using System.Data;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Text.Json;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
using NSubstitute;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Entities.ExternalSystems;
using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Interfaces.Repositories;

namespace ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.ExternalSystemGateway.Tests;

/// <summary>
/// WP-9: Tests for Database access — connection resolution, cached writes.
/// </summary>
public class DatabaseGatewayTests
{
    private readonly IExternalSystemRepository _repository = Substitute.For<IExternalSystemRepository>();

    /// <summary>
    /// Configures the repository substitute for the name-keyed connection-resolution
    /// path used by <c>DatabaseGateway</c> (ExternalSystemGateway-011). A <c>null</c>
    /// connection models a "not found" — the substitute returns <c>null</c> by default,
    /// so no stub is needed for the absent entity.
    /// </summary>
    private void StubConnection(DatabaseConnectionDefinition? connection)
    {
        if (connection != null)
        {
            _repository.GetDatabaseConnectionByNameAsync(connection.Name, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
                .Returns(connection);
        }
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task GetConnection_NotFound_Throws()
    {
        StubConnection(connection: null);

        var gateway = new DatabaseGateway(
            _repository,
            NullLogger<DatabaseGateway>.Instance);

        await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(
            () => gateway.GetConnectionAsync("nonexistent"));
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CachedWrite_NoStoreAndForward_Throws()
    {
        var conn = new DatabaseConnectionDefinition("testDb", "Server=localhost;Database=test") { Id = 1 };
        StubConnection(conn);

        var gateway = new DatabaseGateway(
            _repository,
            NullLogger<DatabaseGateway>.Instance,
            storeAndForward: null);

        await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(
            () => gateway.CachedWriteAsync("testDb", "INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)"));
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CachedWrite_ConnectionNotFound_Throws()
    {
        StubConnection(connection: null);

        var gateway = new DatabaseGateway(
            _repository,
            NullLogger<DatabaseGateway>.Instance);

        await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(
            () => gateway.CachedWriteAsync("nonexistent", "INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)"));
    }

    // ── ExternalSystemGateway-014: CachedWrite happy-path buffering ──

    [Fact]
    public async Task CachedWrite_BuffersTheWriteWithConnectionRetrySettings()
    {
        var conn = new DatabaseConnectionDefinition("testDb", "Server=localhost;Database=test")
        {
            Id = 1,
            MaxRetries = 5,
            RetryDelay = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(12),
        };
        StubConnection(conn);

        var dbName = $"EsgCachedWrite_{Guid.NewGuid():N}";
        var connStr = $"Data Source={dbName};Mode=Memory;Cache=Shared";
        using var keepAlive = new Microsoft.Data.Sqlite.SqliteConnection(connStr);
        keepAlive.Open();
        var storage = new ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardStorage(
            connStr, NullLogger<ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardStorage>.Instance);
        await storage.InitializeAsync();
        var sfOptions = new ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardOptions
        {
            DefaultMaxRetries = 99,
            DefaultRetryInterval = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10),
            RetryTimerInterval = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10),
        };
        var sf = new ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardService(
            storage, sfOptions, NullLogger<ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardService>.Instance);

        // M2.3 (#7): CachedWriteAsync now attempts the write immediately and
        // only buffers on a TRANSIENT failure. The stub forces a transient
        // outcome so this test exercises the buffering path deterministically
        // without a real SQL Server.
        var gateway = new ExecuteStubGateway(
            _repository,
            sf,
            onExecute: () => throw new TransientDatabaseException("deadlock", errorNumber: 1205));

        // Audit Log #23 (ExecutionId Task 4): a known execution id / source
        // script so the gateway -> EnqueueAsync hop can be asserted below.
        var executionId = Guid.NewGuid();
        const string sourceScript = "ScriptActor:WriteAudit";

        await gateway.CachedWriteAsync("testDb", "INSERT INTO t VALUES (@v)",
            new Dictionary<string, object?> { ["v"] = 1 },
            executionId: executionId, sourceScript: sourceScript);

        var depth = await storage.GetBufferDepthByCategoryAsync();
        Assert.Equal(1, depth[ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Types.Enums.StoreAndForwardCategory.CachedDbWrite]);

        var buffered = ReadBufferedRetrySettings(connStr);
        Assert.Equal(5, buffered.MaxRetries);
        Assert.Equal((long)TimeSpan.FromSeconds(12).TotalMilliseconds, buffered.RetryIntervalMs);

