ScadaBridge/docs/plans/2026-08-17-dcl-connection-arbitration-decision.md

DCL connection arbitration — which config source owns a live connection

Date: 2026-08-17 Scope: Site Runtime (DeploymentManagerActor), deferred-work-register rows 89 and 90 Status: implemented Predecessor: docs/plans/2026-08-15-instance-sweep-self-heal-design.md §7.4, which designed a store-level connection sweep, rejected it, and recorded rows 89/90 as the residual — explicitly blocked on "the arbitration decision above (which source wins), not another sweep pass".

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1. Verified topology — and two premise corrections

Both register rows are worded in terms of "the peer node's DCL". That framing is wrong, and the correction changes what the fix has to do, so it comes first.

1.1 What actually runs where

Actor	Placement	Verified at
DeploymentManagerActor	Cluster singleton, role-scoped to site-{SiteId} (SingletonRegistrar.Start(…, "deployment-manager", …, role: siteRole))	Host/Actors/AkkaHostedService.cs
DataConnectionManagerActor (/user/dcl-manager)	Every site node, unconditional ActorOf — not a singleton	Host/Actors/AkkaHostedService.cs
CertStoreActor	Every site node (documented; re-confirmed)	same file

CreateConnectionCommand and RemoveConnectionCommand have exactly one sender in the whole repo — DeploymentManagerActor — and it sends them to the _dclManager ref it was constructed with, which is its own node's local dcl-manager (the Props are built per node, so whichever node materialises the singleton uses that node's manager).

1.2 Premise correction 1 — the standby's DCL is EMPTY, not stale

Because the singleton is the only sender, the standby node's dcl-manager holds no connection actors at all. It is not "serving the old endpoint"; it is serving nothing, and nothing subscribes through it. So there is no per-node divergence to reconcile with a cross-node message.

The real failure mode is one layer over:

_createdConnections — the per-name hash cache that records what the DM last pushed — is in-memory and per singleton incarnation. When the singleton restarts (failover, or an ordinary node restart), the new incarnation starts with an empty cache, loads deployed_configurations, and rebuilds every connection from the Connections snapshot frozen into each instance's flattened config at that instance's deploy time. Nothing has ever read data_connection_definitions — that table had no production reader — so a newer, connection-only artifact deploy is silently discarded and the site goes back to the old endpoint.

This also means row 89 is not replication-specific. Replication only puts the definition row on both nodes, which is if anything helpful. The identical loss happens on an unreplicated single-node restart. The row-89 fix is therefore a create-time arbitration fix, not a message-delivery fix.

Row 90 is the same shape: the delete is durable in the store, but the flattened configs still name the connection, so the next instance start re-creates it.

1.3 Premise correction 2 — a changed config never reached a LIVE connection either

EnsureDclConnection's contract, as documented in the code before this change, was that a changed endpoint/credential "re-issues a CreateConnectionCommand so the DCL adopts the new configuration instead of keeping a stale connection". That is false. DataConnectionManagerActor.HandleCreateConnection is create-only:

if (_connectionActors.ContainsKey(command.ConnectionName))
{
    _log.Warning("Connection {0} already exists", command.ConnectionName);
    return;
}

So the system-wide artifact deploy's "make it live immediately" push has never worked on the deploy-handling node, and the DM's hash cache recorded it as applied regardless. This is a separate, pre-existing defect discovered while validating rows 89/90; see §6.

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2. The arbitration rule

The definitions store wins wherever it has an opinion. The flattened config is authoritative only for names the store has never owned.

1. A name with a row in data_connection_definitions — that row's config configures the live DCL connection actor. The identically-named entry in an instance's flattened Connections map is a deploy-time snapshot and never overrides it.
2. A name with no definition row — the flattened config is the source, exactly as before. This is not a fallback; it is the correct answer for a deploy-only site, where the definitions table is legitimately empty because nothing has ever sent that site a system-wide artifact deploy while every connection that matters lives inline in the instance configs. §7.4 of the predecessor memo identified this as the reason a blanket store-level sweep is wrong, and it remains the reason rule 2 exists.
3. Removal semantics on the deploy-handling node are unchanged: the actor is stopped even if deployed instances still reference it, and their attributes go bad quality until redeploy. What is added is a tombstone (§4).

