feat(cluster): opt-in leader-auto-down strategy - in-repo port of Akka AutoDowning (ScadaBridge#106)

Adds LeaderAutoDowningProvider (Host/Actors), a line-for-line port of Akka.NET
1.5.62 AutoDowning/AutoDown/AutoDownBase read from the decompiled assembly: the
leader among the reachable members downs a peer unreachable for StableAfter; a
non-leader records it as pending and downs it on becoming leader; reachable-again
or removed members are forgotten; Down/Exiting members are skipped. Its window is
carried under scadabridge.cluster.leader-auto-down.unreachable-after, so no
deprecated auto-down-unreachable-after key is emitted and Akka's boot-time
"keep-majority will be used instead" warning goes away. DownRemovalMargin reads
akka.cluster.down-removal-margin exactly as AutoDowning does (default off).

New SplitBrainResolverStrategy value "leader-auto-down", wired through BuildHocon
and ClusterOptionsValidator. The default stays "auto-down"; auto-down and
keep-oldest HOCON is byte-identical to before. Placed in Host, not
ClusterInfrastructure, per the Code Placement rule (ClusterInfrastructure stays
Akka-free).

Tests: HOCON + validator units; LeaderAutoDownTests ports Akka's AutoDownSpec
cases (leader-only, pending-on-leader-change, losing leadership, reachable again,
removed, Down/Exiting skipped, single Down per member); LeaderAutoDownFailoverTests
clones SbrFailoverTests' oldest-crash and younger-crash cases on a real two-node
cluster plus a test that Akka actually loaded the provider and its downing actor.
Mutation-checked: a provider that never calls Cluster.Down fails both failover
tests; never-downs, leader-check-dropped, reachable-ignored and pending-not-flushed
mutations each fail the unit tests.

Remaining gate before switching the default: the docker failover drill
(DRILL_MODE=active and standby mode) on leader-auto-down.

Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GT67AEHd2Acv1YPwGfXEoV

CLAUDE.md

@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ spec for each is `docs/requirements/Component-<Name>.md`, and `README.md` carrie
 - **Inbound API key store — per node by default, shared on central pairs (2026-09-02, register row 108).** The shared `ZB.MOM.WW.Auth.ApiKeys` library stores inbound keys in **SQLite per node** unless `ScadaBridge:InboundApi:ApiKeyStore:Provider=SqlServer`, which points both central nodes at the same `zbauth` schema in the configuration database (library `ZB.MOM.WW.Auth.ApiKeys.SqlServer` 0.3.0) — under `SqlServer`, create/revoke/rotate/scope changes are cluster-wide immediately; a node's existing SQLite file is imported once at boot (insert-where-absent, safe on both nodes of a pair) and renamed `*.imported`. Central pairs **MUST** run `Provider=SqlServer` — a clustered Central left on `Sqlite` boots fine but `StartupValidator` logs a Warning, because a failover otherwise 401s every inbound client until keys are re-issued on the survivor. Both docker rigs (`docker/`, `docker-env2/`) run `SqlServer`; QA (`vq03`/`vq04`) runs `SqlServer` for both inbound keys and secrets since 2026-10-22 (deployment record `2026-10-22-wonder-app-vq03-vq04-3808b49f.md`); prod (`vd03`, single node) is not switched. The boot import's `*.imported` rename needs the importer's pooled SQLite handle released first — Windows refuses to rename an open file (fixed `6ed6800b`; pre-fix Windows builds need the manual rename in the runbook). Design: `docs/plans/2026-09-02-inbound-api-key-shared-store-design.md`; runbook: `docs/operations/inbound-api-key-reissue.md` → *Central pairs*.
 
 ### Cluster & Failover
-- **`auto-down` downing strategy (decision 2026-07-21 — availability over partition-safety).** Akka's `AutoDowning` provider, `auto-down-unreachable-after` = 15s: the leader among the REACHABLE members downs the unreachable peer, so a hard crash of EITHER node (active/oldest included) fails over to the survivor in ~25s. Accepted trade: a real partition → dual-active until an operator restarts one side. `keep-oldest` remains a supported `SplitBrainResolverStrategy` value (partition-safe, but an oldest-crash is a total outage — Akka's `down-if-alone` only rescues a side with ≥2 members, proven live + in 1.5.62 source). Decision record: `docs/plans/2026-07-21-auto-down-availability-decision.md`. **Ignore the boot-time Akka warning claiming "keep-majority will be used instead"** — drill-verified benign (2026-08-15, decision-doc postscript): the substitution does not happen with the explicit `AutoDowning` provider-class `BuildHocon` sets. But `AutoDowning` IS deprecated, so **every Akka.NET version bump must re-run `DRILL_MODE=active bash docker/failover-drill.sh`** (register row 70).
+- **`auto-down` downing strategy (decision 2026-07-21 — availability over partition-safety).** Akka's `AutoDowning` provider, `auto-down-unreachable-after` = 15s: the leader among the REACHABLE members downs the unreachable peer, so a hard crash of EITHER node (active/oldest included) fails over to the survivor in ~25s. Accepted trade: a real partition → dual-active until an operator restarts one side. `keep-oldest` remains a supported `SplitBrainResolverStrategy` value (partition-safe, but an oldest-crash is a total outage — Akka's `down-if-alone` only rescues a side with ≥2 members, proven live + in 1.5.62 source). Decision record: `docs/plans/2026-07-21-auto-down-availability-decision.md`. **Ignore the boot-time Akka warning claiming "keep-majority will be used instead"** — drill-verified benign (2026-08-15, decision-doc postscript): the substitution does not happen with the explicit `AutoDowning` provider-class `BuildHocon` sets. But `AutoDowning` IS deprecated, so **every Akka.NET version bump must re-run `DRILL_MODE=active bash docker/failover-drill.sh`** (register row 70). **Replacement ready, opt-in (ScadaBridge#106):** `SplitBrainResolverStrategy: leader-auto-down` loads the in-repo `LeaderAutoDowningProvider` (Host, a line-for-line port of 1.5.62 `AutoDowning`; no deprecated key, no deprecation warning). It is NOT the default — flip only after the docker failover drill passes on it.
 - Both nodes are seed nodes. `min-nr-of-members = 1`.
 - Failure detection: 2s heartbeat, 10s threshold. Total failover ~25s (drill-measured 2026-07-21 under auto-down: active-crash TAKEOVER in 28s, standby-crash removal in 27s with 0 routing blips — `docker/failover-drill.sh`).
 - CoordinatedShutdown for graceful singleton handover.

