ScadaBridge/src/ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.ConfigurationDatabase/ScadaBridgeDbContext.cs

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.ValueConversion;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.Audit;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.Deployment;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.ExternalSystems;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.InboundApi;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.Instances;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.Kpi;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.Notifications;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.Schemas;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.Scripts;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.SecuredWrites;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.Transport;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.Security;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.Sites;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.Templates;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.ConfigurationDatabase.Entities;

namespace ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.ConfigurationDatabase;

public class ScadaBridgeDbContext : DbContext, IDataProtectionKeyContext
{
    private readonly IDataProtectionProvider? _dataProtectionProvider;

    /// <summary>
    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ScadaBridgeDbContext"/> class for schema-only access (design-time).
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="options">Database context options.</param>
    public ScadaBridgeDbContext(DbContextOptions<ScadaBridgeDbContext> options) : base(options)
    {
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Creates a context with an explicit Data Protection provider used to encrypt
    /// secret-bearing configuration columns at rest. The runtime resolves this overload
    /// via DI; design-time tooling uses the single-argument overload.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="options">Database context options.</param>
    /// <param name="dataProtectionProvider">Data Protection provider for encrypting secrets at rest.</param>
    public ScadaBridgeDbContext(DbContextOptions<ScadaBridgeDbContext> options, IDataProtectionProvider dataProtectionProvider)
        : base(options)
    {
        _dataProtectionProvider = dataProtectionProvider
            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dataProtectionProvider));
    }

    // Templates
    /// <summary>Gets the set of templates.</summary>
    public DbSet<Template> Templates => Set<Template>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of template attributes.</summary>
    public DbSet<TemplateAttribute> TemplateAttributes => Set<TemplateAttribute>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of template alarms.</summary>
    public DbSet<TemplateAlarm> TemplateAlarms => Set<TemplateAlarm>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of template scripts.</summary>
    public DbSet<TemplateScript> TemplateScripts => Set<TemplateScript>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of template compositions.</summary>
    public DbSet<TemplateComposition> TemplateCompositions => Set<TemplateComposition>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of template folders.</summary>
    public DbSet<TemplateFolder> TemplateFolders => Set<TemplateFolder>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of template native alarm source bindings.</summary>
    public DbSet<TemplateNativeAlarmSource> TemplateNativeAlarmSources => Set<TemplateNativeAlarmSource>();

    // Instances
    /// <summary>Gets the set of instances.</summary>
    public DbSet<Instance> Instances => Set<Instance>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of instance attribute overrides.</summary>
    public DbSet<InstanceAttributeOverride> InstanceAttributeOverrides => Set<InstanceAttributeOverride>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of instance alarm overrides.</summary>
    public DbSet<InstanceAlarmOverride> InstanceAlarmOverrides => Set<InstanceAlarmOverride>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of instance connection bindings.</summary>
    public DbSet<InstanceConnectionBinding> InstanceConnectionBindings => Set<InstanceConnectionBinding>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of instance native alarm source overrides.</summary>
    public DbSet<InstanceNativeAlarmSourceOverride> InstanceNativeAlarmSourceOverrides => Set<InstanceNativeAlarmSourceOverride>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of areas.</summary>
    public DbSet<Area> Areas => Set<Area>();

    // Sites
    /// <summary>Gets the set of sites.</summary>
    public DbSet<Site> Sites => Set<Site>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of data connections.</summary>
    public DbSet<DataConnection> DataConnections => Set<DataConnection>();

    // Deployment
    /// <summary>Gets the set of deployment records.</summary>
    public DbSet<DeploymentRecord> DeploymentRecords => Set<DeploymentRecord>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of system artifact deployment records.</summary>
    public DbSet<SystemArtifactDeploymentRecord> SystemArtifactDeploymentRecords => Set<SystemArtifactDeploymentRecord>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of deployed configuration snapshots.</summary>
    public DbSet<DeployedConfigSnapshot> DeployedConfigSnapshots => Set<DeployedConfigSnapshot>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of pending deployments staged for HTTP fetch by sites.</summary>
    public DbSet<PendingDeployment> PendingDeployments => Set<PendingDeployment>();