2.1 The overlay is an arbiter, not a creation source

_connectionDefinitions decides which configuration a connection the runtime already wants is built from. It never creates a connection on its own: a definition row naming a connection no deployed instance references produces no actor, because none is wanted. This is what makes it safe to consult on every sweep tick, and it is why re-adding a centrally deleted connection brings the actor back at the next instance start rather than instantly (pinned by ReAddedDefinition_ClearsTheTombstone_SoTheNextInstanceStartRecreatesIt).

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3. The ping-pong, and why keying the hash on the winner makes it unrepresentable

The predecessor memo rejected a store-level sweep partly because of this:

_createdConnections holds one hash per name. The flattened-config hash and the artifact-definition hash for the same connection can legitimately differ (the supported version-skew case). A sweep re-hashing from the definitions table would flip the slot every tick against the deploy path flipping it back, recreating the connection actor and dropping its live subscriptions on a loop.

That analysis is correct, and it is a property of where the hash is computed, not of the sweep. The fix is one line of ordering discipline:

Every ensure path resolves the winning configuration BEFORE hashing or pushing.

EnsureDclConnections(configJson) no longer hands the flattened ConnectionConfig straight to EnsureDclConnection. It first asks the overlay whether the store owns that name; if it does, the definition's protocol/config/backup/failover fields are what get hashed and pushed. The artifact-deploy path pushes those same fields. Therefore, for any given name, only one configuration can ever be hashed, no matter which path calls — the two sources cannot occupy the slot alternately because there is only ever one candidate. The flip is not guarded against; it is unrepresentable.

The guard test DisagreeingSources_DoNotPingPongTheConnection_AcrossManySweeps pins exactly this with the two sources deliberately disagreeing: one create, zero removes, across many ticks. It passes before and after the fix — before, because nothing read the definitions at all — which is the point: it is a guard against the rejected naive design, not a fail-before test.

3.1 A second flip source, closed in the same way

HandleApplyArtifactDataConnectionsToDcl now writes the artifact's rows into the overlay in the same pass it pushes them. Without that there is a window between an artifact deploy and the next sweep read in which an instance start would resolve the name to its flattened snapshot while the artifact path had already pushed the definition — the same flip, arriving through a different door.

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4. Removal and the tombstone

_centrallyRemovedConnections is a HashSet<string> of names this singleton incarnation has seen removed centrally. It is populated by both removal paths, which share one helper (RemoveConnectionCentrally) so they cannot drift:

• the artifact reconcile's RemovedConnectionNames (the existing path); and
• the sweep's disappearance detection (new — §5).

EnsureDclConnections skips a tombstoned name. Without the tombstone the removal does not survive one tick: the removal evicts the hash slot, and the next instance start whose flattened config still names the connection re-creates it. That is not hypothetical — the sweep starts instances — and it is a pre-existing bug this change also closes (ArtifactReconcileRemoval_IsNotResurrectedByALaterInstanceStart fails on the old code).

Tombstones are deliberately in-memory only. Persisting them was rejected: a durable "this name is gone" marker is a second divergent authority over the same names, and the flattened configs already resurrect a removed connection across a restart today. That pre-existing semantic is accepted and unchanged — see the residual in §6.

A tombstone is cleared the moment a definition row for the name reappears (a definition row is the store re-asserting ownership), so a centrally re-added connection is creatable again.