docs/plans/2026-11-09-autodowning-replacement-plan.md

@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 # Replacing Akka `AutoDowning` before an Akka.NET upgrade removes it (plan, 2026-11-09)
 
 **Status: PLAN ONLY (ScadaBridge#51, register row 70).** No config or code changes are made by this document.
+
+**Update 2026-11-09 (ScadaBridge#106):** option B is implemented as the opt-in strategy `leader-auto-down`
+(`LeaderAutoDowningProvider`, placed in **Host** rather than ClusterInfrastructure: the Code Placement rule in
+`Component-ClusterInfrastructure.md` keeps ClusterInfrastructure Akka-free, and the provider is runtime wiring).
+`DownRemovalMargin` matches `AutoDowning` exactly (`akka.cluster.down-removal-margin`, default off), not a `StableAfter`-derived value.
+Unit, HOCON, validator and two-node real-cluster tests are green. Remaining gate before switching the default: the
+docker failover drill (section 6) on the new value, then the per-environment rollout in section 5.
 Related decision: [`2026-07-21-auto-down-availability-decision.md`](2026-07-21-auto-down-availability-decision.md).
 
 ## 1. Current state (read from the code)

docs/requirements/Component-ClusterInfrastructure.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ realised across two projects:
   timings, split-brain settings) bound from `appsettings.json` via the Options pattern.
 - **`src/ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Host`** owns the cluster **bootstrap and runtime wiring**: it
   builds the Akka.NET HOCON from `ClusterOptions`, starts the `ActorSystem`,
-  configures the downing strategy (`auto-down` by default; `keep-oldest` with `down-if-alone` is the opt-in alternative), wires
+  configures the downing strategy (`auto-down` by default; `leader-auto-down`, the in-repo port, and `keep-oldest` with `down-if-alone` are the opt-in alternatives), wires
   `CoordinatedShutdown` into the service lifecycle, and provides active-node /
   cluster-membership health checks. See `Component-Host.md` (REQ-HOST-*) for detail.
 
@@ -100,6 +100,10 @@ Akka.NET cluster singletons run on the active node of their cluster and migrate
 - **The accepted trade: dual-active during a real network partition.** With both nodes alive but partitioned, each side downs the other and continues as a one-node cluster — both claim active until the partition heals and an operator restarts one side (the restarted node rejoins the other as a fresh incarnation). This trade was chosen deliberately: site pairs run one node per VM with no shared lease infrastructure (no Kubernetes, no SQL at sites) to arbitrate, and a stalled system is a bigger operational risk than a rare LAN partition.
 - **Stable-after duration**: 15 seconds of sustained unreachability before downing. This prevents premature downing during startup, rolling restarts, or transient network blips.
 
+### `leader-auto-down` — the in-repo port (ScadaBridge#106, opt-in, not yet the default)
+
+Akka deprecated `AutoDowning` in 1.5.2 and will remove it in a future release. `SplitBrainResolverStrategy: leader-auto-down` selects `LeaderAutoDowningProvider` (`src/ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Host/Actors/LeaderAutoDowningProvider.cs`), a line-for-line port of the 1.5.62 `AutoDowning`/`AutoDown`/`AutoDownBase` logic: identical leader-only, reachable-again and removed-member semantics, and the same `StableAfter` window. `BuildHocon` emits `downing-provider-class = "ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Host.Actors.LeaderAutoDowningProvider, ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Host"` and carries the window under `scadabridge.cluster.leader-auto-down.unreachable-after`, so no `auto-down-unreachable-after` key is emitted and Akka's boot-time deprecation warning is not logged. The default stays `auto-down` until the docker failover drill (`DRILL_MODE=active` and standby mode) passes on the new value; switching is an appsettings flip on both nodes of a pair together, and rollback is flipping back. Plan: `docs/plans/2026-11-09-autodowning-replacement-plan.md`.
+
 ### Why not the alternatives (all verified against Akka.NET 1.5.62 source, 2026-07-21)
 
 - **keep-oldest** (used until 2026-07-21): partition-safe, but in a two-node cluster a crash of the **oldest** is a total outage. `KeepOldest.OldestDecision` only lets `down-if-alone` rescue the survivor when the surviving side has **≥ 2 members** (`otherSide == 1 && thisSide >= 2`); with 1-vs-1 the younger survivor takes `DownReachable` — it downs *itself*. Verified live on the docker rig: the survivor logged `SBR took decision Akka.Cluster.SBR.DownReachable … including myself`, exited, and looped on `InitJoin`. The strategy remains supported in `ClusterOptions` (`SplitBrainResolverStrategy: keep-oldest`) for deployments that prefer partition-safety over availability.

src/ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.ClusterInfrastructure/ClusterOptions.cs

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public class ClusterOptions
     public List<string> SeedNodes { get; set; } = new();
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Downing strategy for unreachable members. Two supported values:
+    /// Downing strategy for unreachable members. Three supported values:
     /// <list type="bullet">
     /// <item><c>auto-down</c> (default, decision 2026-07-21) — availability-first: each
     /// side downs the unreachable peer after <see cref="StableAfter"/>, so a hard crash
@@ -59,6 +59,12 @@ public class ClusterOptions
     /// an operator restarts one side. Chosen because ScadaBridge pairs run one node per
     /// VM with no shared lease infrastructure, and a stalled system is a bigger risk
     /// than a rare partition.</item>
+    /// <item><c>leader-auto-down</c> (opt-in, ScadaBridge#106) — identical semantics to
+    /// <c>auto-down</c>, implemented by the in-repo <c>LeaderAutoDowningProvider</c> (Host) instead
+    /// of Akka's deprecated <c>AutoDowning</c>, so it survives that provider's removal from a
+    /// future Akka.NET and does not log the boot-time deprecation warning. Not yet the default:
+    /// the docker failover drill must pass on it first
+    /// (<c>docs/plans/2026-11-09-autodowning-replacement-plan.md</c>).</item>
     /// <item><c>keep-oldest</c> — partition-safe SBR: downs the side without the oldest
     /// member. In a TWO-node cluster this makes a crash of the oldest/active node a
     /// total outage: Akka's <c>down-if-alone</c> only rescues the survivor when its own

src/ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.ClusterInfrastructure/ClusterOptionsValidator.cs