    // External Systems
    /// <summary>Gets the set of external system definitions.</summary>
    public DbSet<ExternalSystemDefinition> ExternalSystemDefinitions => Set<ExternalSystemDefinition>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of external system methods.</summary>
    public DbSet<ExternalSystemMethod> ExternalSystemMethods => Set<ExternalSystemMethod>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of database connection definitions.</summary>
    public DbSet<DatabaseConnectionDefinition> DatabaseConnectionDefinitions => Set<DatabaseConnectionDefinition>();

    // Notifications
    /// <summary>Gets the set of notification lists.</summary>
    public DbSet<NotificationList> NotificationLists => Set<NotificationList>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of notification recipients.</summary>
    public DbSet<NotificationRecipient> NotificationRecipients => Set<NotificationRecipient>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of SMTP configurations.</summary>
    public DbSet<SmtpConfiguration> SmtpConfigurations => Set<SmtpConfiguration>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of SMS configurations.</summary>
    public DbSet<SmsConfiguration> SmsConfigurations => Set<SmsConfiguration>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of notifications.</summary>
    public DbSet<Notification> Notifications => Set<Notification>();

    // Scripts
    /// <summary>Gets the set of shared scripts.</summary>
    public DbSet<SharedScript> SharedScripts => Set<SharedScript>();

    // Schemas (template-level JSON-Schema library)
    /// <summary>Gets the set of shared JSON-Schema library entries.</summary>
    public DbSet<SharedSchema> SharedSchemas => Set<SharedSchema>();

    // Security
    /// <summary>Gets the set of LDAP group mappings.</summary>
    public DbSet<LdapGroupMapping> LdapGroupMappings => Set<LdapGroupMapping>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of site scope rules.</summary>
    public DbSet<SiteScopeRule> SiteScopeRules => Set<SiteScopeRule>();

    // Inbound API
    // Auth re-arch: the SQL Server ApiKeys DbSet was retired — inbound API keys
    // now live in the shared ZB.MOM.WW.Auth.ApiKeys SQLite store. Only the method
    // catalogue remains in the configuration database.
    /// <summary>Gets the set of API methods.</summary>
    public DbSet<ApiMethod> ApiMethods => Set<ApiMethod>();

    // Audit
    /// <summary>Gets the set of audit log entries.</summary>
    public DbSet<AuditLogEntry> AuditLogEntries => Set<AuditLogEntry>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of audit log rows (central <c>dbo.AuditLog</c> persistence shape; mapped to/from the canonical record at the repository boundary).</summary>
    public DbSet<AuditLogRow> AuditLogs => Set<AuditLogRow>();
    /// <summary>Gets the per-month AuditLog hash-chain heads (ScadaBridge#41).</summary>
    public DbSet<AuditLogChainHead> AuditLogChainHeads => Set<AuditLogChainHead>();
    /// <summary>Gets the AuditLog hash-chain purge tombstones (ScadaBridge#41).</summary>
    public DbSet<AuditLogChainTombstone> AuditLogChainTombstones => Set<AuditLogChainTombstone>();
    /// <summary>Gets the set of site calls.</summary>
    public DbSet<SiteCall> SiteCalls => Set<SiteCall>();

    // Secured Writes (OPC UA / MxGateway UX)
    /// <summary>Gets the set of pending two-person secured writes.</summary>
    public DbSet<PendingSecuredWrite> PendingSecuredWrites => Set<PendingSecuredWrite>();

    // KPI History ("KPI History & Trends")
    /// <summary>Gets the set of KPI samples (central tall/EAV KPI-history backbone).</summary>
    public DbSet<KpiSample> KpiSamples => Set<KpiSample>();

    /// <summary>Gets the set of hourly KPI rollups (pre-aggregated long-range trend backbone).</summary>
    public DbSet<KpiRollupHourly> KpiRollupHourly => Set<KpiRollupHourly>();