        // ExecutionId Task 4: the gateway must forward executionId / sourceScript
        // into EnqueueAsync, and the S&F layer must persist them on the
        // sf_messages row so the retry loop can stamp the right provenance.
        Assert.Equal(executionId, buffered.ExecutionId);
        Assert.Equal(sourceScript, buffered.SourceScript);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CachedWrite_ZeroMaxRetriesIsTreatedAsUnsetNotRetryForever()
    {
        // ExternalSystemGateway-015: a stored MaxRetries of 0 is interpreted by the
        // Store-and-Forward retry sweep as "no limit" (retry forever). The entity's
        // non-nullable int default is also 0, so the gateway must treat the
        // connection's MaxRetries == 0 as "unset" and pass null — the bounded S&F
        // default must apply, never 0.
        var conn = new DatabaseConnectionDefinition("testDb", "Server=localhost;Database=test")
        {
            Id = 1,
            MaxRetries = 0,
            RetryDelay = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3),
        };
        StubConnection(conn);

        var dbName = $"EsgCachedWriteZero_{Guid.NewGuid():N}";
        var connStr = $"Data Source={dbName};Mode=Memory;Cache=Shared";
        using var keepAlive = new Microsoft.Data.Sqlite.SqliteConnection(connStr);
        keepAlive.Open();
        var storage = new ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardStorage(
            connStr, NullLogger<ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardStorage>.Instance);
        await storage.InitializeAsync();
        var sfOptions = new ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardOptions
        {
            DefaultMaxRetries = 99,
            DefaultRetryInterval = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10),
            RetryTimerInterval = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10),
        };
        var sf = new ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardService(
            storage, sfOptions, NullLogger<ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardService>.Instance);

        // M2.3 (#7): force a transient outcome so the write reaches S&F.
        var gateway = new ExecuteStubGateway(
            _repository,
            sf,
            onExecute: () => throw new TransientDatabaseException("deadlock", errorNumber: 1205));

        await gateway.CachedWriteAsync("testDb", "INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)");

        var (maxRetries, _, _, _) = ReadBufferedRetrySettings(connStr);
        // Must be the bounded S&F default, never 0 — a stored 0 would mean retry-forever.
        Assert.Equal(99, maxRetries);
        Assert.NotEqual(0, maxRetries);
    }

    // ── M2.3 (#7): transient-vs-permanent SQL classification on the immediate
    //    cached-write attempt + the buffered retry path ──

    /// <summary>
    /// Builds a real, initialised in-memory store-and-forward service plus a
    /// keep-alive connection (the SQLite shared-cache DB lives only while a
    /// connection is open). The caller disposes <paramref name="keepAlive"/>.
    /// </summary>
    private static (ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardService Sf, string ConnStr, Microsoft.Data.Sqlite.SqliteConnection KeepAlive)
        NewStoreAndForward()
    {
        var dbName = $"EsgCachedWriteClassify_{Guid.NewGuid():N}";
        var connStr = $"Data Source={dbName};Mode=Memory;Cache=Shared";
        var keepAlive = new Microsoft.Data.Sqlite.SqliteConnection(connStr);
        keepAlive.Open();
        var storage = new ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardStorage(
            connStr, NullLogger<ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardStorage>.Instance);
        storage.InitializeAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
        var sfOptions = new ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardOptions
        {
            DefaultMaxRetries = 99,
            DefaultRetryInterval = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10),
            RetryTimerInterval = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10),
        };
        var sf = new ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardService(
            storage, sfOptions, NullLogger<ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardService>.Instance);
        return (sf, connStr, keepAlive);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CachedWrite_PermanentSqlError_ReturnsFailedSynchronously_NotBuffered()
    {
        // A constraint/syntax/permission failure on the IMMEDIATE attempt must
        // be returned to the script as Failed and must NOT be buffered — mirrors
        // ExternalSystemClient.CachedCallAsync's PermanentExternalSystemException
        // path.
        var conn = new DatabaseConnectionDefinition("testDb", "Server=localhost;Database=test") { Id = 1 };
        StubConnection(conn);

        var (sf, connStr, keepAlive) = NewStoreAndForward();
        using var _ = keepAlive;

        var gateway = new ExecuteStubGateway(
            _repository,
            sf,
            onExecute: () => throw new PermanentDatabaseException(
                "Violation of PRIMARY KEY constraint", errorNumber: 2627));

        var result = await gateway.CachedWriteAsync("testDb", "INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)");