@@ -20,10 +20,13 @@ public sealed class ClusterOptionsValidator : OptionsValidatorBase<ClusterOption
     /// <c>static-quorum</c> quorum-size 1 trips Akka's IsTooManyMembers guard (DownAll
     /// on any unreachability in a 2-node cluster) and <c>keep-majority</c> keys the
     /// fatal crash to the lowest-address node instead of the oldest.
+    /// <c>leader-auto-down</c> (ScadaBridge#106) is the in-repo port of <c>auto-down</c>
+    /// (same semantics, no dependency on Akka's deprecated <c>AutoDowning</c>).
     /// </summary>
     private static readonly HashSet<string> AllowedStrategies = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
     {
         "auto-down",
+        "leader-auto-down",
         "keep-oldest"
     };
 
@@ -48,7 +51,7 @@ public sealed class ClusterOptionsValidator : OptionsValidatorBase<ClusterOption
         builder.RequireThat(
             !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(options.SplitBrainResolverStrategy)
             && AllowedStrategies.Contains(options.SplitBrainResolverStrategy),
-            $"ClusterOptions.SplitBrainResolverStrategy must be 'auto-down' or 'keep-oldest' for a " +
+            $"ClusterOptions.SplitBrainResolverStrategy must be 'auto-down', 'leader-auto-down' or 'keep-oldest' for a " +
             $"two-node cluster; '{options.SplitBrainResolverStrategy}' would risk a total cluster " +
             "shutdown on a partition or an unreachability event.");
 
@@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ public sealed class ClusterOptionsValidator : OptionsValidatorBase<ClusterOption
             $"FailureDetectionThreshold ({options.FailureDetectionThreshold}); otherwise nodes are " +
             "declared unreachable before a heartbeat can arrive.");
 
-        // DownIfAlone is a keep-oldest knob; under auto-down each side downs the
+        // DownIfAlone is a keep-oldest knob; under (leader-)auto-down each side downs the
         // unreachable peer regardless, so the flag is inert and any value is fine.
         var isKeepOldest = string.Equals(
             options.SplitBrainResolverStrategy, "keep-oldest", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

src/ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Host/Actors/AkkaHostedService.cs

@@ -235,7 +235,11 @@ public class AkkaHostedService : IHostedService
     /// <see cref="ClusterOptions.StableAfter"/> — the leader among the REACHABLE members
     /// downs the unreachable peer, so a crash of either node (oldest included) fails
     /// over to the survivor; the accepted trade is dual-active during a real network
-    /// partition. Any other value takes the SBR path, where the
+    /// partition. <c>leader-auto-down</c> (ScadaBridge#106, opt-in) installs the in-repo
+    /// <see cref="LeaderAutoDowningProvider"/> — the same semantics without Akka's deprecated
+    /// provider — with its duration at
+    /// <see cref="LeaderAutoDowningProvider.UnreachableAfterPath"/>.
+    /// Any other value takes the SBR path, where the
     /// <c>keep-oldest down-if-alone</c> flag is emitted from
     /// <see cref="ClusterOptions.DownIfAlone"/> rather than hard-coded, so the bound
     /// configuration value is actually consumed.
@@ -280,10 +284,17 @@ public class AkkaHostedService : IHostedService
         // accepted trade — decision 2026-07-21). Anything else: the SBR provider with
         // the configured active-strategy (keep-oldest), which is partition-safe but
         // cannot survive a crash of the oldest node in a two-node cluster.
-        var downingBlock = string.Equals(
+        //
-            clusterOptions.SplitBrainResolverStrategy, "auto-down", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+        // leader-auto-down (ScadaBridge#106, opt-in): the in-repo LeaderAutoDowningProvider — a
+        // port of AutoDowning with identical semantics that survives AutoDowning's eventual
+        // removal from Akka.NET. Its duration lives under our own key, so no
+        // auto-down-unreachable-after is emitted (which also silences Akka's deprecation warning).
+        var strategy = clusterOptions.SplitBrainResolverStrategy;
+        var downingBlock = string.Equals(strategy, "auto-down", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
             ? $@"downing-provider-class = ""Akka.Cluster.AutoDowning, Akka.Cluster""
         auto-down-unreachable-after = {DurationHocon(clusterOptions.StableAfter)}"
+            : string.Equals(strategy, "leader-auto-down", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            ? $@"downing-provider-class = {QuoteHocon(LeaderAutoDowningProvider.ProviderClassName)}"
             : $@"downing-provider-class = ""Akka.Cluster.SBR.SplitBrainResolverProvider, Akka.Cluster""
         split-brain-resolver {{
             active-strategy = {QuoteHocon(clusterOptions.SplitBrainResolverStrategy)}
@@ -293,8 +304,15 @@ public class AkkaHostedService : IHostedService
             }}
         }}";
 
+        // The leader-auto-down duration sits outside akka.cluster so Akka never mistakes it
+        // for one of its own (deprecated) auto-down keys. Only emitted for that strategy, so
+        // the auto-down / keep-oldest documents are byte-identical to before.
+        var leaderAutoDownBlock = string.Equals(strategy, "leader-auto-down", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            ? $"{LeaderAutoDowningProvider.UnreachableAfterPath} = {DurationHocon(clusterOptions.StableAfter)}\n"
+            : string.Empty;
+
         return $@"
-audit-telemetry-dispatcher {{
+{leaderAutoDownBlock}audit-telemetry-dispatcher {{
     type = ForkJoinDispatcher
     throughput = 100
     dedicated-thread-pool {{