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5. The mechanism: the definitions table as an overlay on the existing reads

No new message, no new actor, no new cross-node path. The two durable tables the DM arbitrates over are read in one off-thread task, ReadStoreSnapshotAsync, used by both existing reads:

PreStart → LoadDeployedConfigs ─┐
                                ├─ ReadStoreSnapshotAsync (off-thread, one task)
InstanceSweepTick ──────────────┘        deployed_configurations
                                         data_connection_definitions
                                              │
                                              ▼  piped back
                        StartupConfigsLoaded / InstanceSweepLoaded   (actor thread)
                                              │
                                  ApplyConnectionDefinitionOverlay
                                              │
                          ┌───────────────────┴───────────────────┐
                     row present                            row disappeared
                  adopt + push if live                 tombstone + stop actor

Nothing blocks the actor thread on SQLite; the overlay mutation, the hash cache and the tombstone set are all actor-thread-confined, matching the existing StartupConfigsLoaded / ApplyArtifactDataConnectionsToDcl patterns.

Ordering is load-bearing in both handlers. The overlay is applied before the boot batch creates any Instance Actor and before the sweep's repair loop, so a connection is created from the winning config on its first push rather than created stale and corrected a tick later. On failover that is the difference between a clean takeover and a needless recreate on every one.

5.1 The two reads fail differently, on purpose

A failed config read propagates and re-arms the whole load (the existing S5 path, unchanged). A failed definitions read is swallowed into a null result, and null means keep the overlay exactly as it is — deliberately distinct from an empty list, which is a real answer (a deploy-only site, or a site after central deletes every data connection). Clearing the overlay on a transient read failure would hand arbitration back to the flattened snapshots for one pass and take it away on the next successful read: the §3 ping-pong, reintroduced through the error path.

5.2 Disappearance detection, and precisely how far it reaches

A name that was in the overlay and now has no row is a removal this incarnation can prove: the store owned it a moment ago and does not now. It is tombstoned and its connection actor stopped.

A name that was never in the overlay is indistinguishable from one the store has never owned — a fresh incarnation cannot tell "central deleted this" from "this site keeps its connections inline". It is left to the flattened config. That asymmetry is deliberate; the alternative (infer deletion from "the definitions table is non-empty, therefore it is the complete set") would stop live connections on an inference, and is recorded as a candidate follow-up in §6.

5.3 Cost

One extra SELECT over data_connection_definitions per sweep tick (default 60 s) and once at boot, on the same task as the existing deployed-configs read. Steady state is otherwise silent: the hash guard means an unchanged connection produces no message and no log.

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6. Residuals — what this does NOT close

These are precise, and each is a candidate register row.

1. A live connection actor is still not reconfigured in place (premise correction 1.3). The DCL manager's HandleCreateConnection is create-only, so a changed configuration for a name whose actor already exists takes effect only when the connection is next created from scratch — a node restart, a singleton failover, or the connection being removed and re-added. This change makes that honest rather than silent: EnsureDclConnection now logs a Warning naming exactly that, once per changed configuration (the hash guard suppresses repeats, so a healthy site stays silent). It is not fixed here because the obvious fix is destructive: stopping and re-creating the connection actor drops every Instance Actor's tag subscription, and InstanceActor cancels its per-connection subscribe-retry timer on the first success, so nothing re-subscribes — trading "stale endpoint, data flowing" for "correct endpoint, no data until redeploy". The non-destructive fix is a ReconfigureConnectionCommand handled inside DataConnectionActor, reusing the adapter-swap machinery the primary→backup failover path already has (CountFailureAndMaybeFailover: dispose adapter, _factory.Create the new one, bump _adapterGeneration, re-enter the connect cycle, which re-issues everything from _subscriptionsByInstance). That is a Data Connection Layer change and is out of rows 89/90's scope.
2. A removal is still not durable across a restart. Tombstones are in-memory, so a connection deleted centrally and then resurrected by an instance's flattened config on the next node restart behaves as it always has. Closing this needs a durable marker or — better — flattened configs that stop carrying connection bodies at all.
3. A delete that arrives while this node has never adopted the row is undetectable (§5.2). The narrow case that remains open: the singleton moves to a node whose file already has the row deleted, and some instance's flattened config still names the connection. That node re-creates it. A stronger rule — "a non-empty definitions table is the complete set, so absence means deleted" — would close it, at the cost of stopping live connections on an inference about what central shipped; deliberately not taken.
4. Dual-active (a real partition under auto-down) is the only routine way a definition change reaches a singleton that did not process the deploy itself. It is handled correctly by §5, but it is worth naming that this is not the common path — the common path is failover/restart (§1.2).