        Assert.False(result.Success);
        Assert.False(result.WasBuffered);
        Assert.NotNull(result.ErrorMessage);

        // Nothing buffered — the permanent failure short-circuited S&F.
        Assert.Equal(0, ReadBufferDepth(connStr));
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CachedWrite_TransientSqlError_BuffersToStoreAndForward()
    {
        // A deadlock / timeout on the IMMEDIATE attempt is transient — the write
        // is handed to S&F (WasBuffered=true), not returned as Failed.
        var conn = new DatabaseConnectionDefinition("testDb", "Server=localhost;Database=test")
        {
            Id = 1,
            MaxRetries = 5,
            RetryDelay = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(12),
        };
        StubConnection(conn);

        var (sf, connStr, keepAlive) = NewStoreAndForward();
        using var _ = keepAlive;

        var gateway = new ExecuteStubGateway(
            _repository,
            sf,
            onExecute: () => throw new TransientDatabaseException(
                "Transaction was deadlocked", errorNumber: 1205));

        var result = await gateway.CachedWriteAsync(
            "testDb", "UPDATE t SET v = 1", new Dictionary<string, object?> { ["x"] = 1 });

        Assert.True(result.Success);     // accepted for delivery
        Assert.True(result.WasBuffered); // handed to S&F, not synchronously failed
        Assert.Null(result.ErrorMessage);

        Assert.Equal(1, ReadBufferDepth(connStr));
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CachedWrite_ImmediateSuccess_NotBuffered_ReturnsDelivered()
    {
        // A write that succeeds immediately is done — it must NOT be buffered,
        // and the result reports success (WasBuffered=false), mirroring the API
        // path's immediate-success behaviour.
        var conn = new DatabaseConnectionDefinition("testDb", "Server=localhost;Database=test") { Id = 1 };
        StubConnection(conn);

        var (sf, connStr, keepAlive) = NewStoreAndForward();
        using var _ = keepAlive;

        var gateway = new ExecuteStubGateway(_repository, sf, onExecute: () => { /* succeeds */ });

        var result = await gateway.CachedWriteAsync("testDb", "INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)");

        Assert.True(result.Success);
        Assert.False(result.WasBuffered);
        Assert.Null(result.ErrorMessage);

        Assert.Equal(0, ReadBufferDepth(connStr));
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task DeliverBuffered_TransientSqlError_RethrowsSoEngineRetries()
    {
        // On the retry path a transient failure must propagate so the S&F engine
        // schedules another retry — mirrors ExternalSystemClient.DeliverBuffered
        // letting TransientExternalSystemException escape.
        var conn = new DatabaseConnectionDefinition("testDb", "Server=localhost;Database=test") { Id = 1 };
        StubConnection(conn);

        var gateway = new ExecuteStubGateway(
            _repository,
            storeAndForward: null,
            onExecute: () => throw new TransientDatabaseException("timeout", errorNumber: -2));

        var message = new ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardMessage
        {
            Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
            Category = ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Types.Enums.StoreAndForwardCategory.CachedDbWrite,
            Target = "testDb",
            PayloadJson =
                """{"ConnectionName":"testDb","Sql":"INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)","Parameters":null}""",
        };

        await Assert.ThrowsAsync<TransientDatabaseException>(
            () => gateway.DeliverBufferedAsync(message));
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task DeliverBuffered_PermanentSqlError_ReturnsFalseSoMessageParks()
    {
        // On the retry path a permanent failure must park the message (return
        // false) rather than retry forever — mirrors ExternalSystemClient.
        // DeliverBuffered returning false on PermanentExternalSystemException.
        var conn = new DatabaseConnectionDefinition("testDb", "Server=localhost;Database=test") { Id = 1 };
        StubConnection(conn);

