationService project: IEwsMailSender with one method SendAsync(EwsSendRequest, CancellationToken) (endpoint, credential, from, bcc list, subject, plain-text body). Implementation EwsSoapMailSender:
  • IHttpClientFactory named client; explicit Authorization: Basic header (deterministic, proven live) rather than handler-negotiated auth. If Basic is ever disabled in a hardening pass, an EwsAuthMode knob (Negotiate/NTLM via HttpClientHandler.Credentials) is the documented follow-on — not built now (YAGNI), and noted that NTLM-on-Linux containers would then need gss-ntlmssp in the image.
  • One CreateItem SOAP envelope, RequestServerVersion Exchange2013, MessageDisposition="SendOnly" (no Sent-Items copy — the Notifications table is the audit record of what was sent; a mailbox copy would just grow unboundedly). Recipients go in BccRecipients only, preserving the SMTP path's BCC semantics (recipients can't see each other). All user content XML-escaped; body BodyType="Text" (plain text, as today).
• EmailNotificationDeliveryAdapter.DeliverAsync branches on the parsed transport after the existing list-resolution/config/address-validation steps (all shared): Smtp → current SendAsync; Ews → IEwsMailSender. Outcome mapping stays three-way DeliveryOutcome.

4.3 Error classification (mirrors SmtpErrorClassifier / ESG conventions)

• Transient (retry → park after MaxRetries): connect/DNS/socket/timeout failures; HTTP 5xx/408/429; response/fault codes that are load/availability-shaped (ErrorServerBusy, ErrorInternalServerTransientError, ErrorTimeoutExpired, ErrorMailboxStoreUnavailable, ErrorInsufficientResources).
• Permanent (park immediately): HTTP 401/403 (credential/authorization — retrying burns lockout budget on a domain account), 404/410/405 (wrong URL or endpoint), SOAP schema faults, recipient-shaped response codes (ErrorInvalidRecipients, ErrorMessageSizeExceeded), malformed-config findings (bad URL, bad credential form) — same "unclassified defaults to permanent" stance the SMTP adapter takes.
• As built: there is no standalone EwsErrorClassifier type. Classification lives inside EwsSoapMailSender, which throws typed EwsTransientException / EwsPermanentException that the adapter maps to DeliveryOutcome; the pure EwsResponseParser stays judgement-free, reporting only the response shape and code (and parsing with DTD processing prohibited). A parsed response code beats the HTTP status — only an unparseable body falls back to the status code. Every surfaced message runs through CredentialRedactor.Scrub, plus a mask of the base64 Basic-auth value.

4.4 Management surfaces

• CLI: notification smtp update gains --transport smtp|ews (existing --host, --auth-type, --credentials, retry flags reused). notification smtp list shows the transport; credential-free projection unchanged.
• Central UI /notifications/smtp: a Transport selector; EWS mode shows URL + username + password inputs and hides Port/TLS/OAuth2 inputs (which remain SMTP-only, OAuth2 inputs remaining auth-type-gated as today). Admin-only, as today.
• Transport bundles: SmtpConfiguration already travels in the encrypted SecretsBlock; the new field rides along additively (schemaVersion additive rules). The existing round-trip guard (arch-review T8 style) is extended to cover Transport so export/import can't silently drop it. Discovered during implementation: OAuth2Authority and OAuth2Scope (shipped 2026-07) were already being silently dropped by bundle export/import — SmtpConfigDto never carried them. Fixed in the same slice as Transport (DTO, serializer, BundleImporter.ApplySmtpFields, ArtifactDiff), and the round-trip guard reseeded so all three fields are now pinned.

4.5 Testing (owner decision: fake stub + live gate)

• Unit: EwsSoapMailSender against a stubbed HttpMessageHandler (in-process fake EWS endpoint) asserting the Basic header, envelope shape (BCC-only, SendOnly, escaping) and driving canned CreateItemResponse success / SOAP-fault / HTTP-error bodies through the sender's classification (see §4.3 — no standalone classifier type); adapter-level tests for the transport branch and outcome mapping; validator tests for the new config rules. All macOS-runnable — no NTLM, no network.
• Live gate (manual, one-off): from the dev Mac, configure Transport=Ews with the dev/test credentials (from the untracked email_details.txt) against webmail.zimmer.com, send to a single-recipient test list, verify Delivered status + received mail + a permanent-classification case (bad password on a throwaway config — mindful of domain lockout policy, one attempt only). Recorded as a PASS note in this doc when run.
• Mailpit-based SMTP tests are untouched (the SMTP path is untouched).

4.6 Documentation updates that travel with the implementation

• Component-NotificationService.md: EWS transport section (config model, classification, BCC/SendOnly semantics, auth posture).
• docs/plans/questions.md Q12 + phase-7-integrations.md Q12 row: closed as superseded, pointing here.
• docs/deployment/production-checklist.md: EWS variant (outbound HTTPS 443 to the Exchange CAS; service-account password rotation note) alongside the SMTP items.
• docs/test_infra/test_infra_smtp.md: note that the OAuth2 gap is superseded by EWS for on-prem deployments.

5. Explicitly out of scope

• Removing the SMTP/OAuth2 path (stays config-selectable; Approach "additional transport" was the owner's choice).
• NTLM/Negotiate auth mode (documented follow-on trigger: Basic disabled on the EWS vdir).
• HTML bodies, attachments, per-recipient sends, Sent-Items copies.
• Site-side anything — notification delivery remains central-only.

6. Follow-ups (from execution reviews)

Raised while implementing; none blocking, none scheduled here.

1. Catch-chain duplication in EmailNotificationDeliveryAdapter. The SMTP and EWS branches each carry a near-identical permanent / caller-cancel / transient / unclassified catch chain differing only in exception types and log wording. Extract a shared helper before a third transport is added.
2. Bundle-import shape validation parity. Import applies SmtpConfigDto fields as data and does not run the EWS shape gate that ManagementActor (CLI/API) and the Central UI apply. The delivery adapter is authoritative and parks an unusable row with a clear reason, so this is accepted for now rather than duplicating the gate a fourth time.
3. CredentialRedactor.MinSecretLength = 12. A standalone password shorter than that is not scrubbed on its own; EWS messages are still covered by the packed username:password and base64 Basic-auth scrubs, which comfortably exceed the floor. Revisit if a code path ever surfaces a bare short password.
4. Central UI SMTP page bypasses audit. SmtpConfiguration.razor writes through INotificationRepository directly (pre-existing pattern), so a UI change to Transport or the EWS credential produces no audit row, while the same change via CLI/API is audited by ManagementActor. Made more consequential by EWS; route the page through UpdateSmtpConfigCommand (or add a direct audit call) in a follow-up.