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7. Tests

tests/ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.SiteRuntime.Tests/Actors/DclConnectionArbitrationTests.cs — 8 tests, asserting on the CreateConnectionCommand / RemoveConnectionCommand messages the DM sends to a recording stand-in for the DCL manager, and on the endpoint inside those commands (which is what distinguishes the two config sources).

Every test gates on DeploymentManagerStartupProbe for the same reason the row-78/85 suites do: a row written before the boot load reads storage is consumed by the boot load, and an ungated test would silently prove the boot load works instead of the path it names.

Fail-before evidence (behavioral revert: ApplyConnectionDefinitionOverlay made inert and the tombstone check disabled — i.e. the exact pre-fix arbitration) — 5 fail, 3 pass:

Test	Pre-fix
DefinitionRow_WinsOverAnOlderFlattenedSnapshot_WhenTheSingletonBoots	FAIL — the row-89 symptom in its failover shape (create carries the old endpoint)
DefinitionArrivingAfterBoot_IsAdoptedByTheNextSweepTick	FAIL — the CDC-delivered change is never read
DefinitionRowDisappearing_StopsTheConnection_AndItIsNotResurrected	FAIL — the row-90 symptom (orphan actor stays live)
ArtifactReconcileRemoval_IsNotResurrectedByALaterInstanceStart	FAIL — removal undone by the next instance start
ReAddedDefinition_ClearsTheTombstone_SoTheNextInstanceStartRecreatesIt	FAIL
DisagreeingSources_DoNotPingPongTheConnection_AcrossManySweeps	pass (guard against the rejected naive design)
NoDefinitionRow_LeavesTheFlattenedConfigAuthoritative_AtBoot	pass (deploy-only regression guard)
NoDefinitionRow_LeavesTheFlattenedConfigAuthoritative_OnTheSweepPath	pass (deploy-only regression guard)

The three passers are the point of passing both before and after: rule 2 must be byte-for-byte unchanged for a deploy-only site, and the ping-pong must never appear.

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8. Configuration

None added. The overlay refresh rides ScadaBridge:SiteRuntime:InstanceSweepIntervalSeconds (default 60; 0 disables the sweep and therefore the post-boot half of this convergence — the boot-time arbitration still applies, because it hangs off the startup load, not the sweep timer).

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9. Postscript — residual 1 RESOLVED (register row 97, 2026-08-17)

Appended; §6 above is left exactly as it was written.

§6 residual 1 — "a live connection actor is still not reconfigured in place" — is closed, along the sketch §6 recorded, in a Data Connection Layer change that leaves everything above untouched. The arbitration rule, the winner-resolution ordering and the tombstones are unchanged. Only what happens AFTER a change is detected changed.

9.1 The third command

EnsureDclConnection had two outcomes off its single per-name hash slot; it now has three:

Hash slot	Command sent	Log
equal	nothing	none — what keeps a healthy site silent every sweep tick
absent	CreateConnectionCommand	Created DCL connection {Connection} … (Information)
different	ReconfigureConnectionCommand	Reconfigured DCL connection {Connection} (protocol={Protocol}) in place … (Information)

The Warning §6 added to make the gap honest ("…is not reconfigured in place — it keeps serving its current configuration until it is recreated") is gone, because the sentence is no longer true.