        var gateway = new ExecuteStubGateway(
            _repository,
            storeAndForward: null,
            onExecute: () => throw new PermanentDatabaseException(
                "Invalid column name", errorNumber: 207));

        var message = new ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardMessage
        {
            Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
            Category = ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Types.Enums.StoreAndForwardCategory.CachedDbWrite,
            Target = "testDb",
            PayloadJson =
                """{"ConnectionName":"testDb","Sql":"INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)","Parameters":null}""",
        };

        var delivered = await gateway.DeliverBufferedAsync(message);

        Assert.False(delivered); // permanent — the S&F engine parks the message
    }

    // ── M2.3 (#7) code-review fix: ExecuteWriteAsync must classify NON-SqlException
    //    DB outages as transient (buffer+retry) and propagate cancellation —
    //    mirroring the HTTP path's ordered catches in InvokeHttpAsync. The pre-fix
    //    code only caught SqlException, so a live outage surfacing as
    //    InvalidOperationException / SocketException / IOException / TimeoutException
    //    escaped unclassified and crashed the Script Execution Actor instead of
    //    buffering. These tests drive the RAW execution seam (RunSqlAsync) so the
    //    PRODUCTION classification in ExecuteWriteAsync runs end-to-end. ──

    public static IEnumerable<object[]> TransientNonSqlOutages()
    {
        // A live DB outage that surfaces as a non-SqlException: connection-state,
        // socket, IO, and timeout failures are all retryable transport errors.
        yield return new object[] { new InvalidOperationException("The connection is not open.") };
        yield return new object[] { new System.Net.Sockets.SocketException(10061 /* connection refused */) };
        yield return new object[] { new System.IO.IOException("Unable to read data from the transport connection.") };
        yield return new object[] { new TimeoutException("The operation has timed out.") };
    }

    [Theory]
    [MemberData(nameof(TransientNonSqlOutages))]
    public async Task CachedWrite_NonSqlOutage_ClassifiedTransient_BuffersNotCrash(Exception outage)
    {
        // [1] A live outage that is NOT a SqlException must be classified TRANSIENT
        // (buffered for retry), NOT escape unclassified to crash the script actor,
        // and NOT be returned as a permanent Failed result.
        var conn = new DatabaseConnectionDefinition("testDb", "Server=localhost;Database=test")
        {
            Id = 1,
            MaxRetries = 5,
            RetryDelay = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(12),
        };
        StubConnection(conn);

        var (sf, connStr, keepAlive) = NewStoreAndForward();
        using var _ = keepAlive;

        // RawExecuteStubGateway routes the raw throw through the PRODUCTION
        // ExecuteWriteAsync classification (the seam under test), unlike
        // ExecuteStubGateway which throws an already-classified exception.
        var gateway = new RawExecuteStubGateway(_repository, sf, onRunSql: () => throw outage);

        var result = await gateway.CachedWriteAsync("testDb", "INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)");

        Assert.True(result.Success);      // accepted for delivery, not a crash
        Assert.True(result.WasBuffered);  // handed to S&F as transient
        Assert.Null(result.ErrorMessage); // not a permanent Failed result

        Assert.Equal(1, ReadBufferDepth(connStr));
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CachedWrite_CancellationRequested_PropagatesOperationCanceled_NotReclassified()
    {
        // [2] OperationCanceledException raised while the caller's token is
        // cancelled must propagate UNCHANGED — never reclassified as a transient
        // DB error and never buffered. Mirrors the HTTP path's first catch:
        // `catch (OperationCanceledException) when (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested) throw;`
        var conn = new DatabaseConnectionDefinition("testDb", "Server=localhost;Database=test") { Id = 1 };
        StubConnection(conn);

        var (sf, connStr, keepAlive) = NewStoreAndForward();
        using var _ = keepAlive;

        using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
        cts.Cancel();

        var gateway = new RawExecuteStubGateway(
            _repository, sf, onRunSql: () => throw new OperationCanceledException(cts.Token));

        await Assert.ThrowsAsync<OperationCanceledException>(
            () => gateway.CachedWriteAsync("testDb", "INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)", cancellationToken: cts.Token));