src/ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Host/Actors/LeaderAutoDowningProvider.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+using System.Collections.Immutable;
+using Akka.Actor;
+using Akka.Cluster;
+using Akka.Configuration;
+using Akka.Event;
+
+namespace ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Host.Actors;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// In-repo replacement for Akka.NET's deprecated <c>Akka.Cluster.AutoDowning</c> provider
+/// (ScadaBridge#51 plan, implemented by ScadaBridge#106). Selected by
+/// <c>ScadaBridge:Cluster:SplitBrainResolverStrategy = "leader-auto-down"</c>; the HOCON is
+/// emitted by <see cref="AkkaHostedService.BuildHocon"/>.
+/// <para>
+/// <b>Behaviour is a line-for-line port of Akka.NET 1.5.62 <c>AutoDowning</c> /
+/// <c>AutoDown</c> / <c>AutoDownBase</c></b> (read from the decompiled 1.5.62 assembly), so
+/// no operational contract changes when a pair switches from <c>auto-down</c>: the leader
+/// among the REACHABLE members downs a peer that has stayed unreachable for
+/// <c>unreachable-after</c> (= <c>ClusterOptions.StableAfter</c>); a non-leader records the
+/// peer as pending and downs it if it later becomes leader; a peer that becomes reachable
+/// again, or is removed, before the timer fires is forgotten. Because Akka computes the
+/// leader over reachable members only, a crash of EITHER node of a pair (oldest included)
+/// makes the survivor leader and it downs the crashed peer — the availability-first posture
+/// of the 2026-07-21 decision, with dual-active on a real partition as the accepted trade.
+/// </para>
+/// <para>
+/// Differences from <c>AutoDowning</c>, all deliberate and none behavioural:
+/// the duration is read from <see cref="UnreachableAfterPath"/> rather than the deprecated
+/// <c>akka.cluster.auto-down-unreachable-after</c> key (so Akka's boot-time deprecation
+/// warning — "keep-majority will be used instead" — is no longer logged), and the
+/// <see cref="DownRemovalMargin"/> is read from <c>akka.cluster.down-removal-margin</c>
+/// directly because <c>ClusterSettings.DownRemovalMargin</c> is internal (same off-switch
+/// parsing; default <c>off</c> = zero, exactly what AutoDowning returns).
+/// </para>
+/// <para>
+/// Akka instantiates this by reflection (<c>Akka.Cluster.DowningProvider.Load</c>) with the
+/// <c>(ActorSystem, Cluster)</c> constructor; the downing actor is created as
+/// <c>/system/cluster/core/daemon/downingProvider</c>.
+/// </para>
+/// </summary>
+public sealed class LeaderAutoDowningProvider : IDowningProvider
+{
+    /// <summary>HOCON path carrying the unreachable-before-down duration.</summary>
+    public const string UnreachableAfterPath = "scadabridge.cluster.leader-auto-down.unreachable-after";
+
+    /// <summary>Assembly-qualified type name for <c>akka.cluster.downing-provider-class</c>.</summary>
+    public static readonly string ProviderClassName =
+        $"{typeof(LeaderAutoDowningProvider).FullName}, {typeof(LeaderAutoDowningProvider).Assembly.GetName().Name}";
+
+    private readonly ActorSystem _system;
+    private readonly Akka.Cluster.Cluster _cluster;
+
+    /// <summary>Creates the provider; called by Akka via reflection.</summary>
+    /// <param name="system">The actor system the cluster runs in.</param>
+    /// <param name="cluster">The cluster extension being started.</param>
+    public LeaderAutoDowningProvider(ActorSystem system, Akka.Cluster.Cluster cluster)
+    {
+        _system = system;
+        _cluster = cluster;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public TimeSpan DownRemovalMargin
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            var clusterConfig = _system.Settings.Config.GetConfig("akka.cluster");
+            var raw = clusterConfig.GetString("down-removal-margin", string.Empty).ToLowerInvariant();
+            return raw is "off" or "false" or "no"
+                ? TimeSpan.Zero
+                : clusterConfig.GetTimeSpan("down-removal-margin", null, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    /// <exception cref="ConfigurationException">
+    /// <see cref="UnreachableAfterPath"/> is missing or <c>off</c> — mirrors AutoDowning's
+    /// refusal to start without <c>auto-down-unreachable-after</c>.
+    /// </exception>
+    public Props DowningActorProps
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            var after = ReadUnreachableAfter(_system.Settings.Config);
+            if (!after.HasValue)
+            {
+                throw new ConfigurationException(
+                    $"LeaderAutoDowningProvider selected but '{UnreachableAfterPath}' not set");
+            }
+
+            return LeaderAutoDown.Props(after.Value, _cluster);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Reads <see cref="UnreachableAfterPath"/> with Akka's off-switch semantics (Akka's own
+    /// <c>GetTimeSpanWithOffSwitch</c> is internal): missing or <c>off</c>/<c>false</c>/<c>no</c>
+    /// yields <see langword="null"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static TimeSpan? ReadUnreachableAfter(Config config)
+    {
+        if (!config.HasPath(UnreachableAfterPath))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var raw = config.GetString(UnreachableAfterPath, string.Empty).ToLowerInvariant();
+        return raw is "off" or "false" or "no"
+            ? null
+            : config.GetTimeSpan(UnreachableAfterPath, null, true);
+    }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// The downing actor for <see cref="LeaderAutoDowningProvider"/> — port of Akka's internal
+/// <c>AutoDown</c>: subscribes to cluster domain events and downs through
+/// <see cref="Akka.Cluster.Cluster.Down"/>.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class LeaderAutoDown : LeaderAutoDownBase
+{
+    private readonly Akka.Cluster.Cluster _cluster;
+    private readonly ILoggingAdapter _log = Context.GetLogger();
+
+    /// <summary>Props for the downing actor.</summary>
+    /// <param name="unreachableAfter">How long a member must stay unreachable before it is downed.</param>
+    /// <param name="cluster">The cluster extension.</param>
+    public static Props Props(TimeSpan unreachableAfter, Akka.Cluster.Cluster cluster) =>
+        Akka.Actor.Props.Create(() => new LeaderAutoDown(unreachableAfter, cluster));
+
+    /// <summary>Creates the actor.</summary>
+    /// <param name="unreachableAfter">How long a member must stay unreachable before it is downed.</param>
+    /// <param name="cluster">The cluster extension.</param>
+    public LeaderAutoDown(TimeSpan unreachableAfter, Akka.Cluster.Cluster cluster)