    // Transport (bundle export/import)
    /// <summary>Gets the set of recorded bundle-unlock attempts — the fleet-wide sliding window behind the per-client unlock throttle (register row 52).</summary>
    public DbSet<BundleUnlockAttempt> BundleUnlockAttempts => Set<BundleUnlockAttempt>();

    // Data Protection Keys (for shared ASP.NET Data Protection across nodes)
    /// <summary>Gets the set of data protection keys.</summary>
    public DbSet<DataProtectionKey> DataProtectionKeys => Set<DataProtectionKey>();

    /// <inheritdoc />
    protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
    {
        base.OnConfiguring(optionsBuilder);

        // The secret-column converter built in OnModelCreating differs depending on whether
        // a real Data Protection provider was supplied (encrypting converter) or not
        // (schema-only converter). EF Core's default model cache keys only on context type,
        // so a provider-bearing and a schema-only context sharing the same options type
        // would otherwise share one cached model — and whichever was built first would win.
        // Distinguish them so each gets its own model.
        optionsBuilder.ReplaceService<IModelCacheKeyFactory, SecretAwareModelCacheKeyFactory>();
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        modelBuilder.ApplyConfigurationsFromAssembly(typeof(ScadaBridgeDbContext).Assembly);

        ApplySecretColumnEncryption(modelBuilder);

        // Gitea #62: rowversion change-detection columns on the pending-updates input tables.
        // SQL Server only (true for production and the design-time factory, so the migration
        // and snapshot carry them); SQLite cannot generate a rowversion.
        if (Database.IsSqlServer())
            ConfigGraphRowVersions.Apply(modelBuilder);

        NeutralizeSqlServerComputedColumnsForNonSqlServerProviders(modelBuilder);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// The central <c>dbo.AuditLog</c> persisted computed columns use
    /// SQL Server's <c>JSON_VALUE</c> expression, which only SQL Server can evaluate.
    /// On a non-SQL-Server provider (the SQLite test contexts) emitting that SQL in a
    /// <c>CREATE TABLE</c> fails ("no such function: JSON_VALUE"). Strip the
    /// computed-column SQL for any non-SQL-Server provider so those columns degrade to
    /// plain (always-null on the test provider) nullable columns; SQL Server keeps the
    /// real <c>… AS JSON_VALUE(...) PERSISTED</c> definitions. This is a model-shape
    /// adaptation only — it never runs under the design-time SQL Server provider, so the
    /// migration / model-snapshot remain the canonical SQL Server shape.
    /// </summary>
    private void NeutralizeSqlServerComputedColumnsForNonSqlServerProviders(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        // Database.IsSqlServer() reads the configured provider — true for production and
        // for the design-time factory (UseSqlServer), false for the SQLite test contexts.
        if (Database.IsSqlServer())
        {
            return;
        }

        foreach (var entityType in modelBuilder.Model.GetEntityTypes())
        {
            foreach (var property in entityType.GetProperties())
            {
                if (property.GetComputedColumnSql() is not null)
                {
                    property.SetComputedColumnSql(null);
                    property.SetColumnType(null);
                    property.ValueGenerated = Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.ValueGenerated.Never;
                    property.SetAfterSaveBehavior(Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.PropertySaveBehavior.Save);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public override int SaveChanges(bool acceptAllChangesOnSuccess)
    {
        GuardSecretWritesHaveAKeyRing();
        try { return base.SaveChanges(acceptAllChangesOnSuccess); }
        catch (DbUpdateException ex) when (IsInstanceNameConflict(ex))
        { throw DetachInstanceNameConflict(ex); }
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public override async Task<int> SaveChangesAsync(
        bool acceptAllChangesOnSuccess, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
    {
        GuardSecretWritesHaveAKeyRing();
        try { return await base.SaveChangesAsync(acceptAllChangesOnSuccess, cancellationToken); }
        catch (DbUpdateException ex) when (IsInstanceNameConflict(ex))
        { throw DetachInstanceNameConflict(ex); }
    }