        // Cancellation is not a transient failure — nothing must have been buffered.
        Assert.Equal(0, ReadBufferDepth(connStr));
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CachedWrite_UnexpectedException_Propagates_NotClassifiedTransient()
    {
        // An exception type outside the transient transport set (e.g.
        // ArgumentException) is NOT a DB outage — it must propagate, exactly as
        // the HTTP path lets genuinely-unexpected exceptions escape past
        // `catch (Exception ex) when (ErrorClassifier.IsTransient(ex))`.
        var conn = new DatabaseConnectionDefinition("testDb", "Server=localhost;Database=test") { Id = 1 };
        StubConnection(conn);

        var (sf, connStr, keepAlive) = NewStoreAndForward();
        using var _ = keepAlive;

        var gateway = new RawExecuteStubGateway(
            _repository, sf, onRunSql: () => throw new ArgumentException("authoring bug"));

        await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ArgumentException>(
            () => gateway.CachedWriteAsync("testDb", "INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)"));

        Assert.Equal(0, ReadBufferDepth(connStr));
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task DeliverBuffered_NonSqlOutage_RethrowsAsTransient_SoEngineRetries()
    {
        // [1] on the RETRY path: a non-SqlException outage during delivery must be
        // classified transient and propagate (as TransientDatabaseException) so
        // the S&F engine schedules another retry — it must NOT crash/park.
        var conn = new DatabaseConnectionDefinition("testDb", "Server=localhost;Database=test") { Id = 1 };
        StubConnection(conn);

        var gateway = new RawExecuteStubGateway(
            _repository,
            storeAndForward: null,
            onRunSql: () => throw new InvalidOperationException("The connection is not open."));

        var message = new ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardMessage
        {
            Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
            Category = ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Types.Enums.StoreAndForwardCategory.CachedDbWrite,
            Target = "testDb",
            PayloadJson =
                """{"ConnectionName":"testDb","Sql":"INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)","Parameters":null}""",
        };

        await Assert.ThrowsAsync<TransientDatabaseException>(
            () => gateway.DeliverBufferedAsync(message));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Reads the current buffered-message count off the S&amp;F SQLite DB by
    /// counting <c>sf_messages</c> rows (the engine's persistence table).
    /// </summary>
    private static int ReadBufferDepth(string connStr)
    {
        using var conn = new Microsoft.Data.Sqlite.SqliteConnection(connStr);
        conn.Open();
        using var cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
        cmd.CommandText = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sf_messages";
        return Convert.ToInt32(cmd.ExecuteScalar());
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Test gateway that substitutes the SQL-execution seam so a test can drive
    /// success / transient / permanent outcomes without a real SQL Server (and
    /// without fabricating a <see cref="Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlException"/>,
    /// which has no public constructor). Production classifies a real
    /// <c>SqlException</c> into <see cref="TransientDatabaseException"/> /
    /// <see cref="PermanentDatabaseException"/> at this same seam.
    /// </summary>
    private sealed class ExecuteStubGateway : DatabaseGateway
    {
        private readonly Action _onExecute;

        public ExecuteStubGateway(
            IExternalSystemRepository repository,
            ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardService? storeAndForward,
            Action onExecute)
            : base(repository, NullLogger<DatabaseGateway>.Instance, storeAndForward)
            => _onExecute = onExecute;

        internal override Task ExecuteWriteAsync(
            string connectionName,
            string connectionString,
            string sql,
            IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> parameters,
            CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            _onExecute();
            return Task.CompletedTask;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Test gateway that substitutes the INNER SQL-execution seam
    /// (<c>RunSqlAsync</c>) so a test can throw RAW exceptions (a real outage
    /// shape: <see cref="InvalidOperationException"/>, <see cref="System.Net.Sockets.SocketException"/>,
    /// etc.) and have them flow through the PRODUCTION
    /// <c>ExecuteWriteAsync</c> classification (the catch ordering under test) —
    /// unlike <see cref="ExecuteStubGateway"/>, which throws an
    /// already-classified <see cref="TransientDatabaseException"/> /
    /// <see cref="PermanentDatabaseException"/> and so bypasses the catches.
    /// </summary>
    private sealed class RawExecuteStubGateway : DatabaseGateway
    {
        private readonly Action _onRunSql;