+        : base(unreachableAfter)
+    {
+        _cluster = cluster;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public override Address SelfAddress => _cluster.SelfAddress;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public override IScheduler Scheduler => Context.System.Scheduler;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    protected override void PreStart()
+    {
+        _cluster.Subscribe(Self, typeof(ClusterEvent.IClusterDomainEvent));
+        base.PreStart();
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    protected override void PostStop()
+    {
+        _cluster.Unsubscribe(Self);
+        base.PostStop();
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">Called on a non-leader (a logic error).</exception>
+    public override void Down(Address node)
+    {
+        if (!IsLeader)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Must be leader to down node");
+        }
+
+        _log.Info("Leader is auto-downing unreachable node [{0}]", node);
+        _cluster.Down(node);
+    }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// The cluster-free decision logic of <see cref="LeaderAutoDown"/> — port of Akka's internal
+/// <c>AutoDownBase</c>, split out (as Akka does) so the leader / reachability semantics can be
+/// unit tested by feeding cluster events directly.
+/// </summary>
+internal abstract class LeaderAutoDownBase : UntypedActor
+{
+    /// <summary>Timer message: <see cref="Node"/> has been unreachable for the full window.</summary>
+    /// <param name="Node">The member that was scheduled for downing.</param>
+    internal sealed record UnreachableTimeout(UniqueAddress Node);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Members in these states are not scheduled — Akka's
+    /// <c>MembershipState.ConvergenceSkipUnreachableWithMemberStatus</c> (Down, Exiting).
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly ImmutableHashSet<MemberStatus> SkipMemberStatus =
+        ImmutableHashSet.Create(MemberStatus.Down, MemberStatus.Exiting);
+
+    private readonly TimeSpan _unreachableAfter;
+    private ImmutableDictionary<UniqueAddress, ICancelable> _scheduledUnreachable =
+        ImmutableDictionary<UniqueAddress, ICancelable>.Empty;
+    private ImmutableHashSet<UniqueAddress> _pendingUnreachable = ImmutableHashSet<UniqueAddress>.Empty;
+
+    /// <summary>Creates the base logic.</summary>
+    /// <param name="unreachableAfter">How long a member must stay unreachable before it is downed.</param>
+    protected LeaderAutoDownBase(TimeSpan unreachableAfter)
+    {
+        _unreachableAfter = unreachableAfter;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Whether this node is currently the cluster leader.</summary>
+    protected bool IsLeader { get; private set; }
+
+    /// <summary>This node's address, compared against the leader address.</summary>
+    public abstract Address SelfAddress { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>The scheduler used for the unreachable timers.</summary>
+    public abstract IScheduler Scheduler { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>Downs <paramref name="node"/>; only ever called while leader.</summary>
+    /// <param name="node">The member to down.</param>
+    public abstract void Down(Address node);
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    protected override void PostStop()
+    {
+        foreach (var cancelable in _scheduledUnreachable.Values)
+        {
+            cancelable.Cancel();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    protected override void OnReceive(object message)
+    {
+        switch (message)
+        {
+            case ClusterEvent.CurrentClusterState state:
+                IsLeader = state.Leader != null && state.Leader.Equals(SelfAddress);
+                foreach (var member in state.Unreachable)
+                {
+                    UnreachableMember(member);
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember unreachable:
+                UnreachableMember(unreachable.Member);
+                break;
+
+            case ClusterEvent.ReachableMember reachable:
+                Remove(reachable.Member.UniqueAddress);
+                break;
+
+            case ClusterEvent.MemberRemoved removed:
+                Remove(removed.Member.UniqueAddress);
+                break;
+
+            case ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged leaderChanged:
+                IsLeader = leaderChanged.Leader != null && leaderChanged.Leader.Equals(SelfAddress);
+                if (IsLeader)
+                {
+                    foreach (var node in _pendingUnreachable)
+                    {
+                        Down(node.Address);
+                    }
+
+                    _pendingUnreachable = ImmutableHashSet<UniqueAddress>.Empty;
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case UnreachableTimeout timeout:
+                if (_scheduledUnreachable.ContainsKey(timeout.Node))
+                {
+                    _scheduledUnreachable = _scheduledUnreachable.Remove(timeout.Node);
+                    DownOrAddPending(timeout.Node);
+                }
+                break;
+
+            // Every other IClusterDomainEvent is ignored, exactly as AutoDownBase does.
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void UnreachableMember(Member member)
+    {
+        if (!SkipMemberStatus.Contains(member.Status) && !_scheduledUnreachable.ContainsKey(member.UniqueAddress))
+        {
+            ScheduleUnreachable(member.UniqueAddress);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ScheduleUnreachable(UniqueAddress node)
+    {
+        if (_unreachableAfter == TimeSpan.Zero)
+        {
+            DownOrAddPending(node);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var cancelable = Scheduler.ScheduleTellOnceCancelable(
+            _unreachableAfter, Self, new UnreachableTimeout(node), Self);
+        _scheduledUnreachable = _scheduledUnreachable.Add(node, cancelable);
+    }
+
+    private void DownOrAddPending(UniqueAddress node)
+    {
+        if (IsLeader)
+        {
+            Down(node.Address);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _pendingUnreachable = _pendingUnreachable.Add(node);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void Remove(UniqueAddress node)
+    {
+        if (_scheduledUnreachable.TryGetValue(node, out var cancelable))
+        {
+            cancelable.Cancel();
+        }
+
+        _scheduledUnreachable = _scheduledUnreachable.Remove(node);
+        _pendingUnreachable = _pendingUnreachable.Remove(node);
+    }
+}