    private static InstanceNameConflictException DetachInstanceNameConflict(DbUpdateException error)
    {
        foreach (var entry in error.Entries) entry.State = EntityState.Detached;
        return new InstanceNameConflictException(error);
    }

    private static bool IsInstanceNameConflict(DbUpdateException error)
        => error.InnerException is Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlException sql
            ? sql.Number is 2601 or 2627 && sql.Message.Contains("IX_Instances_UniqueName", StringComparison.Ordinal)
            : error.InnerException?.GetType().Name == "SqliteException"
                && error.InnerException.Message.Contains("UNIQUE constraint failed: Instances.UniqueName", StringComparison.Ordinal);

    /// <summary>Data Protection protector for data-connection secrets; throws when no provider was supplied.</summary>
    internal IDataProtector DataConnectionProtector => (_dataProtectionProvider
        ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Data Protection is required to migrate protocol credentials."))
        .CreateProtector(DataConnectionSecretConverter.Purpose);

    /// <summary>True when this context was constructed with a real Data Protection provider.</summary>
    internal bool HasSecretEncryptionProvider => _dataProtectionProvider is not null;

    /// <summary>
    /// Fails fast — before any database round-trip — if a context built without a real
    /// Data Protection key ring (the schema-only single-argument constructor) is about to
    /// persist a non-null secret-bearing column. Without this guard the schema-only
    /// protector would still throw, but only deep inside EF's update pipeline wrapped in a
    /// <c>DbUpdateException</c>/<c>CryptographicException</c>; surfacing a clear
    /// <see cref="InvalidOperationException"/> here makes the misconfiguration obvious.
    /// </summary>
    private void GuardSecretWritesHaveAKeyRing()
    {
        if (_dataProtectionProvider is not null)
            return;

        foreach (var entry in ChangeTracker.Entries())
        {
            if (entry.State is not (EntityState.Added or EntityState.Modified))
                continue;

            string? secretProperty = entry.Entity switch
            {
                SmtpConfiguration => nameof(SmtpConfiguration.Credentials),
                SmsConfiguration => nameof(SmsConfiguration.AuthToken),
                ExternalSystemDefinition => nameof(ExternalSystemDefinition.AuthConfiguration),
                DatabaseConnectionDefinition => nameof(DatabaseConnectionDefinition.ConnectionString),
                DataConnection connection when connection.PrimaryConfiguration is not null => nameof(DataConnection.PrimaryConfiguration),
                DataConnection => nameof(DataConnection.BackupConfiguration),
                _ => null
            };
            if (secretProperty is null)
                continue;

            if (entry.Property(secretProperty).CurrentValue is not null)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(
                    "This ScadaBridgeDbContext was constructed without a Data Protection key " +
                    "ring (the single-argument, schema-only constructor). It cannot persist " +
                    $"the secret-bearing column '{entry.Entity.GetType().Name}.{secretProperty}'. " +
                    "Construct the context with the DI-registered IDataProtectionProvider " +
                    "(AddConfigurationDatabase wires this up).");
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Model cache key factory that folds the Data Protection provider identity into the
    /// cache key, so different key rings and schema-only contexts never share converter instances.
    /// </summary>
    private sealed class SecretAwareModelCacheKeyFactory : IModelCacheKeyFactory
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a model cache key that includes the Data Protection provider identity.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="context">The database context.</param>
        /// <param name="designTime">Whether the model is being created at design-time.</param>
        /// <returns>A cache key tuple.</returns>
        public object Create(DbContext context, bool designTime)
            => (context.GetType(),
                designTime,
                (context as ScadaBridgeDbContext)?._dataProtectionProvider);