        public RawExecuteStubGateway(
            IExternalSystemRepository repository,
            ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardService? storeAndForward,
            Action onRunSql)
            : base(repository, NullLogger<DatabaseGateway>.Instance, storeAndForward)
            => _onRunSql = onRunSql;

        internal override Task RunSqlAsync(
            string connectionString,
            string sql,
            IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> parameters,
            CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            _onRunSql();
            return Task.CompletedTask;
        }
    }

    private static (int MaxRetries, long RetryIntervalMs, Guid? ExecutionId, string? SourceScript)
        ReadBufferedRetrySettings(string connStr)
    {
        using var conn = new Microsoft.Data.Sqlite.SqliteConnection(connStr);
        conn.Open();
        using var cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
        cmd.CommandText =
            "SELECT max_retries, retry_interval_ms, execution_id, source_script FROM sf_messages";
        using var reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
        Assert.True(reader.Read(), "expected exactly one buffered message");
        var result = (
            reader.GetInt32(0),
            reader.GetInt64(1),
            reader.IsDBNull(2) ? (Guid?)null : Guid.Parse(reader.GetString(2)),
            reader.IsDBNull(3) ? null : reader.GetString(3));
        Assert.False(reader.Read(), "expected exactly one buffered message");
        return result;
    }

    // ── ExternalSystemGateway-001: buffered CachedDbWrite delivery handler ──

    [Fact]
    public async Task DeliverBuffered_ConnectionNoLongerExists_ReturnsFalseSoMessageParks()
    {
        StubConnection(connection: null);
        var gateway = new DatabaseGateway(_repository, NullLogger<DatabaseGateway>.Instance);

        var message = new ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardMessage
        {
            Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
            Category = ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Types.Enums.StoreAndForwardCategory.CachedDbWrite,
            Target = "gone-db",
            PayloadJson =
                """{"ConnectionName":"gone-db","Sql":"INSERT INTO t VALUES (1)","Parameters":null}""",
        };

        var delivered = await gateway.DeliverBufferedAsync(message);

        Assert.False(delivered); // permanent — the S&F engine parks the message
    }

    // ── ExternalSystemGateway-018: malformed JSON payload must park, not retry-forever ──

    [Fact]
    public async Task DeliverBuffered_MalformedJsonPayload_ReturnsFalseSoMessageParks()
    {
        // No connection stub needed — deserialization fails before any
        // resolution or SQL execution. If the JsonException were to escape (the
        // pre-018 behaviour) the S&F engine would treat it as transient and
        // retry the same poison row forever.
        var gateway = new DatabaseGateway(_repository, NullLogger<DatabaseGateway>.Instance);

        var poisonMessage = new ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.StoreAndForward.StoreAndForwardMessage
        {
            Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
            Category = ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Commons.Types.Enums.StoreAndForwardCategory.CachedDbWrite,
            Target = "someDb",
            // Truncated mid-write — `{` opens an object that never closes.
            PayloadJson = "{\"ConnectionName\":\"someDb\",\"Sql\":\"INSERT",
        };

        var delivered = await gateway.DeliverBufferedAsync(poisonMessage);

        Assert.False(delivered); // permanent — the S&F engine parks the message
    }

    // ── ExternalSystemGateway-020: decimal SQL parameter precision survives JsonElement round-trip ──

    [Fact]
    public void JsonElementToParameterValue_DecimalShapedNumber_PreservesPrecisionViaDecimal()
    {
        // A script's decimal SQL parameter is serialised as a bare JSON number
        // (System.Text.Json has no decimal type tag), then on the cached-write
        // retry path the buffered payload is re-deserialised into a
        // JsonElement and the gateway must materialise a CLR value for the
        // parameter. Pre-020 it called GetDouble() for any non-Int64 number,
        // which silently downcast every decimal to a binary float and lost
        // precision (1234567890.1234567890 -> 1234567890.1234567 as double).
        // The 020 fix prefers decimal — round-tripping must preserve every
        // digit of an authoring-time decimal value.
        const string authoredJson = "1234567890.1234567890";