tests/ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.ClusterInfrastructure.Tests/ClusterOptionsValidatorTests.cs

@@ -298,4 +298,33 @@ public class ClusterOptionsValidatorTests
         Assert.Contains("PartnerProbeIntervalMs", result.FailureMessage);
         Assert.Contains("ProbeConnectTimeoutMs", result.FailureMessage);
     }
+
+    /// <summary>Verifies that the leader-auto-down strategy (ScadaBridge#106) passes validation, case-insensitively.</summary>
+    /// <param name="strategy">The strategy spelling.</param>
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("leader-auto-down")]
+    [InlineData("Leader-Auto-Down")]
+    public void LeaderAutoDownStrategy_Passes(string strategy)
+    {
+        var options = ValidOptions();
+        options.SplitBrainResolverStrategy = strategy;
+        options.DownIfAlone = false; // keep-oldest-only knob; inert here, must not block startup
+
+        var result = new ClusterOptionsValidator().Validate(null, options);
+
+        Assert.True(result.Succeeded, result.FailureMessage);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Verifies that the rejection message lists leader-auto-down among the supported strategies.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void UnsupportedStrategy_MessageNamesLeaderAutoDown()
+    {
+        var options = ValidOptions();
+        options.SplitBrainResolverStrategy = "leader-autodown";
+
+        var result = new ClusterOptionsValidator().Validate(null, options);
+
+        Assert.True(result.Failed);
+        Assert.Contains("'leader-auto-down'", result.FailureMessage);
+    }
 }

tests/ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Host.Tests/HoconBuilderTests.cs

@@ -250,4 +250,76 @@ public class HoconBuilderTests
         Assert.Equal(1, config.GetInt("akka.cluster.min-nr-of-members"));
         Assert.True(config.GetBoolean("akka.cluster.run-coordinated-shutdown-when-down"));
     }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Verifies that the leader-auto-down strategy (ScadaBridge#106) installs the in-repo
+    /// provider, carries StableAfter under its own key, and emits neither Akka's deprecated
+    /// auto-down key nor an SBR section.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void BuildHocon_LeaderAutoDownStrategy_EmitsInRepoProvider_AndNoDeprecatedKey()
+    {
+        var cluster = DefaultCluster();
+        cluster.SplitBrainResolverStrategy = "leader-auto-down";
+        cluster.StableAfter = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(15250);
+
+        var hocon = AkkaHostedService.BuildHocon(
+            DefaultNode(), cluster, new[] { "Central" },
+            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15));
+
+        var config = ConfigurationFactory.ParseString(hocon);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            "ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Host.Actors.LeaderAutoDowningProvider, ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Host",
+            config.GetString("akka.cluster.downing-provider-class"));
+        // The emitted name must resolve the way Akka resolves it (Type.GetType(name, true)).
+        Assert.Equal(typeof(LeaderAutoDowningProvider),
+            Type.GetType(config.GetString("akka.cluster.downing-provider-class"), throwOnError: true));
+        Assert.Equal(
+            TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(15250),
+            config.GetTimeSpan(LeaderAutoDowningProvider.UnreachableAfterPath));
+        // No deprecated key (that is what triggers Akka's "keep-majority will be used" warning)
+        // and no SBR section alongside the provider.
+        Assert.False(config.HasPath("akka.cluster.auto-down-unreachable-after"));
+        Assert.False(config.HasPath("akka.cluster.split-brain-resolver.active-strategy"));
+        // Document stays intact after the downing block.
+        Assert.Equal(1, config.GetInt("akka.cluster.min-nr-of-members"));
+        Assert.True(config.GetBoolean("akka.cluster.run-coordinated-shutdown-when-down"));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Verifies that the leader-auto-down strategy name is case-insensitive.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void BuildHocon_LeaderAutoDownStrategy_IsCaseInsensitive()
+    {
+        var cluster = DefaultCluster();
+        cluster.SplitBrainResolverStrategy = "Leader-Auto-Down";
+
+        var config = ConfigurationFactory.ParseString(AkkaHostedService.BuildHocon(
+            DefaultNode(), cluster, new[] { "Central" },
+            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15)));
+
+        Assert.Equal(LeaderAutoDowningProvider.ProviderClassName,
+            config.GetString("akka.cluster.downing-provider-class"));
+        Assert.Equal(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15), config.GetTimeSpan(LeaderAutoDowningProvider.UnreachableAfterPath));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Verifies the leader-auto-down key is emitted ONLY for that strategy: the existing
+    /// auto-down and keep-oldest documents are unchanged by ScadaBridge#106.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="strategy">An existing strategy.</param>
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("auto-down")]
+    [InlineData("keep-oldest")]
+    public void BuildHocon_OtherStrategies_DoNotEmitLeaderAutoDownKey(string strategy)
+    {
+        var cluster = DefaultCluster();
+        cluster.SplitBrainResolverStrategy = strategy;
+
+        var hocon = AkkaHostedService.BuildHocon(
+            DefaultNode(), cluster, new[] { "Central" },
+            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15));
+
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("leader-auto-down", hocon);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain(nameof(LeaderAutoDowningProvider), hocon);
+    }
 }