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a model cache key for run-time contexts.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="context">The database context.</param>
        /// <returns>A cache key tuple.</returns>
        public object Create(DbContext context) => Create(context, false);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Applies encryption-at-rest to columns that hold authentication secrets
    /// (SMTP credentials, external-system auth config, database connection strings)
    /// so they are never persisted as plaintext.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// When no Data Protection provider is supplied — design-time <c>dotnet ef</c> tooling,
    /// which only emits schema and never reads or writes secret data — a schema-only
    /// protector is used. It produces an identical <c>nvarchar</c> schema, but throws a
    /// clear <see cref="InvalidOperationException"/> if a secret column is ever read or
    /// written through it. This deliberately does NOT silently substitute an ephemeral
    /// (in-memory, process-lifetime) key: encrypting a runtime write with a throwaway key
    /// would persist ciphertext that becomes permanently undecryptable on the next process
    /// restart, with no error. A write-capable context must be constructed with the
    /// DI-registered provider whose keys are persisted to this database.
    /// </remarks>
    private void ApplySecretColumnEncryption(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        IDataProtector protector = _dataProtectionProvider is { } provider
            ? provider.CreateProtector(EncryptedStringConverter.ProtectorPurpose)
            : SchemaOnlyDataProtector.Instance;

        // Held as the non-generic ValueConverter base so all three HasConversion calls
        // read identically. The converter's CLR type is string?->string?; binding it to
        // the non-nullable DatabaseConnectionDefinition.ConnectionString property would
        // otherwise raise a CS8620 nullability mismatch — the non-generic reference is
        // the supported way to apply one converter uniformly across nullable and
        // non-nullable string columns.
        ValueConverter converter = new EncryptedStringConverter(protector);

        modelBuilder.Entity<SmtpConfiguration>()
            .Property(s => s.Credentials)
            .HasConversion(converter);

        modelBuilder.Entity<SmsConfiguration>()
            .Property(s => s.AuthToken)
            .HasConversion(converter);

        modelBuilder.Entity<ExternalSystemDefinition>()
            .Property(e => e.AuthConfiguration)
            .HasConversion(converter);

        modelBuilder.Entity<DatabaseConnectionDefinition>()
            .Property(d => d.ConnectionString)
            .HasConversion(converter);

        IDataProtector protocolProtector = _dataProtectionProvider is { } protocolProvider
            ? protocolProvider.CreateProtector(DataConnectionSecretConverter.Purpose)
            : SchemaOnlyDataProtector.Instance;
        var protocolConverter = new DataConnectionSecretConverter(protocolProtector);
        modelBuilder.Entity<DataConnection>().Property(d => d.PrimaryConfiguration).HasConversion(protocolConverter);
        modelBuilder.Entity<DataConnection>().Property(d => d.BackupConfiguration).HasConversion(protocolConverter);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// An <see cref="IDataProtector"/> for contexts built without a real Data Protection
    /// provider (design-time / schema-only). It satisfies model building but fails fast
    /// with a clear message if a secret column is actually read or written, rather than
    /// silently producing throwaway ciphertext that cannot be decrypted after a restart.
    /// </summary>
    private sealed class SchemaOnlyDataProtector : IDataProtector
    {
        internal static readonly SchemaOnlyDataProtector Instance = new();

        private const string Message =
            "This ScadaBridgeDbContext was constructed without a Data Protection key ring " +
            "(the single-argument, schema-only constructor). Secret-bearing configuration " +
            "columns cannot be read or written through it. Construct the context with the " +
            "DI-registered IDataProtectionProvider (AddConfigurationDatabase wires this up).";

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a schema-only protector that raises when called.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="purpose">The protector purpose string.</param>
        /// <returns>This instance.</returns>
        public IDataProtector CreateProtector(string purpose) => this;

        /// <summary>
        /// Protects plaintext (schema-only version always throws).
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="plaintext">The data to protect.</param>
        /// <returns>Never returns.</returns>
        public byte[] Protect(byte[] plaintext) => throw new InvalidOperationException(Message);

        /// <summary>
        /// Unprotects ciphertext (schema-only version always throws).
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="protectedData">The protected data.</param>
        /// <returns>Never returns.</returns>
        public byte[] Unprotect(byte[] protectedData) => throw new InvalidOperationException(Message);
    }
}