DataConnectionManagerActor.HandleReconfigureConnection forwards the command to the connection actor that owns the name, and falls back to a create for a name it does not hold — so the command is safe whatever the manager's state, and a sender whose view of which connections exist is stale (a fresh incarnation, a node that has just taken over) still converges in one message. HandleCreateConnection itself is untouched and stays create-only.

9.2 Inside the connection actor

DataConnectionActor handles the command in all three states, and never stashes it. That is load-bearing rather than tidy: a connection pointed at a wrong or dead endpoint spends its life in Connecting or Reconnecting — exactly when a corrected configuration is sent — so a stashed reconfigure would wait for the broken configuration to succeed first.

The swap itself is the failover machinery, not a copy of it: the two failover sites and the reconfigure now share one SwapAdapter(newConfig) helper (unhook + fire-and-forget dispose → _factory.Create → rewire → bump _adapterGeneration last, so everything in flight on the outgoing adapter is recognised as stale). Then BecomeReconnecting(afterReconfigure: true):

• reconnects immediately rather than after ReconnectInterval — there is nothing to wait for, and StartSingleTimer replaces any reconnect already armed, so a reconfigure landing mid-backoff cannot leave two attempts racing;
• suppresses the unstable-disconnect accounting and the failover check — the link was dropped on purpose, and counting it as an unstable cycle could trip a failover onto the new backup before the new primary had been tried once;
• logs the site event at Info ("Connection reconfigured — reconnecting on the new configuration") instead of the Warning "Connection lost".

ReSubscribeAll / ReSubscribeAllAlarms then re-issue everything from _subscriptionsByInstance and _alarmSourceSubscribers, which the swap never touched. Subscribers do nothing and know nothing: tags go bad quality across the swap and come back Good, exactly as on a failover.

Two edge cases §6 did not name:

1. Endpoint selection is re-armed from the top. Whatever endpoint the previous configuration had failed over to, the new configuration's primary is the operator's intent — so ActiveEndpoint and both failure counters reset. Without this, a connection sitting on its old backup would apply a new configuration and immediately connect to the new backup.
2. The command is idempotent. A reconfigure carrying the configuration already in force is a no-op inside the actor. The sender is hash-gated and does not send one, but an adapter swap drops the link and re-subscribes every tag, so a duplicate must never be able to cost that.

A protocol change is supported for free: _protocolType became mutable and the factory keys off it.

9.3 What this cost the ping-pong guard

§3's guard test asserted "one create, zero removes, across many ticks". A flip would now show up as a stream of reconfigures, not creates — each one dropping the link and re-subscribing every tag. The guard asserts on both counts now; asserting only on creates would have left it silently guarding the wrong thing.

9.4 Tests

tests/…/DataConnectionLayer.Tests/Actors/DataConnectionReconfigureTests.cs — 7 tests. Fail-before evidence (behavioral revert: the three ReconfigureConnectionCommand cases removed from the state machine and the manager's forward replaced by the create-only path — i.e. the exact pre-fix behaviour) — 5 fail, 2 pass: the swap-and-re-subscribe from Connected, the generation bump, the honoured-not-stashed cases in Connecting and in Reconnecting, and the manager's forward all fail; the identical-config no-op and the unknown-name fallback-to-create pass, as guards.

DclConnectionArbitrationTests gained two (ChangedConfigurationForALiveConnection_IsSentAsA Reconfigure_NotASecondCreate, UnchangedConfiguration_SendsNeitherACreateNorAReconfigure) and DefinitionArrivingAfterBoot_IsAdoptedByTheNextSweepTick now asserts the second push is a reconfigure. With EnsureDclConnection reverted to sending a create on the change edge, 3 fail across DclConnectionArbitrationTests + DeploymentManagerMediumFindingsTests (the two changed-edge tests plus SiteRuntime-010, renamed …_ReissuesReconfigureCommand).

9.5 Residuals after this

§6 residuals 2 (a removal is not durable across a restart) and 3 (a delete is undetectable on a node that never adopted the row) are unchanged and still open. §6 residual 4 was never a gap.