tests/ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Host.Tests/LeaderAutoDownTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+using System.Collections.Immutable;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Akka.Actor;
+using Akka.Cluster;
+using Akka.TestKit.Xunit2;
+using Akka.Util;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Host.Actors;
+
+namespace ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Host.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// ScadaBridge#106: the decision logic of <see cref="LeaderAutoDownBase"/> must match Akka.NET
+/// 1.5.62 <c>AutoDownBase</c> exactly. These cases are the ones Akka's own <c>AutoDownSpec</c>
+/// pins — cluster events are fed straight to the actor and the <c>Down</c> seam reports to a
+/// probe, so the leader-only and reachability semantics are proven without a running cluster.
+/// The two-node real-cluster behaviour is proven separately in IntegrationTests
+/// (<c>LeaderAutoDownFailoverTests</c>).
+/// </summary>
+public class LeaderAutoDownTests : TestKit
+{
+    private static readonly Address MemberA = new("akka.tcp", "sys", "a", 2552);
+    private static readonly Address MemberB = new("akka.tcp", "sys", "b", 2552);
+    private static readonly Address MemberC = new("akka.tcp", "sys", "c", 2552);
+
+    private sealed record DownCalled(Address Address);
+
+    /// <summary>Test double: <c>Down</c> reports to a probe instead of calling the cluster.</summary>
+    private sealed class TestLeaderAutoDown : LeaderAutoDownBase
+    {
+        private readonly IActorRef _probe;
+
+        public TestLeaderAutoDown(Address selfAddress, TimeSpan unreachableAfter, IActorRef probe)
+            : base(unreachableAfter)
+        {
+            SelfAddress = selfAddress;
+            _probe = probe;
+        }
+
+        public override Address SelfAddress { get; }
+
+        public override IScheduler Scheduler => Context.System.Scheduler;
+
+        public override void Down(Address node)
+        {
+            // Report EVERY call, leader or not: a base that wrongly downs while not leader must
+            // show up as an unexpected message, not be swallowed by a throw-and-restart.
+            _probe.Tell(new DownCalled(node));
+            if (!IsLeader)
+            {
+                _probe.Tell("down-called-while-not-leader");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Akka's <c>Member</c> constructors are internal; tests build members via the internal factory.</summary>
+    private static Member CreateMember(Address address, MemberStatus status)
+    {
+        var create = typeof(Member).GetMethod(
+            "Create",
+            BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.NonPublic,
+            new[] { typeof(UniqueAddress), typeof(int), typeof(MemberStatus), typeof(ImmutableHashSet<string>), typeof(AppVersion) })
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Akka.Cluster.Member.Create(…) not found — Akka internals changed.");
+        return (Member)create.Invoke(null, new object[]
+        {
+            new UniqueAddress(address, 1), 1, status, ImmutableHashSet<string>.Empty, AppVersion.Zero,
+        })!;
+    }
+
+    private IActorRef AutoDownActor(TimeSpan unreachableAfter) =>
+        Sys.ActorOf(Props.Create(() => new TestLeaderAutoDown(MemberA, unreachableAfter, TestActor)));
+
+    /// <summary>A non-leader never downs an unreachable member.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void NotLeader_DoesNotDownUnreachable()
+    {
+        var a = AutoDownActor(TimeSpan.Zero);
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberB));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember(CreateMember(MemberC, MemberStatus.Up)));
+        ExpectNoMsg(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>The leader downs an unreachable member immediately when the window is zero.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void Leader_DownsUnreachable_WhenWindowIsZero()
+    {
+        var a = AutoDownActor(TimeSpan.Zero);
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberA));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember(CreateMember(MemberB, MemberStatus.Up)));
+        ExpectMsg(new DownCalled(MemberB));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>The leader downs an unreachable member only after the full window.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void Leader_DownsUnreachable_AfterWindow()
+    {
+        var a = AutoDownActor(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberA));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember(CreateMember(MemberB, MemberStatus.Up)));
+        ExpectNoMsg(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
+        ExpectMsg(new DownCalled(MemberB), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>The initial snapshot drives leadership and schedules members already unreachable.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void CurrentClusterState_Leader_DownsAlreadyUnreachable()
+    {
+        var a = AutoDownActor(TimeSpan.Zero);
+        var b = CreateMember(MemberB, MemberStatus.Up);
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.CurrentClusterState(
+            ImmutableSortedSet<Member>.Empty,
+            ImmutableHashSet.Create(b),
+            ImmutableHashSet<Address>.Empty,
+            MemberA,
+            ImmutableDictionary<string, Address>.Empty));
+        ExpectMsg(new DownCalled(MemberB));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>A pending member is downed as soon as this node becomes leader.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void BecomingLeader_DownsPendingUnreachable()
+    {
+        var a = AutoDownActor(TimeSpan.Zero);
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberB));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember(CreateMember(MemberC, MemberStatus.Up)));
+        ExpectNoMsg(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberA));
+        ExpectMsg(new DownCalled(MemberC));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>A member that timed out while not leader is downed on becoming leader.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void BecomingLeader_AfterWindow_DownsPendingUnreachable()
+    {
+        var a = AutoDownActor(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberB));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember(CreateMember(MemberC, MemberStatus.Up)));
+        ExpectNoMsg(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberA));
+        ExpectMsg(new DownCalled(MemberC));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Losing leadership inside the window means no Down when the timer fires.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void LosingLeadership_InsideWindow_DoesNotDown()
+    {
+        var a = AutoDownActor(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberA));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember(CreateMember(MemberC, MemberStatus.Up)));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberB));
+        ExpectNoMsg(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>A member that becomes reachable again inside the window is not downed.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void ReachableAgain_InsideWindow_DoesNotDown()
+    {
+        var a = AutoDownActor(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberA));
+        var b = CreateMember(MemberB, MemberStatus.Up);
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember(b));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.ReachableMember(b));
+        ExpectNoMsg(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>A pending member that becomes reachable again is not downed on becoming leader.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void ReachableAgain_WhilePending_IsForgotten()
+    {
+        var a = AutoDownActor(TimeSpan.Zero);
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberB));
+        var c = CreateMember(MemberC, MemberStatus.Up);
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember(c));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.ReachableMember(c));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberA));
+        ExpectNoMsg(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>A member removed inside the window is not downed.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void RemovedInsideWindow_DoesNotDown()
+    {
+        var a = AutoDownActor(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberA));
+        var b = CreateMember(MemberB, MemberStatus.Up);
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember(b));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.MemberRemoved(b.Copy(MemberStatus.Removed), MemberStatus.Up));
+        ExpectNoMsg(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Members already Down or Exiting are skipped (Akka's ConvergenceSkipUnreachableWithMemberStatus).</summary>
+    /// <param name="status">The member status.</param>
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(MemberStatus.Down)]
+    [InlineData(MemberStatus.Exiting)]
+    public void AlreadyDownOrExiting_IsNotDownedAgain(MemberStatus status)
+    {
+        var a = AutoDownActor(TimeSpan.Zero);
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberA));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember(CreateMember(MemberB, status)));
+        ExpectNoMsg(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>A repeated UnreachableMember for an already-scheduled member does not schedule a second Down.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void RepeatedUnreachable_DownsOnce()
+    {
+        var a = AutoDownActor(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.LeaderChanged(MemberA));
+        var b = CreateMember(MemberB, MemberStatus.Up);
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember(b));
+        a.Tell(new ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember(b));
+        ExpectMsg(new DownCalled(MemberB), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
+        ExpectNoMsg(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
+    }
+}