        // Round-trip through JsonElement, mirroring the buffered-payload path.
        using var document = JsonDocument.Parse(authoredJson);
        var element = document.RootElement;

        var materialised = DatabaseGateway.JsonElementToParameterValue(element);

        // The materialised value must be the original decimal, not a double.
        // Asserting on the type alone is enough to fail pre-020 (which
        // produced a System.Double); the value assertion locks in the
        // precision invariant.
        var asDecimal = Assert.IsType<decimal>(materialised);
        Assert.Equal(1234567890.1234567890m, asDecimal);
    }

    [Fact]
    public void JsonElementToParameterValue_WholeNumber_FastPathReturnsLong()
    {
        // Whole numbers must keep the existing Int64 fast path — the 020 fix
        // is "long first, then decimal, then double", not "decimal first".
        using var document = JsonDocument.Parse("42");
        var element = document.RootElement;

        var materialised = DatabaseGateway.JsonElementToParameterValue(element);

        Assert.IsType<long>(materialised);
        Assert.Equal(42L, materialised);
    }

    [Fact]
    public void JsonElementToParameterValue_OutOfDecimalRangeNumber_FallsThroughToDouble()
    {
        // A genuinely out-of-decimal-range value (e.g. very large scientific
        // notation) must still fall through to double rather than throw — the
        // decimal probe is a precision-preserving preference, not a hard
        // requirement.
        using var document = JsonDocument.Parse("1e40");
        var element = document.RootElement;

        var materialised = DatabaseGateway.JsonElementToParameterValue(element);

        Assert.IsType<double>(materialised);
        Assert.Equal(1e40, (double)materialised);
    }

    // ── ExternalSystemGateway-010: SqlConnection must not leak when OpenAsync fails ──

    [Fact]
    public async Task GetConnection_OpenFails_DisposesConnectionBeforeRethrowing()
    {
        var conn = new DatabaseConnectionDefinition("testDb", "Server=localhost;Database=test") { Id = 1 };
        StubConnection(conn);

        var fake = new ThrowingDbConnection();
        var gateway = new ConnectionFactoryStubGateway(_repository, fake);

        await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(
            () => gateway.GetConnectionAsync("testDb"));

        Assert.True(fake.WasDisposed, "The SqlConnection was leaked — it must be disposed when OpenAsync fails");
    }

    /// <summary>Test gateway that substitutes the connection factory with a stub.</summary>
    private sealed class ConnectionFactoryStubGateway : DatabaseGateway
    {
        private readonly DbConnection _connection;

        public ConnectionFactoryStubGateway(IExternalSystemRepository repository, DbConnection connection)
            : base(repository, NullLogger<DatabaseGateway>.Instance) => _connection = connection;

        internal override DbConnection CreateConnection(string connectionString) => _connection;
    }

    /// <summary>A DbConnection whose OpenAsync always fails, tracking whether it was disposed.</summary>
    private sealed class ThrowingDbConnection : DbConnection
    {
        public bool WasDisposed { get; private set; }

        public override Task OpenAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
            throw new InvalidOperationException("simulated open failure");
        public override void Open() => throw new InvalidOperationException("simulated open failure");

        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing) WasDisposed = true;
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        public override ValueTask DisposeAsync()
        {
            WasDisposed = true;
            return base.DisposeAsync();
        }

        // Unused abstract members.
        [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.AllowNull]
        public override string ConnectionString { get; set; } = string.Empty;
        public override string Database => string.Empty;
        public override string DataSource => string.Empty;
        public override string ServerVersion => string.Empty;
        public override ConnectionState State => ConnectionState.Closed;
        public override void ChangeDatabase(string databaseName) => throw new NotSupportedException();
        public override void Close() { }
        protected override DbTransaction BeginDbTransaction(IsolationLevel il) => throw new NotSupportedException();
        protected override DbCommand CreateDbCommand() => throw new NotSupportedException();
    }
}