tests/ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.IntegrationTests/Cluster/LeaderAutoDownFailoverTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+using Akka.Actor;
+using Xunit;
+using ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.Host.Actors;
+
+namespace ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.IntegrationTests.Cluster;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// ScadaBridge#106: the in-repo <see cref="LeaderAutoDowningProvider"/> (strategy
+/// <c>leader-auto-down</c>) must give a REAL two-node cluster exactly the outcomes Akka's
+/// <c>AutoDowning</c> (<c>auto-down</c>) gives in <see cref="SbrFailoverTests"/>: a hard crash
+/// of EITHER node — the oldest included — is downed and removed by the survivor and the
+/// singleton ends up answering on the survivor. The two failover cases are clones of
+/// <c>SbrFailoverTests.AutoDown_HardCrashOfOldestNode_YoungerSurvivorTakesOverSingleton</c> and
+/// <c>…AutoDown_HardCrashOfYoungerNode_OldestKeepsSingleton</c>, differing only in the strategy.
+/// Under a provider that never downs, the member-removal step times out (the crashed member
+/// stays Unreachable forever) — that is what gives them teeth.
+/// </summary>
+public class LeaderAutoDownFailoverTests
+{
+    private const string Strategy = "leader-auto-down";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The configured provider is the one Akka actually instantiated and started: the Cluster
+    /// extension holds a <see cref="LeaderAutoDowningProvider"/> and its downing actor is running
+    /// under the cluster daemon on both nodes.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A task that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task LeaderAutoDown_ProviderIsWhatAkkaLoads_OnBothNodes()
+    {
+        await using var cluster = await TwoNodeClusterFixture.StartAsync(strategy: Strategy);
+
+        foreach (var node in new[] { cluster.NodeA, cluster.NodeB })
+        {
+            var akkaCluster = Akka.Cluster.Cluster.Get(node);
+            Assert.IsType<LeaderAutoDowningProvider>(akkaCluster.DowningProvider);
+
+            // ClusterCoreDaemon creates the provider's DowningActorProps as "downingProvider".
+            var identity = await node.ActorSelection("/system/cluster/core/daemon/downingProvider")
+                .Ask<ActorIdentity>(new Identify("downing"), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
+            Assert.NotNull(identity.Subject);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// With leader-auto-down, a hard crash of the OLDEST node lets the younger survivor down it
+    /// and take over the singleton — the direction two-node keep-oldest cannot survive.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A task that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task LeaderAutoDown_HardCrashOfOldestNode_YoungerSurvivorTakesOverSingleton()
+    {
+        await using var cluster = await TwoNodeClusterFixture.StartAsync(strategy: Strategy);
+        SbrFailoverTests.StartSingleton(cluster.NodeA); // oldest hosts the singleton initially
+        var (_, proxyB) = SbrFailoverTests.StartSingleton(cluster.NodeB);
+
+        var echo = await proxyB.Ask<string>("ping", TimeSpan.FromSeconds(20));
+        Assert.Equal("ping", echo);
+
+        var victimAddress = Akka.Cluster.Cluster.Get(cluster.NodeA).SelfAddress;
+        await TwoNodeClusterFixture.CrashNode(cluster.NodeA);
+
+        // 1) The younger survivor must DOWN and REMOVE the crashed OLDEST member.
+        await TwoNodeClusterFixture.WaitForMemberRemoved(
+            cluster.NodeB, victimAddress, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30));
+
+        // 2) B must still be a functioning cluster member (not self-downed) …
+        var clusterB = Akka.Cluster.Cluster.Get(cluster.NodeB);
+        Assert.False(clusterB.IsTerminated, "survivor's Cluster extension terminated — it downed itself");
+
+        // 3) … and the singleton must migrate to B and answer again.
+        var deadline = DateTime.UtcNow + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
+        Exception? last = null;
+        while (DateTime.UtcNow < deadline)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var echo2 = await proxyB.Ask<string>("ping-after-oldest-crash", TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
+                Assert.Equal("ping-after-oldest-crash", echo2);
+                return;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex) { last = ex; }
+        }
+        throw new Xunit.Sdk.XunitException(
+            $"Singleton never migrated to the younger survivor after the oldest crashed under leader-auto-down: {last}");
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>With leader-auto-down, a hard crash of the younger node leaves the singleton on the oldest node.</summary>
+    /// <returns>A task that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task LeaderAutoDown_HardCrashOfYoungerNode_OldestKeepsSingleton()
+    {
+        await using var cluster = await TwoNodeClusterFixture.StartAsync(strategy: Strategy);
+        var (_, proxyA) = SbrFailoverTests.StartSingleton(cluster.NodeA);
+        SbrFailoverTests.StartSingleton(cluster.NodeB);
+
+        Assert.Equal("ping", await proxyA.Ask<string>("ping", TimeSpan.FromSeconds(20)));
+
+        var victimAddress = Akka.Cluster.Cluster.Get(cluster.NodeB).SelfAddress;
+        await TwoNodeClusterFixture.CrashNode(cluster.NodeB);
+
+        await TwoNodeClusterFixture.WaitForMemberRemoved(
+            cluster.NodeA, victimAddress, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30));
+
+        Assert.False(Akka.Cluster.Cluster.Get(cluster.NodeA).IsTerminated,
+            "surviving oldest's Cluster extension terminated — it downed itself");
+
+        var deadline = DateTime.UtcNow + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
+        Exception? last = null;
+        while (DateTime.UtcNow < deadline)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var echo2 = await proxyA.Ask<string>("ping-after-crash", TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
+                Assert.Equal("ping-after-crash", echo2);
+                return;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex) { last = ex; }
+        }
+        throw new Xunit.Sdk.XunitException(
+            $"Singleton stopped answering on the surviving oldest node under leader-auto-down: {last}");
+    }
+}

tests/ZB.MOM.WW.ScadaBridge.IntegrationTests/Cluster/SbrFailoverTests.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public class SbrFailoverTests
         public EchoActor() => ReceiveAny(msg => Sender.Tell(msg));
     }
 
-    private static (IActorRef manager, IActorRef proxy) StartSingleton(ActorSystem sys)
+    internal static (IActorRef manager, IActorRef proxy) StartSingleton(ActorSystem sys)
     {
         var manager = sys.ActorOf(ClusterSingletonManager.Props(
             Props.Create(() => new EchoActor()),